Amiral Ronarc'h-class frigate

Class of frigates From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Amiral Ronarc'h-class frigate is a new class of first-rank French frigates to complement the Aquitaine class. The program is known as Frégate de Défense et d'Intervention (English: Defence and Intervention Frigate) or FDI,[9] formerly denominated Frégate de Taille Intermédiaire (English: Medium-Size Frigate) or FTI. The programme was launched in 2015 to produce the class. As of February 2022, five ships have been ordered for the French Navy. Amiral Ronarc'h, the lead ship of the class, expected to be commissioned in 2026. In 2021, three units were ordered by Greece for the Hellenic Navy and form the Kimon class. Amiral Ronarc'h, the lead ship of the class, was laid down on 17 December 2021.[10] Commissioning of the warship had been planned from 2024 onwards but it was reported that delays in the fitting out and sea trials would push that date, as well as its entry into full service, into 2026.[11][12]

NameFrégate de Défense et d'Intervention (FDI)
BuildersNaval Group
Quick facts Class overview, Name ...
Amiral Ronarc'h in New York during its Atlantic deployment in April 2026
Class overview
NameFrégate de Défense et d'Intervention (FDI)
BuildersNaval Group
Operators
Preceded by
Subclasses
Cost
  • 2.1 billion (2017) (equivalent to 2.3 billion in 2022)[1] for 5 units
  • 3.5 billion (2017) (equivalent to 3.9 billion in 2022)[1] including development costs
Built2019–present
In serviceFrom 2025
In commissionFrom 2026 (expected)
Planned
  • 13 total:
  • 5 (FN)
  • 4 (HN)
  • 4 (SN)
Building7 (4 x FN, 3 x HN)
Completed2 (1 x FN, 1 x HN)
General characteristics
TypeGeneral-purpose frigate
Displacement4,460 t (4,390 long tons)
Length122 m (400 ft 3 in)
Beam17.7 m (58 ft 1 in)
Propulsion
SpeedMaximum: 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Endurance45 days[2]
Complement125 (+ 28 passengers)
Sensors &
processing systems
  • Naval Group Setis® 3.0 Combat Management System
  • Thales SEA FIRE 4D AESA S-band multi-function radar
  • Thales KingKlip Mk2 hull-mounted sonar
  • Thales CAPTAS-4 Compact towed array sonar
  • Thales Aquilon digital communication system
  • Thales SURFSAT-L SATCOM terminal with Syracuse IV satellite link
  • Terma SCANTER X-band navigation radar
  • Wärtsilä NACOS X-band navigation radar
  • iXblue Marins inertial navigation system
  • iXblue Netans navigation data distribution system
  • Thales STIR 1.2 EO Mk2 medium- and long-range tracking radar system for gunfire control
  • Safran PASEO XLR extra long-range EO/IR and FCS system
  • Bertin Technologies 360° TV/IR camera surveillance system
  • Thales BlueGate E-scan IFF system
Electronic warfare
& decoys
  • Thales SENTINEL R-ESM system
  • Thales ALTESSE-H C-ESM system
  • Naval Group CMLS with CANTO anti-torpedo decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried
Close

Development

The Intermediate-size Frigate (FTI) program was a response to the requirement for fifteen first-class frigates to allow the French Navy to operate in a crisis zone, as recommended in the White Paper on Defense and National Security of 2013. This would see the five FTI ships join the ten FREMM multipurpose frigates (Aquitaine class) and Horizon class.

2016 model of a Frégate de défense et d'intervention.

Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian announced the launch of the five-ship program on 29 May 2015 at the naval aviation base in Lann-Bihoué.[13] In 2021 it was reported that work on the second and third frigates in the series would be accelerated[2] with first steel cut for modules of the second ship of the class envisaged for October.[14]

The FTIs, of a contained size, would better correspond to the demands of the export markets according to the Direction générale de l'armement (DGA; English: Directorate General of Armaments) and also make it possible to maintain the development and production capacities of the French shipyards.[citation needed]

These ships will incrementally supersede the La Fayette-class frigates, in the role of first rank frigates, replacing all five frigates of that class by 2035.[15] In the interim, a modernization of three vessels in the La Fayette class is being undertaken to extend their useful lives into the early 2030s. In November 2022 it was announced that the first two FDI frigates (Amiral Ronarc'h and Amiral Louzeau) would be based at Brest.[16]

The FDI will have significant anti-aircraft capabilities with active antenna radar and fixed planes, anti-submarine capabilities (helicopter and towed sonar), and will have a displacement of 4,000 to 4,500 tonnes (3,900 to 4,400 long tons). In 2025, Yannick Chenevard, a member of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee responsible for the navy budget, indicated that the fourth and fifth French navy FDIs would incorporate enhanced capabilities including 32 Aster surface-to-air missile silos instead of 16.[17] It was also indicated that this would be retroffited into the first three French frigates in the 2030s, and that all vessels of the class would receive 2 × 2 Sadral Mistral Simbad-RC point defence SAM (either fit from build or retrofit at a later date) to help deal with the rising threat posed by drones.[18]

