Tudun
Ancient Göktürk government position
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Function
The tudun served as the personal representative of the khaganate government in subordinate or conquered territories, combining administrative and diplomatic functions.[1] In this capacity the tudun supervised the collection of tribute for remittance to the khagan's court and administered local affairs on behalf of the central government.[1]
In the Western Turkic Khaganate, the title formed part of the upper tier of administrative grades alongside the yabgu, shad, and tegin.[1]
Usage by polity
Göktürks
The title originated with the First Göktürk Khaganate as an instrument for governing conquered or subordinate territories. The tudun's primary obligation was ensuring tribute reached the khagan.[1]
Western Turkic Khaganate and Sogdia
Sogdian territories under Western Turkic control were administered using Turkic titles alongside indigenous Sogdian administrative ranks. The tudun worked in parallel with local Sogdian officials bearing titles such as the ikhshid and afshin.[2]
Khazar Khaganate
In the Khazar Khaganate, tuduns administered border fortresses and governed subordinate settlements across the khaganate's territory.[1]
Avar Khaganate
The Pannonian Avars employed the tudun as a senior official of the khaganate. A tudun of the Pannonian Avars was baptized at the court of Charlemagne in 795, having been sent there to render submission by the Khagan and Jugurrus following sustained Frankish military pressure on the Avar fortified enclosures.[3]