Arkansas's congressional delegations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arkansas has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives since it became a state in 1836,[1] with the exception of the Civil War and Reconstruction period between 1861 and 1868.[a][3] Before becoming a state, the Arkansas Territory elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress, beginning with the 16th United States Congress in 1819.[4]: 88 Arkansas first sent a voting representative to Congress in the 25th United States Congress, following its statehood.[4]: 115

Each U.S. state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Arkansas senators were elected by the Arkansas General Assembly; afterwards, senators were elected directly by the people of the state.[5]
Each state elects at least one member of the House to a two-year term. The number of House members is proportional to the state's share of the national population, and changes every ten years with the results of the United States Census.[6][7] Arkansas's representation began with one representative immediately after statehood, and peaked from 1903 to 1953 following the 1900 United States census, with seven seats in the House. Arkansas has sent four members to the House in each congressional delegation since 1963.[8]
As a senator for 34 years, from 1942 to 1977, John L. McClellan was the longest-serving senator to represent Arkansas in Congress.[9] The current dean, or longest-serving incumbent, of Arkansas's congressional delegation is senator John Boozman, who has represented Arkansas in Congress since 2001.[10] While Arkansas politics was dominated by the Democratic Party from the 1870s to the 1960s, Arkansas's current delegation consists entirely of Republicans. Some scholars consider the 2010 elections the beginning of the modern rise of the Arkansas Republican Party.[11]
Current delegation
Arkansas
|
Class II senator | Class III senator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tom Cotton (Junior senator) (Little Rock) |
John Boozman (Senior senator) (Rogers) | |||
| Party | Republican | Republican | ||
| Incumbent since | January 3, 2015 | January 3, 2011 |
Arkansas's current congressional delegation in the 119th Congress consists of two senators and four representatives, all of whom are Republicans. The state has had four representatives in the House since 1963, following the 1960 census.[4]: 41 The current dean, or longest-serving incumbent,[13] of the Arkansas delegation is Senator John Boozman, who has represented Arkansas in the Senate since 2011 and in Congress since 2001.[10]
The Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) is a measure of how strongly partisan a state is.[14]: 274 For each district or state, the CPVI measures the party leaning (Democratic or Republican) and the number of percentage points more partisan than the national average. For instance, a rating of R+4 would mean the district or state voted four percentage points more Republican than the national average, while a rating of D+9 would mean the district or state voted nine points more Democratic than the national average.[15] As of 2025, the CPVI rated all four districts in Arkansas as leaning Republican, with the 1st district, represented by Rick Crawford in the House, leaning most heavily at R+23, and the 2nd district, represented by French Hill in the House, leaning the least at R+8.[16] The CPVI gave Arkansas an R+15 rating as a whole.[12]
| District | Member (Residence)[17] |
Party | Incumbent since | CPVI (2025)[16] |
District map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Rick Crawford (Jonesboro) |
Republican | January 3, 2011[18] | R+23 | |
| 2nd | French Hill (Little Rock) |
Republican | January 3, 2015[19] | R+8 | |
| 3rd | Steve Womack (Rogers) |
Republican | January 3, 2011[20] | R+13 | |
| 4th | Bruce Westerman (Hot Springs) |
Republican | January 3, 2015[21] | R+20 |
United States Senate



