Voiced uvular tap and flap
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɢ̆⟩ or ⟨ʀ̆⟩ in IPA
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In the context of phonetics, a voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩,[1] since the two have never been reported to contrast and a uvular tap or flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.
| Voiced uvular tap or flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɢ̆ | |||
| ʀ̆ | |||
| IPA number | 112 505 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɢ̆ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0262 U+0306 | ||
| |||
In some languages a uvular tap is reported is said to vary allophonically with a uvular trill, and is most likely a single-contact trill [ʀ̆] rather than an actual tap or flap [ɢ̆] in these languages.
Features
Features of a voiced uvular tap or flap:
- Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch[2] | rood | [ʀ̆oːt] | 'red' | More common than a uvular trill.[3] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Northumbrian | red | [ɢ̆ɛd] | 'red' | Tap,[4][5] or also a tapped fricative,[6] most usually a plain fricative. See Northumbrian burr |
| German | Standard[7] | Ehre | [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] | 'honor' | Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill.[7] See Standard German phonology |
| Hiu[8] | [βɔ̞ʀ̆] | 'hibiscus' | |||
| Ibibio[9] | ufʌkọ | [úfʌ̟̀ɢ̆ɔ̞] | 'summary' | Intervocalic allophone of /k/; may be a velar approximant [ɰ] instead.[9] | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect[10] | weuren | [ˈβ̞øːʀ̆ən] | '(they) were' | Possible intervocalic allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [ɾ] instead.[10] See Hasselt dialect phonology |
| Okanagan | Southern[11] | ʕaləp | [ɢ̆àlə́p] | 'lose' | Allophone of /ʕ/; corresponds to [ʕ] in other dialects.[11] |
| Supyire[12] | tadugugo | [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] | 'place to go up' | May be in free variation with [ɡ].[12] | |
| Wahgi[13] | [example needed] | Allophone of /ʟ̝/.[13] | |||
| Yiddish | Standard[14] | בריק | [bʀ̆ɪk] | 'bridge' | Less commonly a trill [ʀ]; can be alveolar [ɾ ~ r] instead.[14] See Yiddish phonology |