1499
Calendar year
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Year 1499 (MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
JanuaryâMarch
- January 8 â Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.[1]
- February 4 â Hans, King of Denmark is formally crowned as King of Sweden and his wife Christina of Saxony crowned as Queen Consort.
- February 9 â The Treaty of Blois is signed between the Kingdom of France and the Republic of Venice as a secret military alliance between the two nations to attack the Duchy of Milan.[2]
- February 20 â The Battle of Hard is fought near the village of Hard in modern-day western Austria as the Swiss Confederacy defeats the troops of the Holy Roman Empire in the first large-scale confrontation of the Swabian War.[3]
- March 22 â At the Battle of Bruderholz, the Swiss Confederation defeats a larger force of troops from the Swabian League near Basel.[4]
AprilâJune
- April 11 â The Battle of Schwaderloh is won by the Swiss Confederacy over the Swabian League with more than 1,400 of the Swabian troops killed.[5]
- April 20 â The Swiss Confederacy defeats the forces of the Holy Roman Empire in the Battle of Frastanz, with more than 2,000 Imperial troops killed.[6]
- April 30 â The University of Valencia is founded in Spain with the passage of the University Statutes by the magistrates of Valencia.[7]
- May 19 â Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII, is married by proxy to his brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.
- June 1 â Pedro Alonso Niño, who had accompanied Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in 1492, departs from Palos in Spain toward South America on a 7-month voyage to the New World. Niño sets sail in a small caravel with 33 men[8]
- June 10 â Pope Alexander VI informs the Roman Catholic cardinals that the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire has amassed a fleet of 300 ships to lay siege to the city of Rhodes. [9]
- June 15 â The Great Epidemic of plague reaches London, forcing King Henry and Queen Anne to flee to the capital to Langley on June 25 and then to Abingdon.[10]
- June 20 â Queen Isabella of Spain orders Christopher Columbus to liberate and repatriate Indians from the New World, declaring that nobody had authorized him to kidnap any of her subjects.[11]
JulyâSeptember
- July 22 â Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.[12]
- July 28 â First Battle of Lepanto: The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians.
- August 24 â Lake Maracaibo is discovered, by Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci.
- August â Polydore Vergil completes De inventoribus rerum, the first modern history of inventions.
- September 18 â Vasco da Gama arrives at Lisbon, returning from India, and is received by King Manuel of Portugal.[13]
- September 22 â Treaty of Basel: Maximilian is forced to grant the Swiss de facto independence.
OctoberâDecember
- October 26 â King Louis XII of France and his troops seize Milan, driving out Duke Ludovico Sforza, and Leonardo da Vinci flees to Venice.[14]
- October 25 â The Pont Notre-Dame in Paris, constructed under Charles VI of France, collapses into the Seine.[15]
- November 5 â The Catholicon is published in Tréguier (Brittany). This BretonâgreekâLatin dictionary had been written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.
- November 23 â Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
- November 28 â Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York, is executed for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
- December 18 â The Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499â1501) begins in the Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile) against the forced conversions of Muslims in Spain.
Date unknown
- Montenegro, the last free monarchy in the Balkans, is annexed by the Ottoman Empire, as part of the sanjak of Shkodër, and Stefan II CrnojeviÄ is removed from office.
- Johannes Trithemius inadvertently reveals interests in magic by writing a letter to a Carmelite friar about a treatise he is writing on steganography.
- Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa matriculates at Cologne University.
- Giggleswick School is founded by Reverend James Carr in England.
Births
- January 15 â Samuel Maciejowski, Polish bishop (d. 1550)
- January 20 â Sebastian Franck, German humanist (d. 1543)
- January 29 â Katharina von Bora, German nun, wife of Martin Luther (d. 1552)
- February 10 â Thomas Platter, Swiss humanist scholar and writer (d. 1582)
- March 22 â Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (d. 1537)
- March 31 â Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)[16]
- May 14 â Agostino Gallo, Italian agronomist (d. 1570)
- June 24 â Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg (d. 1570)
- July 17 â Maria Salviati, Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici (d. 1543)
- August 14 â John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English noble (d. 1526)
- September 3 â Diane de Poitiers, French duchess, mistress of Henry II of France (d. 1566)
- October 13 â Claude of France, queen consort of France, daughter of Louis XII (d. 1524)
- October 14 â Catherine of the Palatinate, Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (d. 1526)
- October 31 â Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg (1526â1552) (d. 1552)
- November 1 â Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512)
- December 8 â Sebald Heyden, German musicologist and theologian (d. 1561)
- December 13 â Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor (d. 1558)
- date unknown
- Hans Asper, Swiss painter (d. 1571)
- Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (d. 1592)
- Cesare Hercolani, Italian military leader (d. 1534)
- Jan Åaski, Polish Protestant reformer (d. 1560)
- Laurentius Petri, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1573)
- Giulio Romano, Italian painter (d. 1546)
- Bernardino de Sahagún, Franciscan missionary (d. 1590)
- Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician (d. 1557)
- Ming, Icelandic clam (d. 2006)[17]
- probable â Juan RodrÃguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer (d. 1543)
Deaths
- January 9 â John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1455)
- March 24 â Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman (b. 1470)
- April 7 â Galeotto I Pico, Duke of Mirandola (b. 1442)
- August 29 â Alesso Baldovinetti, Florentine painter (b. 1427)
- October 1 â Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
- November 23 â Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter (b. c. 1474) (executed)
- November 28 â Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the English House of York (b. 1475)
- date unknown
- Rennyo, leader of the IkkÅ sect of Buddhism (b. 1415)
- Muhammad Rumfa, ruler of Kano
- Laura Cereta, Italian humanist and feminist (b. 1469)