1938 in Poland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is the list of events of the year 1938 in Poland.

Decades:

Incumbents

On May 15, 1936, president of Poland Ignacy MoÅcicki designed the government under prime minister Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski. The government was dissolved on September 30, 1939, and it was the last government of the Second Polish Republic which resided in Warsaw.

Members of the government

President of Poland â Ignacy MoÅcicki,
Prime Minister â Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski,
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Treasury â Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski,
Minister of Foreign Affairs â JÃ³zef Beck,
Minister of Justice â Witold Grabowski,
Minister of Military Affairs â Tadeusz Kasprzycki,
Minister of Agriculture â Juliusz Poniatowski,
Minister of Communication â Juliusz Ulrych,
Minister of Post Office and Telegraphs â Emil KaliÅski,
Minister of Religious Beliefs and Public Enlightenment â Wojciech ÅwiÄtosÅawski,
Minister of Industry and Trade â Antoni Roman.

Other personalities

Primate of Poland â August Hlond,
Eastern Orthodox Church Archbishop of Warsaw â Dionizy (Dionisij, real name Konstantyn Waledynski),
Chief Rabbi of Warsaw â vacant,
Marshall of the Sejm â Waclaw Makowski,
Marshall of the Senat â Boguslaw Miedzinski.

Events

January

January 1. In Tarnopol, a process of 51 members of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine ends. Izrael Wuhl is sentenced to 8 years in prison, Himmelstein Szapse â to 6 years. Altogether, 37 persons are sentenced. According to the government's statistics, as for January 1, 1938, there are 44 200 motor vehicles in Poland, including 9876 motorcycles. In 1937, 194,000 tourists visited the Eastern borderlands of Poland, with 66,000 of them visiting Wilno,
January 3. The Polish Road Congress begins at the Warsaw University of Technology. In Daugavpils, the 18th anniversary of the city's capturing by forces of the Polish Army under Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy is celebrated (see: Battle of Daugavpils),
January 11. General StanisÅaw SkwarczyÅski officially becomes leader of the Camp of National Unity,
January 13. Minister JÃ³zef Beck leaves Warsaw for the session of the League of Nations in Geneva, via Berlin,
January 15. Launching of the submarine OrzeÅ in the Dutch port of Vlissingen,
January 17. German military delegation visits Poland,
January 22. Professor Edmund Bulanda becomes chancellor of the Jan Kazimierz University in LwÃ³w. On the same day, a meteorological observatory is opened on the Kasprowy Wierch,
January 26. General Tadeusz Kutrzeba, while presenting a plan of possible military conflict with Nazi Germany, emphasizes that the Wehrmacht is three times stronger than the Polish Army,
January 28. JÃ³zef Beck gives a speech at the League of Nations session in Geneva
January 29. Empress of Iran, Tadj ol-Molouk, comes to Poland. In southern Poland, in Drohobycz and Boryslaw, violent hurricane destroys several oil rigs,
January 30. General Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski tours northeastern Poland â counties of Braslaw, ÅwiÄciany, Dzisna, and Postawy,
January 31. First Congress of Polish Muslims begins in Wilno.

February

February 5. MiklÃ³s Horthy comes to KrakÃ³w, then goes hunting to BiaÅowieÅ¼a,
February 9. MiklÃ³s Horthy visits Warsaw,
February 12. Economic Council of Eastern Lesser Poland is opened in LwÃ³w by voivode Alfred BiÅyk,
February 15. Snowstorms across Poland make railroads impassable,
February 18. Three members of the Wilno branch of the National Party are incarcerated and sent to the Bereza Kartuska prison,
February 23. Hermann GÃ¶ring comes to Poland, and goes hunting to BiaÅowieÅ¼a,

March

March 2. In Kowel, a process of 19 members of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine begins,
March 5. A ten-day strike in the Warsaw Opera ends,
March 6. JÃ³zef Beck comes to Rome. On the same day in Berlin, Congress of the Union of Poles in Germany begins,
March 7. In ZÅoczÃ³w, a process of 9 members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists begins. The defendants are accused of killing two Poles. In Rome, JÃ³zef Beck dines with Benito Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano,
March 10. Herbert Hoover comes to Poland,
March 11. Herbert Hoover visits the Jagiellonian University in KrakÃ³w. A soldier of the Border Defence Corps is killed on the Polish â Lithuanian border by Lithuanian troops,
March 13. JÃ³zef Beck leaves Rome. On the same day in Lutsk, the meeting of the Association of Reserve Officers takes place,
March 14. Authorities of the StanisÅawÃ³w Voivodeship close local branches of Ukrainian organizations Sokil and Prosvita,
March 16. In Warsaw's Royal Castle, Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy, Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, and JÃ³zef Beck meet to discuss Polish â Lithuanian conflict,
March 17. Polish ultimatum to Lithuania. On the same day, textile workers of ÅÃ³dÅº and surrounding towns declare a warning strike,
March 18. In Wilno and Warsaw, thousands of inhabitants take part in an anti-Lithuanian demonstration. Among Polish officials present at the demonstration in Wilno, is the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army, Edward ÅmigÅy-Rydz, who had come to the city by train at 7:45 a.m.,
March 19. The government of Lithuania accepts Polish ultimatum,
March 24. In BrzeÅ¼any, five members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists are sentenced to several years in prison,
March 26. Christian merchants of Warsaw present to the Polish Army 40 heavy machine guns (see: National Defence Fund),
March 27. In LwÃ³w, 27 members of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine are sentenced to several years in prison. Sara Bryn is sentenced to 10 years, Rybka Malinowitzer and Gerdie Zimmer to 7 years, and Dora Eichenbaum to 5 years,
March 27. In LwÃ³w, and other cities of southern Poland, hundreds of Jewish refugees from Austria arrive (see: Anschluss),
March 28. Franciszek Charwat arrives in Kaunas as the first Polish diplomatic representative in Lithuania,
March 30. President Ignacy MoÅcicki grants amnesty to 134 criminal prisoners. On the same day, Association of Poles in Czechoslovakia issues a statement in which it demands autonomy for the Polish minority of Czechoslovakia. First telephone conversation between Poland and Lithuania takes place,
March 31. Poland and Lithuania establish diplomatic relationships,

