1390s in England
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Events from the 1390s in England.
Incumbents
- Monarch â Richard II (to 30 September 1399), then Henry IV
Events
- 1390
- Parliament passes a statute forbidding retainers to wear livery whilst off-duty.[1]
- Statute of Provisors prohibits clergy from accepting benefices from the Pope.[1]
- September â the future King Henry IV of England supports the Teutonic Knights at the siege of Vilnius in the Lithuanian Civil War.[2]
- John Gower's poem Confessio Amantis is completed.
- 1391
- Parliament re-asserts royal prerogatives.[1]
- 1392
- King Richard II retakes control of London.[1]
- Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester created Lieutenant of Ireland but forbidden to actually travel there.[1]
- Penistone Grammar School, which will in the late 20th century become one of the first community comprehensive schools in England, is founded near Barnsley.
- 1393
- Hundred Years' War: Peace negotiations between England and France at Calais.[1]
- Rebellion in northern England protesting at peace negotiations with France is quickly suppressed.[1]
- Statute of Praemunire makes it an offence to promote Papal bulls or excommunications.[1]
- The hammerbeam roof of Westminster Hall is commissioned from royal carpenter Hugh Herland.[3]
- Approximate date â Julian of Norwich begins to write Revelations of Divine Love about her sixteen mystical visions.[1]
- 1394
- 2 October â King Richard leads an expedition to Ireland to enforce his rule there.[4]
- 25 December â Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale.[1]
- First scholars enter Winchester College.
- 1395
- 15 May â Richard leaves Ireland, having achieved his objectives.[1]
- Lollard manifesto The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards attached to the doors of St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.[1]
- 1396
- 9 March â Hundred Years' War: 28-year truce signed with France.[1]
- 25 September â Thomas Arundel succeeds William Courtenay as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 31 October â marriage of the widowed Richard II of England (29) and 6-year-old Isabella of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI of France.
- 1397
- 10 February â John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset.
- 6 June â Richard Whittington is nominated as Lord Mayor of London for the first time.
- 12 July â Richard II attempts to reassert authority over his kingdom by arresting members of the group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant.
- September â Parliament condemns the Lords Appellant, impeaching Duke of Gloucester, Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel (who is executed), and Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (who is imprisoned).[1]
- 29 September â John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter by his half-brother Richard II. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's nephew, is created Duke of Surrey.
- 8 November â Roger Walden enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury after Thomas Arundel is banished from the realm by King Richard II.
- 1398
- 27 January â Parliament meets at Shrewsbury and annuls the acts of the 1388 Parliament.[1]
- 16 September â King Richard stops a duel between his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke, and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk.[1]
- October â King Richard II exiles both Henry Bolingbroke and the Duke of Norfolk for ten years in order to end their feud.[1]
- Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey.
- 1399
- 3 February â death of John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II and father of Henry Bolingbroke.[1]
- 18 March â Richard II cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's land.[1]
- 23 April â Saint George's Day in England is first officially celebrated as a holiday.[5]
- 29 May â Richard travels to Ireland to suppress a rebellion.[1]
- 4 July â Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated land.[4]
- 19 August â having returned from Ireland, Richard is taken prisoner by Henry's followers at Conway Castle.[1]
- 29 September â abdication of Richard II, the second time for an English monarch.[6]
- 30 September â Parliament accepts Henry Bolingbroke as the new king,[1] the first since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue is English rather than French.[7]
- 13 October â coronation of Henry IV of England.[6]
- 21 October â Thomas Arundel is restored as Archbishop of Canterbury, replacing Roger Walden.
- First definite record of beer (rather than ale) being brewed in England, at Great Yarmouth by Peter Woutersone, a "Ducheman".[8]
Births
- 1390
- 3 October â Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)
- 27 December â Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the throne (died 1411)
- John Dunstaple, composer (died 1453)
- 1391
- 6 November â Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, politician (died 1425)
- Thomas West, 2nd Baron West (died 1415)
- 1392
- 3 February â Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (died 1455)
- 3 August â John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (born at Calais; died 1432)
- 12 or 31 August â William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (executed 1461)
- 1394
- Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415)
- 1395
- 18 March â John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, military leader (died 1447)
- 7 September â Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, politician (died 1427)
- 1396
- 16 October â William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (died 1450)
- John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros (died 1421)
- 1398
- Approximate date
- James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (killed 1459)
- William Waynflete, born William Patten, Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (died 1486)
- Approximate date
- 1399
- Approximate date â William Canynge, merchant (died 1474)
Deaths
- 1390
- 14 August â John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, soldier (born 1364)
- 1392
- John Arderne, surgeon (born 1307)
- 1393
- 22 February â John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux (year of birth unknown)
- 6 August â John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (born 1365)
- 1394
- 17 March â John Hawkwood, mercenary (born 1320)
- 4 June â Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV (born c. 1369)
- 7 June â Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II (plague) (born 1366)
- 1396
- 31 July â William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1342)
- 29 November â Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem (born 1373)
- John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (born 1361)
- 1397
- 25 April â Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (born c. 1350)
- 3 June â William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, military leader (born 1328)
- 15 September â Adam Easton, Catholic Cardinal (year of birth unknown)
- 21 September â Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, military leader (executed) (born 1346)
- 1398
- 20 July â Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (born 1374)
- 1399
- 3 February â John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (born 1340)
- 24 March â Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk (born c. 1320)
- 29 July â William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (executed) (born 1350)
- 22 September â Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, politician (born 1366)