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History

Significant numbers of Haitians immigrated to New York City in the 1960s during François Duvalier's dictatorship and in the 1990s during the political instability following the overthrow of Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who was democratically elected president in 1991.^[1] In 1999, an estimated 600,000 Haitian Americans lived in the New York metropolitan area, and an estimated 300,000 lived in South Florida.^[1][2]

During the 1990s, two Haitian-born journalists, Yves Colon of the Miami Herald and Garry Pierre-Pierre of The New York Times, wrote news serving Haitian Americans.^[2][3] The two discussed aspirations for a newspaper that would report on Haiti without a political agenda and bring attention to the achievements of Haitian immigrants. They chose the name The Haitian Times over The Haiti Times to reflect the focus on the Haitian diaspora. The newspaper was planned to be in English.^[3] In contrast, the existing newspapers serving Haitian Americans, Haïti en Marche in Miami, Florida, and Haïti Observateur and Haïti Progrès in New York City, are written in French.^[1][4] Colon and Pierre-Pierre avoided French and Haitian Creole because of their sociolinguistic divide: in Haiti, the upper-class speaks French and the lower-class speaks Creole.^[2][5] Colon said, "All divisions between our languages are erased in English", and he observed that second-generation immigrants spoke English comfortably.^[3] Many Haitian-American newspapers also held strong political alignments, though they wished to stay impartial.^[1][3]

Colon and Pierre-Pierre financed The Haitian Times with their own money and by selling shares to Haitian-American investors, such as business owners, physicians, friends and white-collar workers. Pierre-Pierre remarked that "the only non-Haitian investor is my father-in-law."^[3][5] Colon took a year-long leave of absence from the Miami Herald, and Pierre-Pierre quit The New York Times.^[5] The main office of The Haitian Times was located on Court Street in Brooklyn, and other offices were establised in Colon's home in Miami and in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.^[1][5] The first edition was published on October 20, 1999.^[3] Initially, the newspaper employed 15 staff and printed 40,000 copies each week, which leveled off to 20,000 copies by 2004 after its audience solidified.^[1][4]

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Reception

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References

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• Evelly, Jeanmarie (December 5, 2019). "Haitian Times' Publisher on 20 Years Covering the Diaspora". City Limits. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2025.

Biography

Janine Tavernier was born on 23 May 1935 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti,^[1] one year after the end of United States occupation.^[2] She completed primary and secondary education at the Sacré-Coeur de Turgeau (Sacred Heart of Turgeau). Tavernier married young, around 1959, to Gervais A. Louis.^[3]

Style and themes

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References

Works cited

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• Marcelin, Émile [in French] (1906). Médaillons littéraires : Poètes et prosateurs haïtiens (in French). Imprimerie de l'Abeille.
• Morpeau, Louis (1925). Anthologie d'un siècle de poésie haïtienne, 1817–1925 (in French). Bossard. OCLC 00993102.

Use with caution

• Manigat, Leslie F. (2003). Eventail d'histoire vivante d'Haïti : des préludes à la révolution de Saint Domingue jusqu'à nos jours (1789–2003) (in French). Vol. 3. Collection du CHUDAC. ISBN 978-99935-2-039-9.
• Péan, Leslie J. R. (2006). Haïti : économie politique de la corruption (in French). Vol. 3. Maisonneuve et Larose. ISBN 978-2-7068-1937-7.
• Stevens, Margaret (2017). Red International and Black Caribbean: Communists in New York City, Mexico and the West Indies, 1919–1939. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-3727-2.

Works cited

Biography

Rodney Winter was born on July 5, 1996, in Hamilton, Ontario.^[1] He^[a] grew up listening to new wave music his parents played, such as the band Tears for Fears.^[4] Winter was impressed by dubstep producers such as Skrillex in the early 2010s.^[5] At age 14, while playing the video game World of Warcraft, another player in his dungeon told him about the genre.^[4] Afterward, he discovered and downloaded FL Studio. Winter produced dubstep music for a few years and gained a small audience.^[6] He initially released music as Drainpuppet on SoundCloud before using the moniker Blackwinterwells.^[7] Shifting from dubstep, he began producing future bass and dance music with a sad atmosphere. Inspired by Lil Peep and Bladee, he began producing cloud rap around 2018.^[5] He founded the musical collective Helix Tears that year.^[8] Winter had previously not felt confident recording vocals, but after Lil Peep died, he felt a sense of urgency to practice more. According to Dazed, he considered Lil Peep a "reason for being".^[9] By 2019, Winter had 400 followers on SoundCloud.^[4]

Winter eventually became involved in the hyperpop scene, a community of musicians creating loud and energetic pop music, and found many close friends.^[5] His association with the scene solidified in 2020 when he produced the song "Bad Idea" for Quinn.^[10] Both were in the same Discord server consisting of around 50 young musicians. During a video call in February, he sent a glitchy beat with harsh synths to her, and she quickly recorded vocals about a recent argument she had on Twitter.^[11] Winter was so excited by the song, which received 10,000 plays on SoundCloud in a few days, that he had trouble sleeping.^[9] "Bad Idea" was placed on Spotify's "Hyperpop" playlist and received over one million streams on the platform by November.^[11] "Iris" released.^{[citation needed]}

Winter's output as Blackwinterwells greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and he retired the moniker Drainpuppet to pursue new interests. He released his first two albums in 2020: Seraph in April and Stone Ocean in October.^[7] Each track of Stone Ocean has one or two features from glitchcore musicians in Helix Tears, which was initially dedicated to cloud rap but became associated with hyperpop.^[12] Teodor Zetko of Exclaim! enjoyed the production and worldbuilding of certain tracks. He praised Winter for publicizing and embracing the musicians in the scene and thought D0llywood1's feature on the first and last tracks represented a "cyber-circle of life."^[13]

As of 2021, Winter was a member of the hyperpop collective Bloodhounds.^[9] Many singles in 2021,^[7] such as "Omen". Winter released the extended play Sulfur in March 2022. His album Crystal Shards, released in April by Eyeball Records... He released the album Protector in December.^{[citation needed]} Winter toured North America with Fish Narc and 8485 in 2022.^[14] In November 2023, Winter performed as a supporting act in Paris and London during the Pitchfork Music Festival.^[15] That month, he recorded a cover of "An Honest Mistake" by the Bravery for a compilation album by The Fader benefitting transgender charities.^[16]

Musical style

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Notes

References

Works cited