Antakirinja people
Aboriginal Australian people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Antakirinja, otherwise spelt Antakarinya, and alternatively spoken of as the Ngonde,[a] are an indigenous Australian people of South Australia.
Many people who previously identified as Antikirinya now instead identify as Yankunytjatjara.[2]
Name
The name Antakarinya is almost certainly of Arrandic origin. A probable etymology is antekerre ("south") and -nye (a suffix attached to directions or places indicating something from there).[3]
Norman Tindale held the name means "westerners", from andakara ("west"). Wilkins & Petch (1997) states it is probably from Lower Arrernte, from the words antekerre ("west") and -arenye ("originating from").[3]
Language
Antakarinya language is a Western Desert language belonging to the Wati language family of the Pama–Nyungan languages.
Country
Norman Tindale estimated the total range of lands to extend over roughly 24,500 square miles (63,000 km2). They lived around the headwaters of four rivers, the Hamilton, Alberga, Wintinna, and Lora, and northwards over the modern border as far as Kulgera in the Northern Territory. Their southern frontiers, just before the start of the gibber desert terrain, ran down to Mount Willoughby, Arckaringa, and the Stuart Range, close to the Kokata territory at Coober Pedy. The line separating them from the Matuntara tribe roughly coincides with the northern reaches of the bluebush plains.[1]
Social organization
The Antakarinya were composed of several hordes.
- Walarangunja (eastern Everard Ranges)
- Kadjilaranda (clan north of the eastern Everard Ranges)[1]
Christopher Giles, a Telegraph Stationmaster at Charlotte Waters, wrote about their social organization (according to Norman Tindale, Giles' data is incorrectly ascribed to the Antakarinya and actually refers to Arrernte).[4] Giles wrote in 1875 they had four class names:
- Parroola
- Panungka
- Booltara
- Koomurra[5]
According to Giles, the marriage relations of the four were tabulated in the following manner:[6][7]
| Male | Marries | Children are |
|---|---|---|
| Parroola | Panungka | Koomurra |
| Panungka | Parroola | Booltara |
| Booltara | Koomurra | Poonungka (sic) |
| Koomurra | Booltara | Parroola |
Further reading
- Ingkama Bobby Brown; Petter Attila Naessan, Irrititja – The Past: Antikirrinya History from Ingomar Station and Beyond, Keeaira Press, 2012[8]
Alternative names
- Antakarinja, Antakerinya, Antakerrinya,[5] Andagirinja, Andagarinja, Andekerinja (Arrernte pronunciation), Andekarinja, Antekarinja, Andigarinya
- Andigirinji, Antingari, Andigari, Andgari
- Andegilliga, Andigarina, Antigari, Andigiri, Anjirigna
- Anterrikanya, Antegarinya, Antigerinya,[9] Andjirigna
- Untergerrie
- Aldolinga
- Ngonde
- Tangara
- Yandairunga
- Njuntundjara (Yankuntjatjarra exonym)
- Walarangunja
- Walarenunga
- Kadjilaranda
- Aluna (language name for southern bands)[1]