User:Nardog
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| “ | You'd be amazed at the number of times I've been with top professors in the field and I've asked them a question and they've said, 'I'm not too sure about that, let me check', and gone straight to Wikipedia. | ” |
| — Brady Haran | ||
Misconceptions
"The 'true' IPA is that which describes speech as closely as possible."
| “ | [I]t must remain a general principle to leave out everything self-evident, and everything that can be explained once for all. This allows us to dispense almost completely with the modifiers, and with a good many other signs, except in scientific works and in introductory explanations. We write English fill and French fil the same way fil; yet the English vowel is 'wide' and the French 'narrow', and the English l is formed much further back than the French. If we wanted to mark these differences, we should write English fìl꭪, French fíl꭫. But we need not do so: we know, once for all, that English short i is always ì, and French i always í; that English l is always l꭪ and French l always l꭫. | ” |
| — Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association (1904), p. 10 | ||
"There are only two kinds of phonetic transcription: broad (phonemic) and narrow (allophonic)."
| “ | If the relevant phonological system is known, a transcription can be devised which includes any number of additional symbols to indicate the phonetic realizations of the phonemes. ... Narrowness is regarded as a continuum, so that [tʃɛkðəlɛnzwɛɫ] might be regarded as a slightly narrow (or 'narrowed') transcription, and [tʃe̞ʔ͡kð̞əlɛ̃nzwæ̠ɫ] as very narrow ... the realizational information which is not explicit in a particular allophonic transcription is, in principle, provided by conventions. | ” |
| — Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (1999), pp. 29–30 | ||
"The International Phonetic Alphabet is, at its core, a phonetic alphabet."
| “ | 1. There should be a separate sign for each distinctive sound; that is, for each sound which, being used instead of another, in the same language, can change the meaning of a word.
2. When any sound is found in several languages, the same sign should be used in all. This applies also to very similar shades of sound. |
” |
| — Text introducing the very first version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (1888) | ||
| “ | The IPA is designed to be a set of symbols for representing all the possible sounds of the world's languages. The representation of these sounds uses a set of phonetic categories which describe how each sound is made. These categories define a number of natural classes of sounds that operate in phonological rules and historical sound changes. The symbols of the IPA are shorthand ways of indicating certain intersections of these categories. Thus [p] is a shorthand way of designating the intersection of the categories voiceless, bilabial, and plosive; [m] is the intersection of the categories voiced, bilabial, and nasal; and so on. The sounds that are represented by the symbols are primarily those that serve to distinguish one word from another in a language. | ” |
| — "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association" (1989) | ||
"There is 'the IPA for [a language]'."
| “ | There can be many systems of phonemic transcription for the same variety of a language, all of which conform fully to the principles of the IPA. ... In English, for example, the contrast between the words bead and bid has phonetic correlates in both vowel quality and vowel duration. A phonemic representation which explicitly notes this might use the symbols /iː/ and /ɪ/ ... But it is equally possible unambiguously to represent these phonemes as /iː/ and /i/ ..., or as /i/ and /ɪ/ ... All three pairs of symbols are in accord with the principles of the IPA ... The IPA does not provide a phonological analysis for a particular language, let alone a single 'correct' transcription, but rather the resources to express any analysis so that it is widely understood. | ” |
| — Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (1999), p. 30 | ||
"There is one correct way to syllabify English words."
| “ | ˈkʌs.təm | ” |
| — Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary | ||
| “ | ˈkʌst əm | ” |
| — Longman Pronunciation Dictionary | ||
| “ | \ˈkə-stəm\ | ” |
| — Merriam-Webster.com | ||
User scripts
Extra functionality
- CatChangesViewer – Lists recent category additions/removals on a category page.
- CodeEditorAssist – Allows customizing the code editor, e.g. changing the color theme and disabling live autocompletion.
- Consecudiff – Adds links to diffs of consecutive edits by the same user on watchlist, history, etc.
- CopyCodeBlock – Adds a button to copy the content of each code block (
<pre>). - CopySectLink – Adds a button to copy the unencoded page title or section path next to each heading.
- MoveHistory – Lists the past moves a page has gone through.
- RCMuter – Hides specified users' edits on Watchlist/RecentChanges.
- SmartDiff – Makes links and template calls in diffs clickable (supports red links, avoids WP:SEAOFBLUE).
Editing assistance
- DiffUndo – Adds an undo button to each line on the diff while editing.
- ExpandContractions – Expands contractions.
- InsertAnyChar – Insert any character by exploring or searching in the entire Unicode chart.
- IPAInput – Type in IPA symbols by directly looking at an IPA key like Help:IPA/English and clicking on the symbols.
- RefRenamer – Replaces reference names like ":0" with descriptive ones like "Smith-2015".
- Unpipe – Converts each piped link to a non-piped one if both lead to the same article, enforcing WP:NOPIPE.
Itch scratchers
- AutoSectionLink – Adds or refines the
/* section link */as you edit so only the modified section will be linked in the summary. - AutoTestcases – Autofills "Preview page with this template" with the most relevant /testcases page that exists.
- PasteToCommons – Upload an image to Commons from anywhere on the site by pasting it.
- SortCentralAuthByEditCount – Sorts the list of local accounts on CentralAuth by edit count.
Pronunciation sources
Dictionaries
- Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (authoritative)
- Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (authoritative)
- The Oxford/Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (generally reliable but these may help)
- Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation
- OneLook (powerful meta search—but not for new words)
- A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English (1944; authoritative but outdated)
- Merriam-Webster (most reliable, comprehensive and up-to-date for AmE; direct descendant of Kenyon & Knott; see Wells 12 Oct '06 for how they compile pronunciations)
- The Free Dictionary (a good deal of specialized [especially medical] dictionaries)
- OED/Australian/Canadian/New Zealand Oxford Dictionary (pronunciations are free)
Video transcripts
Generally reliable
- Say How?
- The ABC Book
- Voice of America Pronunciation Guide
- ABC Pronounce (some respellings appear inconsistent)
- TeachingBooks Author & Illustrator Pronunciation Guide
- BBC Pronunciation Unit blog
Not citable but potentially useful
- Forvo
- Behind the Name
- Forebears (for guessing name origins)
- The Name Engine
- NameShouts
Weirdly prescriptive and often inaccurate
User-generated junk
- Howjsay, Inogolo, Pronounce Names
"my name is ...","i'm ...","..." "pronounced","..." "rhymes with", etc.
Search within Wikipedia
insource:"IPA xx" intitle:...
Specialties
Places
- A Guide to the Pronunciation of Canadian Place Names (1959 [1938])
- Georgia Place-Names (1999 [1975])
- Idaho Pronunciation Guide
- Illinois Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing Iowa Place Names: An Audio Guide
- Michigan.gov Pronunciation Guide
- A Pronunciation Guide to places in Ohio
- Texas Almanac Pronunciation Guide
- Washington Names: A Pronunciation Guide of Washington State Place Names (1964)
- MissPronouncer: A halfway decent audio pronunciation guide for Wisconsin
- AP: Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, Washington
Non-English
- CNRTL
- Den Danske Ordbog
- DiPI
- Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia
- Duden
- Igbo Names
- Irish Pronunciation Database
- Larousse
- Det Norske Akademis Ordbok
- Ordbogen.com
- Online Scots Dictionary
- Släktnamn i Norden: med uttalsuppgifter
- Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter
- Svenska språknämndens uttalsordbok
- Woorden.org
- YorubaName.com
Lots of others
