User:Zhen Lin/Japanese morphology chart

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Main chart

More information Base, Verbs ...
Base Verbs Adjectives Use
godan ichidan ka-hen sa-hen keiyōshi keiyōdōshi
iku aru kami shimo na ta
Example ka-ku i-ku a-ru goza-ru m-iru tab-eru kuru suru kuro-i shizuka-na dōdō-to
mizenkei ~a ka ra ra i e ko se kara nara tara All: negative: -zu, -nu, -n. Non-v5: negative subjunctive: -mai.
shi All: negative: -nai. suru: negative subjunctive: -mai.
~o ko ro ro karo daro v5: subjunctive: -u. Non-v5: subjunctive: -yō. Adjectives: subjunctive: -u.
renyōkei ~i ki ri i i e ki shi Verbs: polite: -masu. gozaru-type: imperative.
ri ku de All: listing. Adjectives: predicative: aru; negative: nai.
ni to Verbs: various. Adjectives: adverbial. Keiyōshi: -te.
Varies kat dat All: past/perfective: -ta. Verbs: -te.
shūshikei ~u ku ru ru iru eru kuru suru i da All: predicative; subjunctive: -rashii, sō-da. Verbs: requirement: beki. v5: negative subjunctive: -mai.
rentaikei na All: attributive; subjunctive: yō -da; nominalisation: no, (n), mono. Verbs: nominalisation: koto.
naru taru
kateikei ~e ke re re ire ere kure sure kere nara All: conditional: ba. Keiyōdōshi: conditional.
meireikei ~e ke re re iro ero koi shiro kare nare tare All: imperative.
~eru keru reru reru irareru erareru korareru dekiru Verbs: possibility.
~areru kareru rareru rareru irareru erareru korareru sareru Verbs: spontaneity, passive, respect, (possibility).
~aseru kaseru raseru raseru isaseru esaseru kosaseru saseru Verbs: causative, respect.
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Chart of -te/-ta for godan verbs

More information k, g ...
k g s t n b m r w Irr.
Example ka-ku oyo-gu ka-su ta-tsu shi-nu aso-bu yo-mu kae-ru ka-u iku
-te ite ide shite tte nde tte
-ta ita ida shita tta nda tta
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Auxilliaries

More information Base, Assert. ...
Base Assert. Pol. Past Neg. Use
da desu masu ta nu (n)
mizenkei mase masu: negative: -n.
daro desho masho taro All: subjunctive: -u.
renyōkei de mashi tari zu All: listing. masu: imperative. nu: adverbial.
dat deshi Assertion: past/perfective -ta. masu: past/perfective -ta; -te.
shūshikei da desu masu ta nu All: predicative. masu: negative subjunctive: -mai.
n
rentaikei masu nu All: attributive.
taru n
kateikei nara tara ne All: conditional.
meireikei mase masu: imperative.
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Classical conjugation

  • i, o and e represent kōrui or neutralised i, o and e.
  • ï, ö and ë represent otsurui i, o and e.
  • The kō-otsu distinction is only made with:
    • ki, fi, mi, gi, bi
    • ke, fe, me, ge, me
    • ko, so, to, (mo), yo, ro, go, zo, do
  • The e of keru, to kick, the only shimo-ichidan verb, does not have an attested distinction between kōrui or otsurui e.
  • The i of miru, to curve, is thought to be otsurui, but it is not well-attested. All other kami-ichidan verbs are kōrui, if a kō-otsu distinction is made at all.
  • Thanks to Bart Mathias for providing information on the kō-otsu distinctions.
More information Base, Verbs ...
Base Verbs Adjectives
yodan nidan ichidan ra-hen na-hen ka-hen sa-hen keiyōshi keiyōdōshi
kami shimo kami shimo ku shiku nari tari
Example kak-u kar-u tab-u m-iru k-eru ar-i shin-u ku su yo-ki kana-shiki shizuka-nari dōdō-tari
mizenkei a i e i e a a kö se kara shikara nara tara
ku shiku
renyōkei i i e i e i i ki shi ku shiku ni to
kari shikari nari tari
shūshikei u u u iru eru i u ku su shi shi nari tari
rentaikei u uru uru iru eru u uru kuru suru ki shiki naru taru
karu shikaru
izenkei ë ure ure ire ere e ure kure sure kere shikere nare tare
meireikei e i e i e e e kö se kare shikare nare tare
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