ZIL-4104

The ZIL-4104 was^{[citation needed]} a limousine built by ZiL from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, when it served as the transport of the elite of the Soviet Union. It is estimated that no more than fifty cars were produced each year.

Originally designated ZIL-115,^[1] the ZIL-4104 was an update of the ZIL-114 with which it shared the same chassis and over half its mechanical components.^[2] Despite sharing the same chassis, the ZIL-4104 was as much as 314 kg (692 lb) heavier than the 114.

Mechanically, the ZIL-4104 also improved on the 114. The V8 pushrod engine of the 114 had its stroke increased from 95 to 105 mm (3.7 to 4.1 in). With a 108 mm (4.3 in) bore, this meant the capacity increased from 6,959 to 7,695 cc (425 to 470 cu in),^[3] which was throughout the model's lifespan one of the world's biggest passenger-car engines (Cadillac produced a 7,730 cc (472 cu in) engine, enlarged to 8,200 cc (500 cu in)). This engine developed 235 kW (315 hp) SAE Gross at 4,400 rpm and a substantial 608 N⋅m (448 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm.^[4]

Among its special features were special laminated windscreen and triple-layered windows, supposedly offering protection from radiation in case of nuclear attack, plus duplicated systems, including dual ignition, two 74-amp batteries in parallel, and two fuel pumps.^[5]

The console and dash were covered with 10 mm (0.39 in) thick birch grown in Karelia, and the rear seat controlled radio (a Riga receiver), power windows, heater, and air conditioner; in the console in front was a Vilma cassette player.^[6]

The fuel tank was 120 L (32 US gal; 26 imp gal) and the car used leaded 95 octane petrol, getting 22 L/100 km (11 mpg_‑US; 13 mpg_‑imp).^[7]

By 1984, a new three-speed automatic transmission had replaced the much outdated two-speed type that had been used by ZIL dating back to the first ZIL-111 in 1958.

As official state cars, the ZIL-4104s were "built under conditions of strict secrecy" and were "maintained in closed garages by a special division of the KGB", with everyone involved in building and servicing them sworn to secrecy.^[8]