April

April 1. Territorial reform of Poland, in which borders of several Western and Central Voivodeships change considerably,
April 4. A process of 39 Communist activists begins in Warsaw. Prime minister Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski, together with voivode of LwÃ³w, Alfred BiÅyk, tour southern Poland â counties of Mielec, Kolbuszowa, DÄbrowa Tarnowska, Brzesko, and TarnÃ³w,
April 5. Rail communication between Poland and Lithuania is initiated, along with the connection Landwarow â Vievis,
April 10. In Rawa Ruska county, the police arrest around 70 members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Several handguns are confiscated,
April 11. Demonstrations of Maritime and Colonial League in Polish cities, in which overseas colonies for Poland are demanded,
April 12. Near WieluÅ, a train from Gdynia to KrakÃ³w derails, with no casualties,
April 13. In the Upper-Silesian settlement of Lagiewniki, a Polish streetcar crashes with a German streetcar,
April 14. Henryk JÃ³zewski becomes voivode of the ÅÃ³dÅº Voivodeship, while Aleksander Hauke-Nowak becomes voivode of the WoÅyÅ Voivodeship,
April 18. In Rome, Andrzej Bobola becomes a saint,
April 19. Inhabitants of Wilno celebrate the 19th anniversary of the city's liberation from the Soviets. Dar Pomorza returns to the port of Gdynia, after a 216-day cruise,
April 20. The outbreak of an epidemic of typhus in the area of JaworÃ³w. In Wilno, eight students of Jewish high schools are sentenced for membership of communist organizations,
April 21. Polish mass-media inform that the population of the country is 34,534,000,
April 23. In Warsaw, 39 communists are sentenced to several years in prison. South of Muszyna, Czechoslovak border guards shoot a Polish balloon Moscice,
April 24 A general meeting of Camp of National Unity takes place in Katowice,
April 25. Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski visits Polish Upper Silesia. Local authorities in Wilno allow publication of Lithuanian minority newspapers and magazines,
April 26. A group of Hitlerjugend attacks a meeting of The Association of Poles in the Free City of Danzig. Airborne and Antigas Defence League has 1,630,000 members,
April 27. A Polish â British Sea Treaty is signed in London,
April 30. To prevent street clashes during the International Workers' Day, temporary prohibition is introduced in Warsaw. Across the NowogrÃ³dek Voivodeship, construction of 100 Marshall JÃ³zef PiÅsudski elementary schools begins,

May

May 1. Street clashes during celebrations of the Labor Day in such cities, as Kielce, LwÃ³w and Warsaw,
May 2. Opening of the PoznaÅ International Fair,
May 9. Gauleiter Albert Forster comes to Poland. He talks with JÃ³zef Beck, visits Warsaw, LwÃ³w and Wilno,
May 10. After the resignation of professor Wladyslaw Szafer, professor Tadeusz Lahr-Splawinski becomes new chancellor of the Jagiellonian University in KrakÃ³w,
May 11. Opening of telephone lines and mail service between Poland and Lithuania,
May 13. Poland celebrates the third anniversary of the death of Marshall JÃ³zef PiÅsudski,
May 15. In Legionowo, balloon "ToruÅ" sets off to a stratospheric flight,
May 17. Prime minister Slawoj-Skladkowski meets all Polish voivodes,
May 19. General meeting of the Camp of National Unity begins in Warsaw,
May 20 Romanian prime minister, Patriarch Miron Cristea, comes to Poland. A transport of bears from the Soviet Union comes to BiaÅowieÅ¼a Forest. Some of Josephine Baker's possessions are stolen during her stay in LwÃ³w,
May 21. Minister JÃ³zef Beck leaves Warsaw for Stockholm,
May 22. A Ukrainian Congress, planned in LwÃ³w to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the creation of Prosvita, is banned by the Polish government. Romanian prime minister visits KrakÃ³w. In Warsaw, Polish lawyers present to the army six anti-aircraft guns,
May 25. Large fires destroy about 100 buildings in two villages near Wilno. In Stockholm, JÃ³zef Beck meets Gustaf V. A meeting of Polish Gymnastic Society SokÃ³Å, planned in LwÃ³w, is called off,
May 26. Meeting of Reserve Officers takes place in LwÃ³w, attended by Marshall Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy. Prime Minister Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski tours Greater Poland,
May 31. A new ambassador of Romania comes to Warsaw. Works on the Warta â GopÅo canal begin in Kujavia.