The French Defence Ministry announced the award of a contract to DCNS for the development and construction of five intermediate-size frigates (FTIs) intended for the French Navy on 21 April 2017.[19] The frigates will be equipped with electronic systems and sensors developed by Thales[20] and Aster 30 missiles.[19]

  • The SEA FIRE fully digital multi-function radar with four fixed antennas, which will meet the requirements of a broad range of missions, from ship self-defence to extended air defence, and can deploy MBDA Aster 15/30. The first SEA FIRE radar was delivered for integration in the first frigate in April 2021.[21]
  • The compact version of the CAPTAS-4 towed-array sonar, delivers the same ultra-long-range detection performance as the original version of CAPTAS-4 with 20% lower weight and a footprint almost 50% smaller.[22]
  • The Aquilon integrated digital communications system and an IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) associated with the SEA FIRE radar.[23]
  • The SENTINEL system, an advanced digital electronic warfare system built around a modular architecture.[24]

The FDI was one of the four final contenders under evaluation by the Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) as replacements for its Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates. The RNoN intended to buy five vessels (with an option to purchase a sixth). In August 2025, Norway instead decided to purchase five Type 26 frigates, to be manufactured in the UK.[25][26]

Exports

Confirmed exports

Greece

In September 2021, Greece signed an agreement with France's Naval Group to purchase three FDI HN frigates with an option for one more for the Hellenic Navy as part of a $5 billion defence package. The FDI HN export version is also known as the Belharra-class frigate.[27][28][29]

It was reported that the Hellenic Navy ships would carry a more extensive weapons fit, capable of carrying up to 32 Aster-30 air defence missiles. This will permit the Hellenic Navy to operate three ships with 32 air defence missiles plus 21 point defence missiles in a Mk31 21-cell launcher of RAM Block 2B[6] surface-to-air missiles, 8 Block 3 Exocet anti-ship missiles, 2 dual launchers MU90 torpedoes and SYLENA Mk1 decoy launching systems (DLS) for CANTO anti-torpedo decoys. Two of the vessels, destined for the French Navy in 2025, now will be delivered to the Hellenic Navy. The date of the construction agreement was anticipated to be at late 2021 or early 2022.[30]

In December 2021 it was reported that an agreement for construction had been signed by France and Greece[31] with the actual contract for the construction of the ships having been signed on 24 March 2022.[32][33] In February 2022, documents released by the Greek Parliament indicated that initially the first two frigates for the Hellenic Navy would be equipped similar to their French counterparts in a "Standard-1" configuration (with 16 Sylver A50 cells). By 2027 the two ships would be upgraded to a "Standard-2" configuration with 32 A-50 cells as well as with the RAM Block 2B. The third Hellenic Navy frigate would be built from the outset in the "Standard-2" configuration.[34]

According to the Hellenic Navy, the ships will be named after three great ancient Greek admirals: Cimon (Greek: Κίμων, romanized: Kimon), Nearchus (Νέαρχος, Nearchos) and Phormio (Φορμίων, Formion).[35] These names had previously been used for the ex-US Charles F. Adams-class destroyers in service with the Hellenic Navy from 1991 to 2004.[citation needed]

Since 2022, 70 contracts have been signed with Greek companies participating in the frigates' construction, invovling vessels for both the Greek and French navies.[36][37][38] In addition to other contracts, contracts concerning construction of pre-outfitted blocks in Salamis Shipyards and shipment to France for assembly, start from the third Greek frigate and involve both Greek and French frigates.[39] In May 2025, a MoU was signed with Hellenic Aerospace Industry on integrating the latter's counter-unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS) aboard the frigates.[40]

In 2024 it was decided to adjust the production sequence by reassigning the fourth and fifth vessels in the production series. The fourth vessel (the previous Amiral Louzeau - D661), previously assigned to France, would instead be allocated to Greece, while the fifth ship in the series (the previous Formion - F603), previously assigned to Greece, would be destined for the French Navy instead. Each vessel would be renamed accordingly.[41] It was unclear how this reallocation might impact the original intent to have the third Greek FDI built in an enhanced "Standard-2" configuration.[citation needed]

PN1 (F601 Kimon) delivered in a "hybrid" Standard 2 (essentially Standard 1 with the systems installed but not activated) on 18 December 2025 in France.[42] It will become Standard 2 and 2+, two years later on 31 October 2027 and Standard 2++ on 30 September 2029 all in Greece. PN2 (F602 Nearchos) will be delivered in full Standard 2 one year later on 31 October 2026 in France. It will become Standard 2+ on 31 January 2028 and Standard 2++ on 30 April 2029 in Greece. PN3 (F603 Formion) will be delivered in full Standard 2+ on 30 April 2027 in France and will become Standard 2++ on 30 June 2029 in Greece. PN4 (F600 Themistokles) will be delivered in full Standard 2+ on 31 December 2028 in France and will become Standard 2++ on 31 March 2030 in Greece.

