Tokyo subway

There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

• Tokyo Metro – run by the Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd., formerly a statutory corporation called the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), it was converted into a kabushiki gaisha (joint-stock company) in 2004. It currently operates 180 stations on nine lines and 195.0 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route.^[1]
• Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 106 stations on four lines and 109.0 kilometers (67.7 mi) of route.^[4]

As of 2023^[update], the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 286 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of 304.0 kilometers (188.9 mi). The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.^[5] Despite being ranked second overall in worldwide subway usage (after the Shanghai Metro) as of 2019, subways make up a relatively small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 286 out of 938 railway stations, as of 2020.^[6] The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see Transport in Greater Tokyo).^[7] Other urban commuter rail systems include Keikyu Corporation (formerly the Keihin Electric Express Railway), Keio Corporation, Keisei Electric Railway, Odakyu Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tobu Railway and Tokyu Corporation.

More information Sign, Line ...

Sign	Line	Japanese	Length	Daily ridership (FY2024)[8]	Opened
	Tokyo Metro
	Chiyoda Line	千代田線	24.0 km	2,351,802	1969
	Chiyoda Line Branch Line	千代田線分岐線	2.6 km		1979
	Fukutoshin Line	副都心線	20.2 km	1,111,014	1994
	Ginza Line	銀座線	14.3 km	1,974,806	1927
	Hanzōmon Line	半蔵門線	16.8 km	1,945,116	1978
	Hibiya Line	日比谷線	20.3 km	2,268,322	1961
	Marunouchi Line	丸ノ内線	27.4 km	2,520,940	1954
	Marunouchi Line Branch Line	丸ノ内線分岐線	3.2 km		1962
	Namboku Line	南北線	21.3 km	1,036,470	1991
	Tōzai Line	東西線	30.8 km	2,609,114	1964
	Yūrakuchō Line	有楽町線	28.3 km	2,092,194	1974
	Toei Subway
	Asakusa Line	浅草線	18.3 km	1,457,778	1960
	Mita Line	三田線	26.5 km	1,292,710	1968
	Shinjuku Line	新宿線	23.5 km	1,480,760	1978
	Ōedo Line	大江戸線	40.7 km	1,777,914	1991

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In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

• The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010.^[9]
• The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
• The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
• The Yamanote Line and Chūō Line (Rapid) are not subway lines, but a surface commuter loop line (Yamanote Line) and a cross-city line that operate with metro-like frequencies. They are owned by JR East, act as key transportation arteries in central Tokyo, and are often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

The Yokohama Subway and the Minatomirai Line also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly connected to the Tokyo subway network. However, direct through services from the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line regularly run into Yokohama's Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line.

• 1915: The Ministry of Communications opened an underground tunnel exclusively for mail transport between Tokyo Station and the Tokyo Central Post Office. The tunnel originally contained rail tracks, which were abandoned and removed in 1941. The passage was subsequently repaved and converted for use by electric traction vehicles. The tunnel continued to be used for mail transport until 1978, when operations ceased.^[10][11]

• 1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社) opens Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on 30 December 1927, publicizing it as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line is only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
• 1938: Tokyo Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社) opens its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-day Omotesando) and Toranomon.
• 1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extends its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and starts an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
• 1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merge under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団, Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsu Eidan) by the local government.
• 1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opens between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
• 1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opens between Oshiage and Asakusa.
• 1968: Toei Subway Line 6 (currently the Toei Mita Line) opens between Shimura Station (renamed Takashimadaira Station in 1969) and Sugamo Station.
• 1991: The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
• 1995: On 20 March, the Tokyo subway sarin attack occurs on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people are injured and 13 people are killed. All three lines cease operation for the whole day.
• 2000: The Namboku Line opens between Tameike-sanno Station and Meguro Station and the Toei Mita Line opens between Mita Station and Meguro Station, with both lines sharing infrastructure between Meguro Station and Shirokane-takanawa Station. Additionally, both lines start through service with the Tokyu Meguro Line.
• 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority is privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
• 2008: The Fukutoshin Line opens.
• 2013: The Fukutoshin Line starts through service with the Tokyu Toyoko Line.
• 2023: The Toei Mita Line, the Namboku Line, and the Fukutoshin Line start through service with the Tōkyū Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sōtetsu Main Line and the Izumino Line via the Tokyu Meguro Line (Toei Mita Line and Namboku Line) and the Tokyu Toyoko Line (Fukutoshin Line).

Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

• For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations.^[12] The Passnet magnetic card system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its own Suica system). The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system may be slightly less than for users of paper tickets, as fares are calculated in ¥1 increments on stored fare cards whereas paper tickets are calculated at ¥10 increments.
• The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the Toei map represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the Tokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in the Greater Tokyo Area operate through services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. Through services operate on all lines except Tokyo Metro Ginza and Marunouchi Lines and Toei Ōedo Line. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

• Tokyo Metro
  • List of Tokyo Metro stations
• Toei Subway
  • List of Toei Subway stations
• Tokyo Underground Railway
• Tokyo Rapid Railway
• List of urban rail systems in Japan
• Tokyo Metropolitan Subway Construction Company