Timeline of Florence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini, was created in the 12th century.
Prior to 14th century
- 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date).[1]
- 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
- 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region.[2]
- 405 – Siege of Florence (405).[2]
- 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila.[1]
- 1078 – City walls built.[2]
- 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built.[3]
- 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence.[3]
- 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted;[2] Republic of Florence established.
- 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
- 1138 – "City divided into six wards."[3]
- 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
- 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date).[3]
- 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens.[3]
- 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence allegedly occurs.
- 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built.[3]
- 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
- 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected.[3]
- 1252
- Mint established;[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
- Santa Trinita bridge built.[3]
- 1258 – Bargello built.[3]
- 1261 – Public prison established.[3]
- 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power.[2]
- 1269 – Flood.[3]
- 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild."[4][2]
- 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built.[3]
- 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded.[5]
- 1289
- 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.
14th–16th centuries
- 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
- 1321 – University of Florence founded.
- 1333 – November: Flood.(it)
- 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
- 1348 – Black Death plague.[3]
- 1350 – October: Petrarch visits Florence and stays at Boccaccio's home.[6]
- 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower.[7]
- 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo (church) built.
- 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built.[8]
- 1361 – After the failed coup, Boccaccio left Florence to reside in Certaldo.[9]
- 1361-1362 – Boccaccio composed De Mulieribus Claris (On Famous Women). [10]
- 1370 - Boccaccio completed his last autograph manuscript of The Decameron (Ms Berliner Hamilton 90).[11]
- 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
- 1377 – Medici in power.[4]
- 1378-1382 – Ciompi Revolt.[12]
- 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
- 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
- 1390-1402 – Florentine–Milanese Wars.[13]
- 1397 – Ancient Greek teaching begins at the University of Florence.[14]
- 1397 – Medici Bank established.[15]
- 1401 – Ghiberti wins the competition to create the Florence Baptistry doors.[16].
- 1403-1424 Lorenzo Ghiberti sculpted 28 reliefs for the North Doors of the Florence Baptistery [17]
- 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued.[4]
- 1415 – Cosimo de' Medici weds Contessina de' Bardi.[18]
- 1419 – Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici commissions Filippo Brunelleschi to rebuild the Basilica of San Lorenzo.[19]
- 1426-1428 Masaccio painted the Holy Trinity [20]
- 1427 – Catasto tax begins.[3]
- 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins.[15]
- 1434 – 23 June: Pope Eugene IV arrives in Florence, having fled Rome.[21]
- 1434 – 6 October: Cosimo de' Medici in power.[5]
- 1435 – The publication of Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De Pictura.[22]
- 1435-1440 Donatello sculpted David (bronze) for the Medici family [23]
- 1436 – Filippo Brunelleschi Completion of Brunelleschi’s Dome on Santa Maria del Fiore. [24]
- 1436 – Duomo consecrated.[3]
- 1440 – June 29: Florence wins the Battle of Anghiari. [25]
- 1444 – Construction of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi starts.[26]
- 1445 – Ospedale degli Innocenti formally opens. [27]
- 1455 – The incomplete written manuscript of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s I Commentarii (Commentaries), which includes the first written biography of an artist from the Italian Renaissance [28]
- 1464 – 1 August: Cosimo de' Medici dies.[29]
- 1465 – March 16: Cosimo de' Medici is named Pater Patriae.[30]
- 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
- 1471 – Printing press in operation.[3][31]
- 1472 – Leonardo da Vinci becomes a Master Painter in Florence. [32]
- 1476 – First performance of Terence's Andria (comedy) in Florence. [33]
- 1478 – April 26: Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici. [34]
- 1478 – 1 June: Pope Sixtus IV issues papal bull excommunicating Lorenzo de' Medici and Florence. [35]
- 1478-1483 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni commissions the epic poem Morgante from Luigi Pulci.[36]
- 1484 – January: Marsilio Ficino publishes Plato's works translated into Latin. [37]
- 1484-1486 – Sandro Botticelli painted The Birth of Venus [38]
- 1485 – The publication of the first printed book on architectural theory: Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) [39]
- 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives.[40]
- 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
- 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
- 1492
- Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate.
- Michelangelo creates the Battle of the Centaurs relief.[41]
- 1494
- Charles VIII of France invades the Italian peninsula.
- Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence.
- Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
- 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built in the Palazzo Vecchio.
- 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence. [42]
- 1498
- Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary to the Second Chancery.[4]
- 23 May: Savonarola executed.[2]
- 1503 – Leonardo da Vinci begins painting a portrait of Mona Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo. [43]
- 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria.[44]
- 1509 – Militia established.[3]
- 1512
- Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
- Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
- 1513
- Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
- Machiavelli publishes The Prince
- 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
- 1519 – June: the Sagrestia Nuova of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, planned.[45]
- 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
- 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
- 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic.[3]
- 1536 – Charles V visits city.[3]
- 1537
- Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
- Cosimo I moves into the Palazzo della Signoria. [46]
- Giorgio Vasari was commissioned by Cosimo I to expand and redesign the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio)[47]
- March 29, 1539 – Cosimo I de' Medici marries Eleanor of Toledo.[48]
- 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
- 1549 – Eleanor of Toledo purchases the Pitti Palace.[49]
- 1550 – the Medici ducal family moves into the Palazzo Pitti.[50]
- 1550 – The publication of Vasari’s Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects [51]
- 1557 – September: Flood.(it)
- 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
- 1560-1581 – The building of Galleria degli Uffizi was initiated by Giorgio Vasari. [52]
- 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established.[53]
- 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
- 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
- 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1569 – late August: Cosimo I de' Medici becomes the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.[54]
- 1570-1574 – Giorgio Vasari begins The Last Judgement frescoes in the dome of Florence Cathedral; completed by Federico Zuccari.[55]
- 1573 – 14 January: First meeting of the Florentine Camerata.[56]
- 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published.[57]
- 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
- 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established.[5]
- 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented.[58]
- 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne.[58]
- 1600
- 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France.
- Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date).[5]
- Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice.[59]
17th–19th centuries
- 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero.[60]
- 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
- 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped.[58]
- 1739 – Academia Botanica established.[61]
- 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
- 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established.[61]
- 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
- 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
- 1799 – French occupation begins.[2]
- 1814
- 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
- 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
- 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844.
- 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth.[59]
- 1848
- Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
- Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
- 1852 – State Archives of Florence established.
- 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication.[63]
- 1861
- National Library active.
- Population: 150,864.
- 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
- 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy.[1]
- 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin.[64]
- 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
- 1871
- Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
- Population: 167,093.[65]
- 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
- 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
- 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens.[5]
- 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
- 1897
- Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
- Population: 209,540.[66]
20th century
- 1901 – Population: 236,635.
- 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established.[67]
- 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
- 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens.[68]
- 1925 – Non Mollare newspaper begins publication.[64]
- 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli (church) built.
- 1931 – Population: 304,160.
- 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
- 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating.[2]
- 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built.[68]
- 1943
- German occupation begins.
- 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
- 1944
- 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence
- 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
- 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established.[67]
- 1961 – Population: 436,516.
- 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River.[2]
- 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi (hospital) built.
- 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
- 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
- 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
- 1991 – Population: 403,294.
- 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing.[2]
- 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
- 1997 – City website online (approximate date).[69]
21st century
- 2001 – Population: 356,118.
- 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
- 2009
- Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
- Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
- 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
- 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province.[70]
- 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
- 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.
See also
Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)
- Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
- Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
- Timeline of Grosseto, Tuscany
- Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
- Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
- Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
- Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
- Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
- Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
- Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
- Timeline of Siena, Tuscany
