2026 Icelandic European Union membership negotiations referendum

2010s

The then Social Democratic Alliance led government of Iceland applied to join the EU in July 2009 after the country suffered a severe financial crisis. Despite three years of negotiations, several major issues remain outstanding, including the Common Fisheries Policy.^[2] On 14 January 2010, the Icelandic government announced that negotiations would be suspended until after the parliamentary election in April.^[3] No new chapters will be opened prior to the election, though negotiations will continue on chapters that have already been opened.^[4] The ruling left-wing parties suffered a major defeat in the elections, while the centrist Progressive Party had a large victory.

The leaders of the Progressive Party and the Independence Party, which both oppose Icelandic EU membership, announced on 22 May 2013 that a coalition platform had been reached that would suspend all accession talks with the EU and not resume them unless first approved by a referendum.^[2][5][6] The advisor to Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, the incoming Prime Minister, stated that "later in the term there will be a referendum on whether Iceland should continue the talks, although no date has been decided."^[7][8] The new Finance Minister Bjarni Benediktsson stated that "We believe the accession talks were started without the necessary support in Iceland. We will not go further with the talks. We also have to listen to what the EU has to say about our approach; maybe it will make no sense to hold a referendum".^[9]

On 22 February 2014, the governing parties agreed to formally withdraw the membership application, without first holding a referendum on the matter, and submitted a bill to parliament seeking their approval to do so.^[10][11] However, on February 25, Ragnheiður Ríkharðsdóttir, Chairman of the Independence Party parliamentarian group, announced her intention to not vote in favour of the proposal.^[12]

The Independence/Progressive coalition lost its majority in the 2016 Icelandic parliamentary election. After several failed attempts to form a government from alternative combinations, a new coalition was formed in January 2017, led by the Independence party and joined by Regeneration and Bright Future, both of whom support EU membership and the former of whom was originally a splinter movement that left the Independence party over this very issue. The coalition deal included a pledge to hold a parliamentary vote on whether to hold an EU membership referendum.

2020s

On 21 March 2022, party leaders from the Social Democratic Alliance, the Pirate Party and Viðreisn, submitted their proposals to the Althing that an EU membership referendum should be held before the end of 2022.^[13][14] On 15 September 2022, the three party leaders made a draft question to the referendum: "Do you want Iceland to take up the matter in negotiations with the European Union with the aim of concluding a membership agreement that would be submitted to the nation for approval or rejection? Answer options would be yes or no."^[15] On 20 September 2022, the leader of the Social Democratic Alliance, Logi Már Einarsson, wrote a speech for Icelandic President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson requesting the referendum before the end of 2023.^[16] On 23 March 2023, according to Jón Steindór Valdimarsson, as the polls indicates that 66% supported on the referendum, he believed that such scenario would be that such referendum should be held before the next elections in 2025.^[17] On 18 September 2023, a draft bill for the referendum was proposed by Viðreisn leader Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir, with support from the members of the Social Democratic Alliance and the Pirate Party, including Logi Már.^[18]

Following the 2024 Icelandic parliamentary election, the Social Democratic Alliance, Viðreisn and People's Party formed a new coalition government, which agreed to hold a referendum on resuming negotiations on EU membership by 2027.^[19] Prior to organizing the referendum, the new government will first establish a panel of independent experts to assess the advantages and disadvantages of retaining the Icelandic crown compared to adopting the euro currency, which it believes will ensure a more mature debate.^[20]

In January 2026, Þorgerður Katrín, now serving as Minister for Foreign Affairs, said the government intends to bring a parliamentary resolution on the referendum to Althing during spring of 2026. Under Icelandic law, the referendum would have to held within three to twelve months after the approval of the resolution.^[21] In February 2026, Politico Europe reported based on two sources that the governing coalition is considering holding the referendum as early as August 2026. The increased urgency is said to be a result of geopolitical upheaval, in particular due to the tariff hikes imposed by the second Trump administration (acting since January 2025) on Icelandic goods and the threats by the US to annex Greenland.^[22] Some days later in Warsaw, the prime minister Kristrún Frostadóttir confirmed that Iceland is going to have such a referendum later that year.^[23] At the same time fellow Polish prime minister Donald Tusk said that he supports Icelandic membership of the bloc.^[24]

On 6 March 2026, Kristrún Frostadóttir stated that her government has agreed to hold the referendum on 29 August 2026.^[1][25] Enlargement commissioner Marta Kos welcomed the announcement saying "A significant decision now lies ahead for the Icelandic people."^[26] Kristrún said if Icelanders voted yes, talks could start by the end of 2026.^[27] On 28 May 2026, the Althing approved the proposal to hold the referendum.^[28]

Question

The question put forward for the referendum would be:^[29]

• Á Ísland að hefja á ný aðildarviðræður við Evrópusambandið?
  (Should negotiations on Iceland's membership in the European Union start again?)

The choices would be either:

• Já.
  (Yes.) or,
• Nei.
  (No.)