June

June 1. Fire in the biggest Polish glass manufacturer, Kara, in PiotrkÃ³w Trybunalski. Polish minority parties win local elections in ZaÅozie, garnering almost 11,000 votes,
June 3. BolesÅaw Wieniawa-DÅugoszowski, the new ambassador of Poland in Italy, comes to Rome. Ten people die in a fire near Olkusz. Iron ore deposits are found near ZdoÅbunÃ³w,
June 7. An extraordinary session of the Sejm begins in Warsaw. A hydrobiological station is opened in Pinsk, as the third one in Poland, after stations in Hel, and at the lake Wigry,
June 8. A Polish delegation flies to Kaunas, to discuss the opening of air connection between Poland and Lithuania,
June 9. Two planes of the Luftwaffe enter Polish airspace near Katowice,
June 10. The whole village of ZaklikÃ³w near JanÃ³w Lubelski is burned in a fire,
June 11. A train with remains of Saint Andrzej Bobola comes to the border station of Zebrzydowice, greeted by thousands of faithful,
June 14. JÃ³zef Beck visits Tallinn, where he dines with Estonian minister of foreign affairs, Karl Seiter,
June 15. JÃ³zef Beck has breakfast with President of Estonia, Konstantin PÃ¤ts. The first customs office is opened in Landwarow, on the PolishâLithuanian border,
June 19. Marshall Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy visits Polish Pomerania,
June 20. A hailstorm destroys crops in Tarnopol Voivodeship. A funeral of Marshall of the Sejm, StanisÅaw Car, takes place in Warsaw,
June 21. The school year ends in Poland. Five peasants drown while crossing the Bug in the village of Orla, Brzesc County,
June 22. Colonel Walery SÅawek is elected Marshall of the Sejm. According to government statistics, there are 279,799 registered unemployed in Poland. President Moscicki leaves for vacation in Opatija,
June 24. A train from KrakÃ³w to LwÃ³w derails in Biezanow on the outskirts of KrakÃ³w, 25 people are injured. Gdynia is reported to be the biggest port of the Baltic Sea,
June 28. General WacÅaw Stachiewicz comes to Riga, on the invitation of Chief of Staff of the Latvian Army, General Marins Hartmanis. According to unofficial sources, there are about 30,000 Gypsies in Poland,
June 30. General Stachiewicz arrives at Tallinn.

July

July 1. Opening of the Polish Radio Station in Baranowicze. A direct air connection between Warsaw and Budapest is opened jointly by LOT Polish Airlines, and Hungarian Airline Malert. A Polish scientific trip sets for Spitsbergen,
July 2. A new trade treaty between Poland and Germany is signed in Berlin,
July 3. Marshall Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy is named an honorary citizen of Wilno,
July 4. Polish Ministry of Education announces that it plans to open a university in ToruÅ,
July 6. A Museum of Crimean Karaites is opened in Troki,
July 8. A group of Polish parliamentarians demands delegitimization of several pro-Nazi German minority organizations,
July 9. In Radom, several buildings burn to the ground after a violent thunderstorm,
July 10. Snow in the Tatras,
July 11. A train with the coffin of King StanisÅaw August Poniatowski arrives at the PolishâSoviet border station in Stolpce,
July 13. JÃ³zef Beck comes to Riga, on a plane from Wilno, with a 20-minute break at Kaunas. Flood warning in southern Poland,
July 14. JÃ³zef Beck visits Jelgava, where he dines with KÄrlis Ulmanis. Five people die when a car crashes with a train in Sosnowiec. Secret funeral of StanisÅaw August Poniatowski takes place in his hometown of Wolczyn,
July 15. The number of bicycles in Poland exceeds one million. A direct air connection between Warsaw and Kaunas is opened. In Trans-Olza, Czechoslovak police arrest a number of Polish-minority activists,
July 16. Government-sponsored destruction of Eastern Orthodox churches in the eastern part of the Lublin Voivodeship is terminated,
July 17. Marshall Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy visits ZamoÅÄ,
July 20. JÃ³zef Beck visits Free City of Danzig, and Gdynia. Two escapees from a State Political Directorate prison in Minsk cross PolishâSoviet border in the area of Stolpce,
July 21. Near Pinsk, a skirmish between local police and a group of communists takes place. The communists wanted to illegally cross PolishâSoviet border,
July 22. Three crew members die in a crash of a Polish Airlines plane near Cernauti.
July 25. Association of Ukrainian Merchants in Tarnopol announces a project "Ukrainians buy only at Ukrainian stores",
July 28. After a two-week delay, the Polish government officially informs the public about the funeral of StanisÅaw August Poniatowski, which took place on July 14,
July 29. The opening ceremony of BiaÅy SÅoÅ, a campus of the Polish Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory, takes place on the peak of Pip Ivan,
July 30. Polish press announces that between mid-1935, and mid-1938, only 107 kilometres of concrete roads were built in the whole country.,
July 31. JÃ³zef Beck comes to Copenhagen

August

August 2. Three customs offices are opened on the PolishâLithuanian border. JÃ³zef Beck comes to Oslo,
August 4. Violent thunderstorms attack several counties in NowogrÃ³dek Voivodeship,
August 5. Three Czechoslovak Air Force planes enter Polish airspace near Å»ywiec. JÃ³zef Beck returns to Warsaw after a trip to Scandinavia,
August 6. Poland celebrates Day of the First Cadre Company,
August 7. Seventeen people are injured in a rail crash near Sochaczew,
August 8. Union of Poles in Germany protests against questionnaires, suggested by the Nazi Germany government for the German census. The questionnaires exclude the possibility of stating one's nationality. In ÅÃ³dÅº, 1600 tailors go on strike,
August 9. A delegation of officers of the French Navy comes to Warsaw. In Gdynia, JÃ³zef Beck meets with Duff Cooper,
August 10. Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy visits PoznaÅ. Polish press informs that Soviet authorities still have not released three young Polish gliders, who had mistakenly landed in the Soviet Union during a storm on June 26, 1938. The whereabouts and the fate of the gliders are unknown,
August 11. Meeting of General Council of Camp of National Unity begins in Warsaw. Seven children from Kowel county, Volhynia, aged 8â11, died after an explosion of a World War I bomb, found by them in the ground. A fire in the town of Åosice destroys 25% of the buildings,
August 12. A delegation of three French destroyers, Chacal, Jaguar, and Leopard, leaves Gdynia,
August 15. The Day of the Polish Soldier is celebrated across the country.
August 16. The Komintern dissolves the Communist Party of Poland,
August 17. Polish media inform that Czechoslovak government closed Polish-Czechoslovak border,
August 18. Works on the Royal Canal begin in Kobryn,
August 19. Polish press informs that the total cost of Gwiazda Polski's the stratospheric flight is 360,000 zlotys. A record number of tourists comes to Hel for summer vacation,
August 20. A delegation of Polish Air Force, with General LudomiÅ Rayski, visits Sofia. Polish government announces plan of construction of a highway from Sandomierz, the capital of the Central Industrial Area, to Warsaw,
August 22. Polish destroyers Grom and BÅyskawica leave naval base in Oksywie for a visit in Copenhagen,
August 23. Mass anti-German demonstrations in Gdynia, ToruÅ, and other cities of Polish Pomerania, after a group of Nazi activists from Free City of Danzig threw a Polish railwayman Tadeusz Winnicki under a train, and as a result, the victims' legs were amputated. Sixteen passengers are seriously injured in a bus crash in OÅ¼arÃ³w,
August 24. Polish Government confiscates a letter of Bishop Andrzej Szeptycki, which criticizes destruction of Orthodox churches,
August 25. Konrad Libicki becomes general manager of Polish Radio. 200 000 pilgrims come to Jasna GÃ³ra Monastery for traditional Black Madonna of CzÄstochowa holiday,
August 25. MS Sobieski is launched in Newcastle,
August 30. Two people die when a passenger train derails on the Lublin â Kowel line