Sweden

The Swedish Navy is planning to acquire four new surface combatants focused on air-defence and anti-submarine warfare between 2030-2035. The initial plan was for the so-called Luleå-class frigate to be a clean sheet design by Saab, but due to the aggressive timeline for getting the ships into service an "off the shelf" purchase is now being considered. In June 2025 France and Sweden signed a defence cooperation roadmap which positioned the FDI frigate as a contender for the Luleå class. The Swedish Defence Material Administration (FMV) later confirmed that it was evaluating the potential procurement of ships from several different suppliers.[43][44] In May 2026, Sweden announced that they will purchase FDI frigates with a planned delivery starting in 2030.

Although the ships will be built by Naval Group in France, they will be fitted with many Swedish weapon systems and sensors like Saab RBS 15 anti-ship missile, SLWT torpedo, Giraffe 1X radar and Trackfire remote weapon station, together with BAE systems Bofors 57 and 40 mm naval guns. They will also be armed with MBDA CAMM-ER missiles.[45] They will also be serviced and maintained in Sweden.[46]

Potential exports

Indonesia

In May 2024, France offered Indonesia the FDI in a full multi-mission configuration. The offer encompasses the potential for local manufacturing, the inclusion of Aster 15/30 missiles, the SETIS Combat Management System, an AESA radar, a guarantee free from ITAR restrictions, and a construction period of 36 months. Depending on Indonesia's requirements, the FDI can be equipped with various Tactical Data Link networks, such as Link 11, Link 16, Link 22, and Link Y. During the presentation to Indonesia, one of the slide shows a variant of the Belharra with thirty-two cells of Sylver vertical launching system with Aster 15/30 missiles, CIWS, 76 mm gun, eight MM40 Block 3 Exocet missiles. A thorough educational and training program has also been suggested for the TNI AL staff who will be in charge of operating the ship. The offer stated that the initial FDI for Indonesia could be built in France within a span of thirty-six months. PT PAL Indonesia would undertake the construction of subsequent FDIs locally.[citation needed]

Akin to the approach with Scorpène Evolved, France is also receptive to the concept of complete local production starting from the first ship.[47]

Denmark

The Danish Navy is planning to acquire three new surface combatants focused on air-defence. In January 2026, the French Navy paid a marketing visit in Copenhagen.[48]

Ships

More information No., Name ...
No. Name Builder Status Contract Laid down Launched Comm. Notes
 Marine Nationale
(5 ordered)
D660 Amiral Ronarc'h Naval Group, Lorient, France Sea trials (post acceptance)
[49]
Apr 2017
[50]
17 Dec 2021
[51]
7 Nov 2022
[52][53][54]
Summer 2026
[2][6][55]
Delivered 17 Oct 2025.[56][57]
D661 Amiral Louzeau [fr] Fitting out 29 Mar 2021
[58]
Autumn 2024
[59]
16 May 2026
[60]
2027
[30][41][61]
Steel cut on ship modules July 2023.[62][41]
D662 Amiral Louzeau [fr] Under construction 2029 / 2030
[63][64]
First steel cut in Oct 2024.[57]
D663 Amiral Nomy [fr] On order 24 Dec 2025
[65][66]
2031
[64]
D664 Amiral Cabanier [fr] On order 31 Mar 2026
[67]
2032
[64]
 Hellenic Navy
Kimon class (4 ordered)
F-601 Kimon Naval Group, Lorient, France In service 24 Mar 2022
[68]
21 Oct 2022
[52]
28 Sep 2023[69]
(ceremony - 4 Oct 2023)[70]
18 Dec 2025
[71]
Joined the Hellenic Navy fleet the 15 Jan 2026.[72][35]
F-602 Nearchos
[35]
Sea trials since 4 Feb 2026
[73]
Late 2023
[74]
19 Sep 2024
[75]
31 Oct 2026
[76]
First steel cut on ship modules in Jul 2022.
[73]
F-603 Formion
[35]
Fitting out 15 Apr 2024
[77]
4 Jun 2025
[78]
Dec 2026
[76]
First steel cut on ship modules in summer 2022.
[79][2][41]
F-600 Themistokles
[80][81]
Under construction 14 Nov 2025
[82][83]
Dec 2028
[84][76]
First steel cut 30 Jun 2025.
 Swedish Navy
Luleå class (4 planned)
TBD Luleå[85] Naval Group, Lorient, France Planned - - 2030
TBD Norrköping[85] Planned - - 2031
TBD Halmstad[85] Planned - - 2032
TBD Trelleborg[85] Planned - - 2033
Close
  Planned dates

NOTE: The French Navy does not use the term "destroyer" but rather classifies these vessels as "first-rate frigates". Nevertheless, they are identified with the NATO "D" designation which ranks them in the destroyer class, instead of ranking them with an "F" designation as frigates. As of 2023, all French warships are having their hull numbers removed in order to reduce the ability to identify individual ships.[86][87]

Operational history

The FDI saw its first operational deployment during the 2026 Iran war. In March 2026, the Hellenic Navy dispatched its first ship of the Kimon class, Kimon along with the Hydra-class frigate Psara and two pairs of F-16 fighter jets of the Hellenic Air Force to Cyprus, in order to provide air defence against Iranian drone attacks.[88]

See also

References

Further reading

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