User:Mbbradford

Students of music and intonation learn to adjust the equal tempered pitch to achieve the pure sound of just tuning intervals. By assuming that the root of the chord that musicians are presently playing is assigned to the pitch from the equal tempered scale, then all other notes can be played with a pitch adjustment relative to the tonic root. The pitch adjustment can be accomplished by ear -- holding the tonic steady and modifying the other harmonic pitches until a just interval is achieved (as evident by absence of beats). The pitch can also be adjusted by learning the cent adjustments for each interval relative to the tonic root and practicing with a tuning meter until the ear is trained.

While tedious in moving passages, power and purity is added by just intervals in the sustained tones of fourths and fifths of orchestral brass sections as well as the typical major and minor triads of the full ensemble.

As one example, the adjustments are derived relative to the equal tempered pitch for one octave from C3 to C4. Frequencies of the equal tempered scale are exactly 100 cents per semitone. Frequencies for the just intervals are derived relative to the equal tempered pitch of the tonic note. Comparing the frequencies, the adjustments in cents are derived.

The table is used together with a meter. Relative to a C-major base, the note E must be played -13.7 cents flat on the meter to achieve just intonation for a major third. Likewise relative to an E major base, the note E is played equal to the equal tempered pitch and the note G# is played -13.7 cents flat to achieve the just intonation for a major third.

Key:

Interval = Most Important -- LEARN THESE FIRST

Interval = Also Important -- Learn These Next

The motivation behind fuel efficiency testing is to enable the consumer to estimate the fuel they personnaly would use when shopping for new vehicles and comparing vehicle makes and types. Standardized test procedures are mandated and the results are posted on the sticker on new vehicles. The intent is to allow consumers to make informed choices regarding the fuel economy before their purchase.

Unfortunately, the existing metric used, Miles per gallon, is often misunderstood by the very consumers that were intended to be educated. It is a widely held fallacy that a few miles per gallon difference between 10 mpg and 13 mpg is relatively small, yet the fuel savings of changing from a 30 mpg car to a 60mpg hybrid car are huge.

A better metric would encourage consumers to think in gallons of fuel used. The metric “gallons per 100 miles” is a preferred metric as typical consumers are able to estimate gallons used accurately in their heads. For example, a vehicle which is rated at 20 miles per gallon will be equivalent to 5 gallons per 100 miles. For a typical driver who accumulates 200 miles per week, the fuel used is 10 gallons.

• is overwhelming for the newly diagnosed
  • learning curve
  • calculations and record keeping
  • honeymoon unpredictability

• infants and toddlers
  • insulin sensetivity
  • tools do not support accurate measurement and delivery of small doses
  • difficulty in measuring foods actually eaten

• sensitivity changes with
  • exercise
  • illness
  • menses
  • growth spurts

• the optimal insulin to carbohydrate ratio varies
  • person to person
  • time of day (breakfast ratio is often different from the lunch ratio).
  • over time.

• Limitations of a linear model
  • non-linear response to a high BG
  • non-linear response when ketones are presents
  • somogyi effect

• correction factor varies as a function of time of day
• dawn effect
• constant evaluation of basal rates and bolus ratios
• aggressive use of insulin to achieve target levels while also avoiding hypoglycemia.
  • targets are becoming tighter as we learn the benefits (DCCT)