September

September 1. Two checkpoints are opened along the border with Lithuania. Charles Lindbergh with wife land in KrakÃ³w, on his way from Moscow to Prague,
September 3. Annual Eastern Trade Fair is opened in LwÃ³w,
September 5. According to government statistics, Gdynia is the most expensive Polish city, while Wilno is the cheapest,
September 7. JÃ³zef Beck leaves Warsaw, and via Berlin goes to Bern, for a session of the League of Nations,
September 8. Street clashes between Poles and Jews in Lida,
September 10. Polish press informs that construction of the new rail line, between Polish Upper Silesia, and Volhynia, has already started. The 400-kilometer line will go from Tarnowskie GÃ³ry to Lutsk, via Sandomierz, and Stalowa Wola. Three people die in a motorcycle accident near LwÃ³w,
September 12. Albert William Stevens comes to Zakopane, to witness the stratospheric flight of Gwiazda Polski balloon,
September 13. Dissolution of the Polish Parliament,
September 14. In CzortkÃ³w, a new steel bridge over the Seret is opened,
September 15. Marshall Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy visits the Polish Army manoeuvres in Volhynia,
September 19. In Lutsk, a military parade takes place, to mark the end of the manoeuvres,
September 20. Additional units of the Polish Army secure Polish-Czechoslovak border,
September 21. Polish envoy to Prague, Kazimierz PapÃ©e, demands from government of Czechoslovakia solution of the problem of its Polish minority in the same way as the problem of German minority was solved,
September 22. In Trans-Olza, local Poles fight with Czechoslovak police and army during street manifestations which demand the cession of the area to Poland. On the same day in Warsaw, 250 000 people demand the cession of Trans-Olza. It is the biggest demonstration of the Second Polish Republic,
September 23. The Soviet government states that if Polish troops enter Czechoslovakia, Moscow will void the SovietâPolish Non-Aggression Pact,
September 24. At Warsaw's Royal Castle, the meeting of key Polish figures (JÃ³zef Beck, Edward Rydz-ÅmigÅy, Ignacy MoÅcicki, Felicjan SÅawoj SkÅadkowski) takes place, during which the situation in Czechoslovakia is discussed,
September 25. In Zaleszczyki, a bridge over the Dniester, connecting Poland and Romania, is opened,
September 26. A LOT plane from Warsaw to Budapest is not allowed to fly over Czechoslovak territory. A clash between Czech soldiers and Poles from Trans-Olza takes place near Zebrzydowice,
September 27. A demonstration in Cieszyn, during which local Poles demand the cession of Trans-Olza. Construction of a car factory begins in Lublin,
September 28. Land communication between Poland and Czechoslovakia is closed,
September 30. Polish government demands the cession of Trans-Olza.

October

October 1. Czechoslovak government agrees to Polish demands, and Trans-Olza is ceded to Poland, and demonstrations take place in several Polish cities,
October 2. Units of the Polish Army's Independent Operational Group Silesia, under General WÅadysÅaw Bortnowski enter ÄeskÃ½ TÄÅ¡Ãn,
October 4. Polish Army enters TÅinec and Jablunkov,
October 6. Polish press speculates about possible creation of Zaolzie Voivodeship, which besides Trans-Olza, would include counties from Lesser Poland and Polish Upper Silesia,
October 7. Annual Wine Harvest Festival ends in Zaleszczyki,
October 8. Polish Army enters FryÅ¡tÃ¡t,
October 10. Polish Army enters BohumÃn and KarvinÃ¡. Minister JÃ³zef Beck visits Trans-Olza. Ten new elementary schools are opened in Polesie,
October 11. Upon decree of President Ignacy MoÅcicki, Trans-Olza becomes part of Poland's Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Polish press speculates about annexation of SpiÅ¡, and Orava â altogether 2,400 km², with 120,000 inhabitants.
October 12. JÃ³zef Beck is awarded Order of the White Eagle, by President Ignacy MoÅcicki. Marshall Rydz-ÅmigÅy visits Trans-Olza,
October 13. In LwÃ³w, Ukrainian rally takes place, followed by Polish counter-demonstration,
October 14. Unsuccessful stratospheric flight of the Gwiazda Polski balloon. Plans of construction of a motorway Warsaw â ÅÃ³dÅº are announced,
October 29. Nazi Germany government expels some 12,000â17,000 Jews with Polish citizenship to Poland,

