Vanand

Vanand (Armenian: Վանանդ) is the area of historic Armenia that roughly corresponds to the Kars Province of present-day Turkey. Named after the Armenian family of Vanandi (derived from the Bulgar chieftain Vund), it was a principality of the Kingdom of Armenia and a later province of the Democratic Republic of Armenia. Its historic capital was the city of Kars.^{[citation needed]}

The region fell to numerous invaders including the Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, Persians, and the Ottoman Turks.^{[citation needed]} After the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire acquired the region at the Congress of Berlin.^{[citation needed]} The area still retained a substantial Armenian population, but after World War I, most of it was decimated during the Turkish-Armenian War in 1920.^{[citation needed]}

This region was passed to Turkish control by the Treaty of Alexandropol and the Treaty of Kars.^[1]'^[a]