35 people have served as a U.S. senator from Arkansas, consisting of 33 men and two women, as well as 28 Democrats and 7 Republicans.[9] Two, William K. Sebastian and Charles B. Mitchel, were expelled from the Senate because of Arkansas's secession from the Union at the start of the American Civil War; Sebastian was the only senator from a Confederate state to later be reinstated, albeit posthumously.[22]: 95–98 After her husband's death in office, Hattie Caraway, became the first woman to be elected to a full term in the Senate, after finishing his term.[23]: 123 The longest-serving senator from Arkansas, John L. McClellan, chaired many Senate committees during his 34 years in office, including the Senate Committee on Government Operations and the Senate Appropriations Committee.[9][24] For some time, he served with J. William Fulbright, known for the Fulbright Program, establishing an American student exchange program; his chairing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, resulting in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and Fulbright hearings; and his opposition to the civil rights movement.[25]: 21–22 [26] Other senators from Arkansas also served in leadership roles in the Senate, including Joseph T. Robinson, who served as Senate Majority Leader,[27] and Ambrose Sevier and James P. Clarke, who both served as president pro tempore of the Senate.[3]
Senators are elected every six years depending on their class, with each senator serving a six-year term and elections for senators occurring every two years; the class up for re-election rotates such that each election, around one-third of the seats in the Senate are up for election.[28] Arkansas's senators are elected in classes II and III. Currently, Arkansas is represented in the Senate by Tom Cotton and John Boozman.[29]
| Class II senator | Congress | Class III senator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William S. Fulton (J) | 24th (1835–1837) | Ambrose H. Sevier (J) | ||
| William S. Fulton (D)[b] | 25th (1837–1839) | Ambrose H. Sevier (D)[c] | ||
| 26th (1839–1841) | ||||
| 27th (1841–1843) | ||||
| 28th (1843–1845) | ||||
| Chester Ashley (D)[d] | ||||
| 29th (1845–1847) | ||||
| 30th (1847–1849) | ||||
| William K. Sebastian (D)[e] | Solon Borland (D)[f] | |||
| 31st (1849–1851) | ||||
| 32nd (1851–1853) | ||||
| 33rd (1853–1855) | ||||
| Robert Ward Johnson (D) | ||||
| 34th (1855–1857) | ||||
| 35th (1857–1859) | ||||
| 36th (1859–1861) | ||||
| 37th (1861–1863) | Charles B. Mitchel (D)[g] | |||
| vacant[h] | vacant[h][i] | |||
| 38th (1863–1865) | ||||
| 39th (1865–1867) | ||||
| 40th (1867–1869) | ||||
| Alexander McDonald (R) | Benjamin F. Rice (R) | |||
| 41st (1869–1871) | ||||
| Powell Clayton (R) | 42nd (1871–1873) | |||
| 43rd (1873–1875) | Stephen W. Dorsey (R) | |||
| 44th (1875–1877) | ||||
| Augustus H. Garland (D)[j] | 45th (1877–1879) | |||
| 46th (1879–1881) | James D. Walker (D) | |||
| 47th (1881–1883) | ||||
| 48th (1883–1885) | ||||
| 49th (1885–1887) | James K. Jones (D) | |||
| James H. Berry (D) | ||||
| 50th (1887–1889) | ||||
| 51st (1889–1891) | ||||
| 52nd (1891–1893) | ||||
| 53rd (1893–1895) | ||||
| 54th (1895–1897) | ||||
| 55th (1897–1899) | ||||
| 56th (1899–1901) | ||||
| 57th (1901–1903) | ||||
| 58th (1903–1905) | James P. Clarke (D)[k] | |||
| 59th (1905–1907) | ||||
| Jeff Davis (D)[l] | 60th (1907–1909) | |||
| 61st (1909–1911) | ||||
| 62nd (1911–1913) | ||||
| John N. Heiskell (D)[m] | ||||
| William M. Kavanaugh (D) | ||||
| Joseph T. Robinson (D)[n] | 63rd (1913–1915) | |||
| 64th (1915–1917) | ||||
| William F. Kirby (D) | ||||
| 65th (1917–1919) | ||||
| 66th (1919–1921) | ||||
| 67th (1921–1923) | Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)[o] | |||
| 68th (1923–1925) | ||||
| 69th (1925–1927) | ||||
| 70th (1927–1929) | ||||
| 71st (1929–1931) | ||||
| 72nd (1931–1933) | ||||
| Hattie Caraway (D) | ||||
| 73rd (1933–1935) | ||||
| 74th (1935–1937) | ||||
| 75th (1937–1939) | ||||
| John E. Miller (D)[p] | ||||
| 76th (1939–1941) | ||||
| 77th (1941–1943) | ||||
| Lloyd Spencer (D) | ||||
| John L. McClellan (D)[q] | 78th (1943–1945) | |||
| 79th (1945–1947) | J. William Fulbright (D)[r] | |||
| 80th (1947–1949) | ||||
| 81st (1949–1951) | ||||
| 82nd (1951–1953) | ||||
| 83rd (1953–1955) | ||||
| 84th (1955–1957) | ||||
| 85th (1957–1959) | ||||
| 86th (1959–1961) | ||||
| 87th (1961–1963) | ||||
| 88th (1963–1965) | ||||
| 89th (1965–1967) | ||||
| 90th (1967–1969) | ||||
| 91st (1969–1971) | ||||
| 92nd (1971–1973) | ||||
| 93rd (1973–1975) | ||||
| 94th (1975–1977) | Dale Bumpers (D) | |||
| 95th (1977–1979) | ||||
| Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D) | ||||
| David Pryor (D) | 96th (1979–1981) | |||
| 97th (1981–1983) | ||||
| 98th (1983–1985) | ||||
| 99th (1985–1987) | ||||
| 100th (1987–1989) | ||||
| 101st (1989–1991) | ||||
| 102nd (1991–1993) | ||||
| 103rd (1993–1995) | ||||
| 104th (1995–1997) | ||||
| Tim Hutchinson (R) | 105th (1997–1999) | |||
| 106th (1999–2001) | Blanche Lincoln (D) | |||
| 107th (2001–2003) | ||||
| Mark Pryor (D) | 108th (2003–2005) | |||
| 109th (2005–2007) | ||||
| 110th (2007–2009) | ||||
| 111th (2009–2011) | ||||
| 112th (2011–2013) | John Boozman (R) | |||
| 113th (2013–2015) | ||||
| Tom Cotton (R) | 114th (2015–2017) | |||