November

November 1. Upon decree of the President of Poland, Jaworzyna and parts of SpiÅ¡ become part of Poland,
November 3. A new, concrete road between Pinsk and Kobryn is opened, after four years of construction,
November 4. Due to lack of passengers, all domestic LOT Polish Airlines are closed for the winter, except for the connection Warsaw â PoznaÅ,
November 5. In Prague, a joint Polish-Czechoslovak commission draws the new border between the two countries, in the area of Jaworzyna,
November 6. General election in Poland,
November 8. Rail communication between Poland and Czechoslovakia is reestablished. Sun eclipse in KrakÃ³w,
November 8 to November 11. Polish legislative election,
November 11. Independence Day in Poland. Patriotic demonstrations take place across the country, including Trans-Olza and LwÃ³w,
November 12. Local floods in Kaszuby and in the area of NowogrÃ³dek,
November 15. Polish press informs that construction of main westâeast rail line (Upper Silesia â Volhynia) proceeds according to plan,
November 16. In Warsaw, leaders of the Jewish minority in Poland declare a month of mourning, protesting against the persecution of Jews in Germany,
November 17. SS Pulaski returns to Gdynia from a cruise to South America,
November 19. Residents of LwÃ³w celebrate 20th anniversary of Battle of LwÃ³w (1918),
November 23. Around 6,000 Jewish refugees, expelled from Nazi Germany, are housed at a transit camp in ZbÄszyÅ, a town on the Polish-German border. Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland accepts construction of two rail lines, Tarnowskie GÃ³ry â Zawiercie, and Skierniewice â ÅukÃ³w,
November 24. All Freemasons Lodges in Poland are closed by the President of Poland. Prime Minister Felicjan SÅawoj-SkÅadkowski hands his resignation to the president Ignacy MoÅcicki, and MoÅcicki does not accept it,
November 26. Joseph Stalin reaffirms the SovietâPolish Non-Aggression Pact. Polish envoy to Czechoslovakia, Kazimierz PapÃ©e protests against the attack of armed Czechoslovak citizens on Polish soldiers establishing a new border in the area of Äadca,
November 27. Polish Army troops seize Jaworzyna,
November 28. Sejm and Senate convene in Warsaw for the first time after the election,
November 29. Opening of a 22-kilometer rail line Å»oryâPszczyna,
November 30. Polish press informs that only 30 citizens of Poland own their private aeroplanes.

December

December 2. Speaking in Sejm, Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski describes a plan of development of Poland for the years 1939â1954,
December 5. Speaker of Polish Parliament, Vasyl Mudry of Ukrainian minority demands in his parliamentary speech autonomy for the Ukrainians. In the port of Danzig, Polish ship SS Tczew sinks and two people die,
December 8. Three people die in a car crash near Gniezno,
December 9. In Warsaw, a delegation of Polish civil servants and bank workers presents to the Army a PZL.37 ÅoÅ, purchased with the money collected by them,
December 10. Deposits of copper are found in Podolia, near Zaleszczyki and Horodenka,
December 12. A movie theatre burns down in Gdynia,
December 13. Papal Nuncio Filippo Cortesi comes to LwÃ³w. A seismic observatory of Warsaw University is opened in Warsaw,
December 16. According to the Polish press, there still are around 5,700 Jews, camping in ZbÄszyÅ on the Polish-German border. A cold wave sweeps over Poland, the temperature in LwÃ³w goes down to minus 21 degrees C,
December 18. Local elections in several Polish cities,
December 19. Three miners die in coal mine Kazimierz in Sosnowiec. A new rail and road bridge over the Vistula is opened in PÅock,
December 21. Tatra Park of Nature is opened in Jaworzyna,
December 22. The Polish ambassador in Berlin, JÃ³zef Lipski, meets with Joachim von Ribbentrop,
December 24. Fire in the left wing of the NieÅwieÅ¼ Castle. Primate of Poland August Hlond addresses the nation through the radio,
December 27. SS Tczew, which sank in Danzig on December 5 is raised and transported to Gdynia for overhaul. Residents of Greater Poland celebrate 20th anniversary of Greater Poland Uprising,
December 28. Four people die hit by a train on a railroad crossing in Å»yrardÃ³w,
December 29. Construction of rail line TarnobrzegâKolbuszowaâRzeszÃ³w begins,
December 30. The flu epidemic in Poland; in Warsaw 130,000 people are sick. Archbishop Aleksander Kakowski dies in Warsaw,

Arts and literature

Books

Bunt RojstÃ³w by JÃ³zef Mackiewicz,
Åad serca, a novel by Jerzy Andrzejewski,
first edition of Witold Gombrowicz's Ferdydurke, even though published in October 1937, is dated 1938,
Iwona, ksiÄÅ¼niczka Burgunda, by Witold Gombrowicz, published in parts in 1938 in literary magazine Skamander,
Krzyk ostateczny, a poetry bundle by WÅadysÅaw Broniewski, published in Warsaw,
RÃ³wnanie serca, a poetry bundle by Julian PrzyboÅ,
Rozmowa z Apollinem, a poetry bundle by Anatol Stern.

Film

Florian, directed by Leonard Buczkowski, based on a book by Maria RodziewiczÃ³wna. Released October 28, 1938,
Granica, based on a book by Zofia NaÅkowska, directed by JÃ³zef Lejtes. Featuring MieczysÅawa ÄwikliÅska and ElÅ¼bieta Barszczewska, the movie was released October 29, 1938,
KoÅciuszko pod RacÅawicami, directed by JÃ³zef Lejtes and released January 1, 1938,
PaweÅ i GaweÅ, based on Aleksander Fredro's tale, featuring Eugeniusz Bodo and Adolf Dymsza, directed by MieczysÅaw Krawicz. Released September 15, 1938,
Ostatnia brygada, based on a book by Tadeusz DoÅÄga-Mostowicz. Directed by MichaÅ WaszyÅski, and released September 20, 1938,
Profesor Wilczur, based on a book by Tadeusz DoÅÄga-Mostowicz. Directed by MichaÅ WaszyÅski, released October 18, 1938,
Rena, directed by MichaÅ WaszyÅski, released December 22, 1938,
Zapomniana melodia, a music comedy directed by Konrad Tom and Jan Fethke, with music by Henryk Wars and Ludwik Starski.

