Timeline of Cologne
Timeline of Cologne, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prior to the 14th century
- 13 CE - Germanicus headquartered in Cologne.
- 15 CE - Town becomes administrative capital of Germania Inferior (approximate date).
- 50 CE - Romans establish Colonia.[1]
- 80 CE - Eifel Aqueduct built.
- 90 CE - Population: 45,000.
- 260 - Cologne becomes capital of Gallic Empire.
- 310 - Bridge built over Rhine.
- 313 - Catholic diocese of Cologne established (approximate date).[2]
- 451 - The Huns under Attila sack Cologne.
- 459 - Ripuarian Franks take power.
- 475 - Becomes the residence of the Frankish king Childeric I.[1]
- 716 - Battle of Cologne.
- 795 - City becomes Archbishop's see.
- 960 - Great St. Martin Church founded.[1]
- 974 - St. Andreas Church consecrated.
- 980 - Church of St. Pantaleon consecrated.
- 1003 - Deutz Abbey founded.
- 1065 - St. Maria im Kapitol built.
- 1106 - Church of the Holy Virgins built (approximate date).[3]
- 1114 - Coat of arms of Cologne in use.
- 1160 - St. Cäcilien church built (approximate date).
- 1182 - City expands with suburbs and ramparts.[1]
- 1184 - Richerzeche formed (approximate date).
- 1201 - The city joined the Hanseatic League.[1]
- 1227 - St. Gereon's Basilica built.
- 1247 - St. Kunibert church consecrated.
- 1248 - Cologne Cathedral construction begins.[1]
- 1250 - Great St. Martin Church built.
- 1259 - Konrad von Hochstaden (Archbishop of Cologne) expels the Richerzeche.[1]
- 1260 - Church of the Minorites built (approximate date).[4]
- 1288 - Battle of Worringen.
14th–18th centuries
.jpg)
- 1322
- Cologne Cathedral choir consecrated.
- Municipal archive in operation (approximate date).
- 1334 - Cologne Charterhouse founded.
- 1388 - University of Cologne established.[1]
- 1396 - Constitution of Cologne in effect.[citation needed]
- 1400 - Gothic artist known as "Master of Saint Veronica" active (approximate date).[5]
- 1414 - Jews expelled.[1]
- 1447 - Gürzenich built.[1]
- 1450 - Dreikönigsgymnasium founded.
- 1466 - Ulrich Zell sets up printing press.[6]
- 1473 - Work on Cologne Cathedral west front and towers suspended until 19th century
- 1475 - City becomes free imperial city.
- 1569 - Cologne City Hall building expanded.[7]
- 1583/88 - Cologne War a religious conflict.
- 1584 - Apostolic Nuncio established.
- 1586 - Battle of Werl.
- 1608 - Protestants banished.[4]
- 1626
- Bertram Hilden sets up printing business.
- Witch trials begin (approximate date).[8]
- 1709 - Eau de Cologne launched by Giovanni Maria Farina.
- 1734 - Gazette de Cologne begins publication.
- 1783 - Theater an der Schmierstraße built.
- 1794 - Population: 40,000.[1]
- 1795 - City directory published.[9]
- 1796 - City annexed by French First Republic.
- 1798
- University of Cologne closes.[1]
- Kölnische Zeitung newspaper begins publication.
19th century
- 1801 - Treaty of Lunéville incorporates the city into France.[1]
- 1802 - Hänneschen puppet theatre founded.[10]
- 1815 - Prussians take power, viz Congress of Vienna.[4][1]
- 1823 - Rosenmontag (carnival) begins.[11]
- 1827 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne formed.
- 1839 - Stollwerck confectionery established.[11]
- 1840 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne active.[12]
- 1842
- Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
- Central-Dombauverein zu Köln (Central Cathedral Building Society) recommences construction work on Cologne Cathedral after 400 years.
- 1848 - Neue Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
- 1849 - Population: 94,789 in city; 497,330 in region.[13]
- 1850 - Conservatorium der Musik founded.
- 1853 - Diözesanmuseum founded.
- 1857 - Hotel du Dome opens.
- 1859
- Cathedral Bridge built.[14]
- Köln Hauptbahnhof opens.
- 1860 - Zoo founded.
- 1861
- Wallraf-Richartz Museum[14] and Glockengasse Synagogue built.
- Population: 120,568 in city; 567,435 in region.[15]
- 1863 - Hotel Ernst opens.
- 1864 - Flora park laid out.
- 1872
- Theater in der Glockengasse built.
- Zimmermann bakery in business.[16]
- 1874 - Wolkenburg (Köln) restored.[1]
- 1876 - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger begins publication.
- 1877 - Cologne Stadtbahn opens.
- 1880 - Cologne Cathedral completed.
- 1885
- 1888 - Bayenthal, Ehrenfeld, Lindenthal and Nippes incorporated into city.[4]
- 1890 - Public Library established.
- 1894 - Main station rebuilt.
- 1900 - Population: 370,685.[1]
20th century
1900-1945
- 1902 - Theater am Habsburger Ring built.
- 1904 - Oper der Stadt Köln formed.
