1805 in Russia

• Monarch – Alexander I

• Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
  • May 14: Treaty of Kurakchay - Karabakh Khanate vassalized
  • May 21: Shaki Khanate vassalized
  • July 3–27: Karyagin's Raid
  • October 20: Shoragel sultanate surrenders
  • December 27: Shirvan Khanate submits
• War of the Third Coalition against France
  • April 11: Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1805), Russia joins the alliance
  • Hanover Expedition - alliance occupation of the Electorate of Hanover
  • October 30: Battle of Mehrnbach
  • October 31: Battle of Lambach
  • November 3: Treaty of Potsdam (1805), Prussia to join alliance if negotiations with France failed
  • November 5: Battle of Amstetten
  • November 11: Battle of Dürenstein
  • November 16: Battle of Schöngrabern
  • November 28: Battle of Wischau
  • December 2: Battle of Austerlitz
• Russo-Tlingit War (1802-1805)
  • Tlingit destroy New Russia (trading post)
• Moscow Society of Naturalists founded
• Kharkov National Medical University founded
• Alexander Garden (Saint Petersburg) designed
• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Mary (Saint Petersburg) built
• Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium founded
• Yakutsk Oblast established

• Modest Ivanovich Bogdanovich, general and military historian (d. 1882)
• Nikanor Chernetsov, landscape painter (d. 1879)
• Solomon Dodashvili, Georgian writer and educator (d. 1836)
• Philaret Gumilevsky, Orthodox archbishop and church historian (d. 1866)
• Aleksandra Ishimova, translator and children's author (d. 1881)
• Pyotr Karatygin, actor, playwright, and writer (d. 1879)
• Andreas Roller, German born painter and set designer (d. 1891)
• Nikolay Ustryalov, historian (d. 1870)
• Illarion Vasilchikov, general (d. 1862)
• Dmitry Venevitinov, poet (d. 1827)
• Mariya Volkonskaya, wife of Decembrist Prince Sergey Volkonsky (d. 1863)
• Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg, sculptor (d. 1867)
• Vasily Zhivokini, comic actor (d. 1874)
• Maria Zhukova, writer (d. 1855)

• Pyotr Drozhdin, painter (b. 1745)
• Jacob Stepanovich Esipov, investor and businessman (b. ?)
• Anna Lopukhina, mistress of Paul I of Russia (b. 1777)
• Apollo Mussin-Pushkin, chemist and plant collector (b. 1760)
• Ivan Pnin, poet and political writer (b. 1773)
• Ivan Saltykov, field marshal, governor-general of Moscow (b. 1730)
• Fedot Shubin, sculptor (b. 1740)
• Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen, noble, aide-de-camp to Alexander I (b. 1782)
• Alexander Vorontsov, diplomat and Chancellor (b. 1741)
• Nikolay Alexandrovich Zubov, soldier, courtier, regicide (b. 1763)

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