Sports

January

January 2. Boxers of Warta PoznaÅ become team champions of Poland,
January 9. In Warsaw, the reserve ice hockey team of Poland beats Latvia 2â1,
January 16. In Warsaw, in an international boxing match, Poland beats Italy 11â5,
January 19. In Bern, Polish national ice hockey team beats Switzerland 1â0,
January 22. In Brzesc nad Bugiem, AZS Warszawa becomes a women's volleyball champion of Poland. Second is HKS ÅÃ³dÅº, third Olsza KrakÃ³w,
January 30. StanisÅaw Marusarz wins a ski-jumping tournament in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

February

February 2. International Skiing Championships of Poland begin in Zakopane,
February 3. In ÅÃ³dÅº, AZS Wilno becomes a men's volleyball champion of Poland. Second is AZS Warszawa, third Polonia Warszawa,
February 6. In PoznaÅ, the team of AZS PoznaÅ becomes both men's and women's track and field champion of Poland,
February 12. In Prague, in the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland beats Lithuania 8â1,
February 13. In PoznaÅ, in international boxing match, Poland (with Antoni Czortek, Henryk Chmielewski, and Antoni KolczyÅski) beats Germany 10â6. In Prague, in the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland beats Romania 3â0,
February 14. In the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland beats Hungary 3â0,
February 15. In the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland loses to Switzerland 1â7,
February 16. In Warsaw, Michal Offierski, a pilot from Katowice, breaks the world height gliding record, reaching 4 595 meters,
February 17. In the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland loses to Sweden 0â1,
February 18. In the 1938 World Ice Hockey Championships, Poland loses to Great Britain 1â7,
February 20. In ChorzÃ³w, in an international wrestling match, Poland loses to Germany 3-20,
February 27. In Lahti, StanisÅaw Marusarz becomes ski jumping vice-champion of the world.

March

March 6. In ÅÃ³dÅº, swimmers of EKS Katowice become winter team champions of Poland,
March 11. Jadwiga JÄdrzejowska wins a tennis tournament in Monte Carlo,
March 13. In ZÃ¼rich, the football team of Poland ties 3â3 in international friendly with Switzerland. Goals for Poland are scored by Ernest Wilimowski, Jerzy Wostal, and Leonard PiÄtek,
March 19. Wrestling and weight-lifting championships of Poland take place in Katowice,
March 20. In Helsinki, boxing team of Poland beats Finland 10â6,
March 22. In Tallinn, boxing team of Poland beats Estonia 12â4,
March 27. Cracovia becomes a men's basketball champion of Poland. Second is AZS PoznaÅ,

April

April 3. In Belgrade, the football team of Yugoslavia beats Poland 1â0. However, since in the first leg (Warsaw, October 10, 1937), Poland won 4â0, the Poles win the qualifiers to the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France. In Ruda ÅlÄska, the weight-lifting team of Latvia beats Poland,
April 10. In Budapest, Polish boxers tie with Hungary 8-8. In the first games of the 1938 season of the Ekstraklasa, Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 5-2 (att. 3000), Warta PoznaÅ routs at home Polonia Warszawa 7-1 (att. 2500), PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home Cracovia 2-1 (att. 4000), Warszawianka Warszawa beats at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 4-1 (att. 2000), and WisÅa KrakÃ³w ties at home with AKS ChorzÃ³w 0-0 (att. 6000). In Lutsk, JÃ³zef Noji becomes the 10,000-meter cross country running champion of Poland,
April 16. During Easter holidays, a number of foreign teams visit Poland. VfB Stuttgart ties 0â0 with AKS ChorzÃ³w, and loses 0â1 to Ruch ChorzÃ³w. ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº ties 2â2 with Nemzeti Budapest, Polonia Warszawa loses to Nemzeti 0â3, Kispesti Budapest beats WisÅa KrakÃ³w 3â1, and ties 2â2 with Cracovia. PogoÅ LwÃ³w ties 1â1 with Budafok Budapest, and Warta PoznaÅ twice beats 3â2, 2-1 Phoebus Budapest,
April 24. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Cracovia KrakÃ³w beats at home Warta PoznaÅ 5-2 (att. 3000), ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº ties at home with WisÅa KrakÃ³w 0-0, Polonia Warszawa loses at home to Ruch ChorzÃ³w 0-3 (att. 5000), AKS ChorzÃ³w beats in ChorzÃ³w Warszawianka Warszawa 3â0, and ÅmigÅy Wilno loses at home to PogoÅ LwÃ³w 0-1 (att. 5000). In international lawn tennis game in Warsaw, Poland beats Germany 6â1,

