Tonalism

The French Barbizon school artists emphasized mood and shadow.^[1] The movement was eventually eclipsed by Impressionism and European modernism.^[2]

American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915,^[3] dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style.^[4]

During the late 1890s, American art critics began to use the term "tonal" to describe these works, as well as the lesser-known synonyms Quietism and Intimism.^[5][6] Two of the leading associated painters were George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.^[7]

Australian Tonalism emerged as an art movement in Melbourne during the 1910s when it was promoted as a method of 'scientific' realist painting by Max Meldrum through his art school.^[8][9][10]

St Ives artists were the leading exponents of this style in British landscape painting.^[11]

In Canada the movement emerged in the 1890s through the influence of the American, Whistler.^[12]

• 
  Albert Pinkham Ryder, Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens (1888 - 1891), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
• 
  George Inness, Summer Landscape, 1894
• 
  John H. Twachtman, The White Bridge, c. 1895, Minneapolis Institute of Arts
• 
  Leon Dabo, The Seashore, c. 1900; Oil on masonite; 76.8 x 86.4 cm
• 
  John Francis Murphy, Brooding New York landscape, c. 1900

• California Tonalism
• Australian Tonalism
• List of paintings by James McNeill Whistler