- 1905 - Population: 428,503.[1]
- 1906 - Schnütgen Museum founded.
- 1908 - 21 September: Mathematician Minkowski delivers "Raum und Zeit" lecture on spacetime.
- 1910
- 1911 - Hohenzollern Bridge built.
- 1913 - Rheinpark and Köln Messe/Deutz station open.
- 1914 - Werkbund Exhibition held.[17]
- 1917 - Konrad Adenauer becomes mayor.
- 1919
- 1921 - Jawne school built.
- 1925 - Population: 705,477.
- 1926
- Airport opens.
- Kölner Werkschulen established.
- 1928
- Messeturm Köln built.
- Polish Consulate relocated to Frankfurt, and replaced by a Polish Consular Agency in Cologne.[18]
- 1930
- Polish Consular Agency closed.[18]
- November: Flood.
- 1934 - University of Cologne reopens.
- 1938 - Kristallnacht.
- 1939 - Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[20]
- 1940 - Bombing begins.
- 1942 - III SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviets.[21]
- 1944
- May: III SS construction brigade camp relocated to Wieda.[21]
- 12 August: Ford-Werke subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[22]
- 15 August: Köln Stadt subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Eastern Europeans.[23]
- 27 September: Westwaggon subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[24]
- 25 October: Köln Stadt subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[23]
- November: Ehrenfeld Group executed.
- November: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp based in Cologne.[25]
- 1945
- February: Ford-Werke subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[22]
- February: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp relocated from Cologne.[25]
- March: Westwaggon subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Many prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp, dozens managed to escape.[24]
- American troops capture city.
1946-1990s
- 1946 - Kölnische Rundschau begins publication.
- 1947
- 27 March: Food protest.[26]
- Sport University founded.
- Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk orchestra formed.
- 1949
- Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger resumes publication.
- Cologne Furniture Fair begins.
- 1950 - Photokina trade fair begins.
- 1951 - Cologne Bonn Airport opens.
- 1954
- Italian Cultural Institute in Cologne founded.[27]
- Cappella Coloniensis formed.
- 1955
- February–March: City co-hosts the 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships.
- Gaffel Haus rebuilt.
- 1957
- Central Station rebuilt.
- Opera house built.
- Cable Car begins operating.
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).[28]
- 1960
- Stadtwerke Köln established.
- Population: 803,616.
- 1964
- Express (German newspaper) newspaper begins publication.
- School massacre.
- Forstbotanischer Garten created.
- 1967 - Kölner Kunstmarkt begins.
- 1971 - Cologne University of Applied Sciences formed.
- 1973 - Association of Islamic Cultural Centres headquartered in city.[29]
- 1976 - Gebühreneinzugszentrale and Museum Ludwig established.
- 1977 - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit headquartered in city.[30]
- 1981 - Colonius tower built.
- 1983
- April: Flood.
- Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch established.
- 1984
- Centrum Schwule Geschichte established.
- Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs headquartered in city.[29]
- Feminale film festival begins.
- 1985
- Käthe Kollwitz Museum opens.
- St. George's School founded.
- 1986 - Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany headquartered in city.[29]
- 1988 - NS Documentation Center established.
- 1990 - Academy of Media Arts Cologne established.
- 1991 - Cologne Conference (television and film festival) and Cologne Comedy Festival begin.
- 1992 - Cologne Festival of Early Music begins.
- 1993
- Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum opens.
- Cologne Business School established.
- Ringfest begins.
- 1994 - Central Council of Muslims in Germany headquartered in city.[29]
- 1996 - Summerjam reggae festival begins.
- 1998
- September: City hosts the 1998 World Rowing Championships.
- Lanxess Arena opens.
- 1999
- City website online (approximate date).[31][chronology citation needed]
- 25th G8 summit held in Cologne.
- 2000
- Internationale Filmschule Köln established.
- Population: 962,884.
21st century
- 2001
- April–May: City co-hosts the 2001 IIHF World Championship.
- KölnTurm built.
- Zentralarchiv des internationalen Kunsthandels (archives) headquartered in Cologne.
- 2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
- 2004
- 2005
- City hosts Catholic World Youth Day.
- Weltstadthaus built.
- 2006
- International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne begins.
- KölnTriangle built.
- 2009 - Jürgen Roters becomes mayor.[32]
- 2010 - Population: 1,007,119
- 2014 - Rainer Maria Cardinal Woelki succeeds Joachim Cardinal Meisner as archbishop of Cologne
- 2015 - Henriette Reker becomes first female mayor of Cologne, one day after an assassination attempt on her at a market in Braunsfeld
- 2015-2016 - 2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
- 2017
- May: City co-hosts the 2017 IIHF World Championship.
- Cologne Central Mosque is completed.
- 2018
- January: Flood.
- 13 June: Terrorist plot foiled.
- 15 October: 2018 Cologne attack
- 2025
- 1 November: Torsten Burmester (SPD) becomes mayor of Cologne.
See also
- History of Cologne
- List of mayors of Cologne
- Elector of Cologne
- Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:(de) Aachen, Bonn, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Münster