May

May 1. In games of the Polish Football League, ÅmigÅy Wilno beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 3-1 (att. 5000), PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 1-0 (att. 4000), WisÅa KrakÃ³w ties with Cracovia 2-2 (att. 8000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home Warta PoznaÅ 3-2 (att. 5000) and Warszawianka Warszawa beats Polonia Warszawa 3-1 (att. 7000),
May 3. In several Polish cities and towns, the National Running Day is celebrated to commemorate the Polish Constitution. The biggest runs take place in PoznaÅ and Slonim. Polish national soccer team leaves Poland, heading to Strasbourg for a World Cup game vs Brazil,
May 8. In Katowice, in the Davis Cup game, Poland beats Denmark 5â0. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home Warszawianka Warszawa 6-2 (att. 5000), Cracovia beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 3-0 (att. 7000), ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 2-1 (att. 5000), Warta PoznaÅ beats at home WisÅa KrakÃ³w 6â2, and Polonia Warszawa beats in Warsaw PogoÅ LwÃ³w 1-0 (att. 7000),
May 15. In the games of the Ekstraklasa, Warszawianka Warszawa beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 6-2 (att. 4000), ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº beats at home Polonia Warszawa 4-3 (att. 5000), AKS ChorzÃ³w routs in ChorzÃ³w the team of Cracovia 5-1 (att. 15 000), PogoÅ LwÃ³w ties at home with Warta PoznaÅ 1-1 (att. 6000), and WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats in KrakÃ³w Ruch ChorzÃ³w 3-1 (att. 7000),
May 18. In ChorzÃ³w, in a friendly game, the team of Polish Upper Silesia ties 4â4 with Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Attendance: 35 000, goals for the Silesians â Ernest Wilimowski â 3, Gerard Wodarz â 1,
May 22. In an international football friendly, Poland beats in Warsaw Ireland 6-0 (att. 20 000),
May 25. In Milan, Italy beats Poland 3â2 in the second round of the Davis Cup,
May 26. In games of the Ekstraklasa, ÅmigÅy Wilno beats at home WisÅa KrakÃ³w 1-0 (att. 3000), Warszawianka Warszawa beats in Warsaw PogoÅ LwÃ³w 2-0 (att. 1500), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 3-2 (att. 13 000), Warta PoznaÅ beats at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 6â2, and Cracovia KrakÃ³w beats in KrakÃ³w Polonia Warszawa 3â2,
May 27. The national football team of Poland begins a training camp in WÄgrowiec, preparing for the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France,

June

June 5. In Strasbourg, in a 1938 FIFA World Cup match, Poland loses to Brazil 5-6 (see also Poland v Brazil (1938)),
June 11. In Rome, Italian wrestling team beats Poland 6â1,
June 12. In games of the Ekstraklasa, AKS ChorzÃ³w beats at home Warta PoznaÅ 4â0, ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº loses in ÅÃ³dÅº to Cracovia 0â1, PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home Ruch ChorzÃ³w 3-1 (att. 6000), WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats in KrakÃ³w Warszawianka Warszawa 3â1, and Polonia Warszawa beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 5â2. In Budapest, Hungary beats Poland 13â7, in an international handball game. In PoznaÅ, in a rowing competition, Poland loses to Germany 25â47,
June 15. In PoznaÅ, Polish boxing team beats France 14 -2,
June 19. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Warta PoznaÅ ties at home 3â3 with Warszawianka (att. 4000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home Cracovia 4-0 (att. 10 000), ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº ties at home with ÅmigÅy Wilno 1-1 (att. 4000), and WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats in KrakÃ³w PogoÅ LwÃ³w 1-0 (att. 3000). In international track and field-friendly, Poland beats France 119,5 â 91,5. Ignacy TÅoczyÅski becomes lawn tennis champion of Poland, after beating Jozef Hebda,
June 26. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Cracovia beats at home Ruch ChorzÃ³w 3-2 (att. 7000), in ChorzÃ³w AKS beats Polonia Warszawa 1-0 (att. 6000), in Wilno, ÅmigÅy beats ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 4-0 (att. 4000), in LwÃ³w Pogon beats WisÅa KrakÃ³w 2â1, and in Warsaw, Warszawianka beats Warta PoznaÅ 2-1 (att. 4000). KPW PoznaÅ becomes handball champion of Poland, 2nd is AZS Warszawa, 3rd Cracovia, and 4th ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº.

July

July 16. Swimming championships of Poland begin in Bielsko-BiaÅa,
July 17. Quarterfinal games of the President of Poland's Football Cup take place in four cities,
July 29. International female lawn tennis match Poland â Czechoslovakia begins in Warsaw,

August

August 1. In a two-day track and field match in Cernauti, Poland beats Romania 96 â 48. In a friendly football match, Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home SK Jugoslavija 5â2,
August 2. In a friendly football match, SK Jugoslavija beats ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 2â0,
August 3. In a friendly football game in Warsaw, Poland loses to Hungaria Budapest 1-3 (att. 6000),
August 5. In a friendly football match in ÅÃ³dÅº, Poland beats Hungaria Budapest 1â0,
August 7. In an international boxing match in Venice, Poland loses to Italy 4â12. In semifinal games of President of Poland's Football Cup, LwÃ³w beats at home ÅÃ³dÅº 3â2, and KrakÃ³w beats Warsaw 3-2 (in Warsaw). Syrena Warsaw becomes team cycling champion of Poland,
August 10. In an international track and field match in Oslo, Poland beats Norway 95â93. In Rimini, Poland ties 8â8 with Italy, in the second leg of a boxing match,
August 21. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Warta PoznaÅ beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 4â3, Cracovia beats ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 6â2, WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats Warszawianka Warszawa 3â2, Polonia Warszawa beats ÅmigÅy Wilno 3â0, and Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats PogoÅ LwÃ³w 3â1,
August 28. In games of the Ekstraklasa, PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home Warszawianka Warszawa 3-0 (att. 5000), WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 4-1 (att. 4000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats away AKS ChorzÃ³w 4-2 (att. 12 000), in ÅÃ³dÅº, ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº ties 0â0 with Warta PoznaÅ, and in Warsaw, Polonia Warszawa ties 2â2 with Cracovia (att. 5000),
August 29. In an international lawn tennis game in Å½ilina, Czechoslovakia ties 3â3 with Poland. In games of the Ekstraklasa, ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº ties with Warta PoznaÅ 0-0, Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 4-2 (att. 15 000), PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats Warszawianka Warszawa 3-0 (att. 3500), WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats ÅmigÅy Wilno 4â1, and Cracovia ties with Polonia Warszawa 2-2. In qualifiers to the Ekstraklasa, Garbarnia KrakÃ³w beats at home Union Touring ÅÃ³dÅº 2â1, and in Luck, local team PKS loses to ÅlÄsk ÅwiÄtochÅowice 1-4 (att. 3000),

September

September 4. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Warta PoznaÅ beats at home PogoÅ LwÃ³w 2-0 (att. 6000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home WisÅa KrakÃ³w 4â2, Polonia Warszawa beats at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 2â1, Cracovia beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 4-2 (att. 8000), and ÅmigÅy Wilno beats at home Warszawianka Warszawa 4â1. On the same day in Milan, Roger Verey wins silver in the Rowing Championships of Europe,
September 11. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats in Warsaw Warszawianka Warszawa 4-1 (att. 10 000), PogoÅ LwÃ³w loses at home to Polonia Warszawa 1â3, in Wilno, ÅmigÅy Wilno loses to Cracovia 1-3 (att. 6000), in KrakÃ³w, Warta PoznaÅ beats WisÅa KrakÃ³w 7-5 (att. 3000), and in ChorzÃ³w, AKS ChorzÃ³w beats ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 3â2,
September 18. In a friendly football game in Chemnitz, German beats Poland 4â1,
September 25. In international football games, Poland A ties 4â4 with Yugoslawia (in Warsaw), and Poland B loses in Riga to Latvia 1â2,

October

October 2. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Polonia Warszawa beats at home Warszawianka Warszawa 5-2 (att. 7000), AKS ChorzÃ³w routs at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 7-1 (att. 2500), ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº beats at home PogoÅ LwÃ³w (att. 2000), Cracovia beats at home WisÅa KrakÃ³w 2-1 (att. 8000), and Warta PoznaÅ routs at home Ruch ChorzÃ³w 6-0 (att. 6000). On the same day, Garbarnia KrakÃ³w and Union Touring ÅÃ³dÅº win playoffs to the Ekstraklasa,
October 9. In games of the Ekstraklasa, Warszawianka Warszawa beats at home Cracovia 2-0 (att. 3000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 5-0 (att. 2000), ÅmigÅy Wilno loses at home to Warta PoznaÅ 0-1 (att. 3000), PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home AKS ChorzÃ³w 1â0, and WisÅa KrakÃ³w beats at home Polonia Warszawa 4-2 (att. 3000). After a series of playoffs, Garbarnia KrakÃ³w and Union Touring ÅÃ³dÅº are promoted to Ekstraklasa,
October 12. Stanislawa Walasiewiczowna leaves Gdynia for New York City,
October 30. In last games of the 1938 season of the Ekstraklasa, Warszawianka Warszawa loses at home to AKS ChorzÃ³w 0-3 (att. 2000), WisÅa KrakÃ³w routs at home ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº 7-3 (att. 2000), Ruch ChorzÃ³w beats at home Polonia Warszawa 3â2, PogoÅ LwÃ³w beats at home ÅmigÅy Wilno 3-2 (att. 4000), and in PoznaÅ, Warta PoznaÅ routs Cracovia 7-1 (att. 5000). Ruch ChorzÃ³w becomes the 1938 Football Champion of Poland, demoted are the teams of ÅmigÅy Wilno and ÅKS ÅÃ³dÅº.

November

November 1. In a postponed game of the Ekstraklasa, Cracovia loses at home to Polonia Warszawa 0-2 (att. 4000),
November 5. In PoznaÅ, Poland loses to Italy 1â6 in a wrestling match,
November 13. In international football game, which takes place in Dublin, Poland loses to Ireland 2â3, with goals by Ernest Wilimowski and Leonard PiÄtek. In Breslau, in a double boxing game, Germany beats Poland 12â4. In ToruÅ, Polish "B" boxing team beats Latvia 12â4,
Final matches of Polish boxing championship begin, with such teams, as Elektrit Wilno, IKP ÅÃ³dÅº, Lechia LwÃ³w, OkÄcie Warszawa, WisÅa KrakÃ³w, LSW Lublin, HCP PoznaÅ, Goplania InowrocÅaw, Warta PoznaÅ, Strzelec Janowa Dolina and IKB ÅwiÄtochÅowice. The championship is won by Warta PoznaÅ,
November 27. In LwÃ³w, in the final game of the President of Poland's Football Cup, LwÃ³w beats KrakÃ³w 5â1,

December

December 4. In a football friendly, the team of Breslau beats at home the team of Warsaw 2â0,
December 8. In an international boxing friendly in Warsaw, Poland beats Switzerland 12â4,
December 11. In an international boxing match in ÅÃ³dÅº, Poland beats Estonia 10â6,
December 19. In Katowice, ice-hockey tournament of four cities (Katowice, KrakÃ³w, Vienna and Berlin) takes place. The tournament is won by KrakÃ³w,
December 26. Games of Polish ice-hockey championship begin,

Births

February 4, Halina GÃ³recka, Olympic sprinter.
April 17, Adam Gierek, politician.
May 14, ElÅ¼bieta CzyÅ¼ewska, actress.
June 26, Krzysztof Baranowski, yachtsman.
July 12, Horst Panic, football player and manager.
August 15, Janusz Zajdel, writer
August 28, JÃ³zef Kowalczyk, Roman Catholic prelate.
September 13, Janusz GÅowacki, writer.
September 22, Aleksander Gudzowaty, businessman.
October 1, Andrzej Paczkowski, historian.
December 7, Andrzej Czuma, politician.
December 16, Zbigniew Religa, cardiac surgeon and politician.

Deaths

January 22, Gabriel Czechowicz,
February 10, Aleksander Majkowski,
February 11, Kazimierz Twardowski,
April 23, Stefan Drzewiecki,
August 26, Teodor Axentowicz,
September 17, Bruno JasieÅski,
October 5, Mary Faustina Kowalska,
October 13, WÅadysÅaw Belina-PraÅ¼mowski,
October 17, Aleksander MichaÅowski,
December 4, Tomasz DÄbal, JÃ³zef Teodorowicz,
December 30, Aleksander Kakowski,

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1938 in Poland.

Members of the government

Other personalities

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Books

Film

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Related Articles