| 115th (2017–2019) | ||||
| 116th (2019–2021) | ||||
| 117th (2021–2023) | ||||
| 118th (2023–2025) | ||||
| 119th (2025–2027) | ||||
United States House of Representatives




Arkansas has been represented in the House since 1819, when James Woodson Bates was sent to Congress as a delegate from Arkansas Territory, except for during the American Civil War.[4]: 162, 166, 170 Because Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy during the war, its representatives were sent to the Confederate States Congress instead. Robert Ward Johnson, who previously served as both a representative and senator from Arkansas, and Albert Rust, who was a sitting member of Congress from Arkansas during secession, both later served in the Confederate Congress.[2]: 228–229, 231–232
Many representatives from Arkansas have held leadership roles in the House. William A. Oldfield served as the House Minority Whip for the Democratic Party.[45] Wilbur Mills was elected in 1938, serving as the powerful chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee from 1957 until his retirement in 1977, following scandals related to his alcoholism and an affair with stripper Fanne Foxe.[46]: 1 [47] Some representatives have gone on to serve in other political and judicial offices after their time in Congress, including Thomas C. McRae, who later served as governor of Arkansas;[48]: 1 Tim Griffin, who later served as lieutenant governor of Arkansas;[49] Asa Hutchinson, who later became governor of Arkansas and led both the Drug Enforcement Administration and part of the Department of Homeland Security;[50] and Ray Thornton, who later served on the Arkansas Supreme Court.[51]
Each district uses a popular vote to elect a member of Arkansas's delegation in the House of Representatives.[6] Districts are redrawn every ten years, after data from the US Census is collected.[52] While it has sent varying numbers of representatives to Congress over the years, Arkansas has sent four representatives to the House since 1963, following the 1960 United States census.[8] Arkansas is currently represented in the House by four Republicans: Rick Crawford, French Hill, Steve Womack, and Bruce Westerman.
Historical timeline
1819–1836: 1 non-voting delegate
The Arkansas Territory was created on March 2, 1819, and it sent a non-voting delegate to the House.[53][4]: 88
| Congress | Delegate from Territory's at-large district |
|---|---|
| 16th (1819–1821) | James Woodson Bates (I) |
| 17th (1821–1823) | |
| 18th (1823–1825) | Henry W. Conway (DR)[s] |
| 19th (1825–1827) | |
| 20th (1827–1829) | |
| Ambrose H. Sevier (J) | |
| 21st (1829–1831) | |
| 22nd (1831–1833) | |
| 23rd (1833–1835) | |
| 24th (1835–1837) |
1836–1853: 1 seat
Following statehood on June 15, 1836, Arkansas had one seat in the House.[4]: 111
| Congress | At-large district |
|---|---|
| 24th (1835–1837) | Archibald Yell (J) |
| 25th (1837–1839) | Archibald Yell (D) |
| 26th (1839–1841) | Edward Cross (D) |
| 27th (1841–1843) | |
| 28th (1843–1845) | |
| 29th (1845–1847) | Archibald Yell (D)[t] |
| Thomas Willoughby Newton (W) | |
| 30th (1847–1849) | Robert Ward Johnson (D) |
| 31st (1849–1851) | |
| 32nd (1851–1853) |
1853–1863: 2 seats
Following the 1850 census, Arkansas was apportioned two seats in the House.[4]: 146
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district |
|---|---|---|
| 33rd (1853–1855) | Alfred B. Greenwood (D) |
Edward A. Warren (D) |
| 34th (1855–1857) | Albert Rust (D) | |
| 35th (1857–1859) | Edward A. Warren (D) | |
| 36th (1859–1861) | Thomas C. Hindman (D)[u] | Albert Rust (D) |
| 37th (1861–1863) | vacant during the Civil War[v] | |
1863–1873: 3 seats
Following the 1860 census, Arkansas was apportioned three seats.[4]: 41
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38–39th (1863–1865) | vacant during the Civil War and Reconstruction[v][w] | ||
| 40th (1867–1869) | |||
| Logan H. Roots (R) | James M. Hinds (R)[x] | Thomas Boles (R) | |
| James T. Elliott (R) | |||
| 41st (1869–1871) | Anthony A. C. Rogers (D) | ||
| 42nd (1871–1873) | James M. Hanks (D) | Oliver P. Snyder (R) | John Edwards (LR)[y] |
| Thomas Boles (R) | |||
1873–1883: 4 seats
Following the 1870 census, Arkansas was apportioned four seats.[4]: 41
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | At-large |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43rd (1873–1875) | Asa Hodges (R) | Oliver P. Snyder (R) | William W. Wilshire (R)[z] | William J. Hynes (LR) |
| Thomas M. Gunter (D) |
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44th (1875–1877) | Lucien C. Gause (D) | William F. Slemons (D) | William W. Wilshire (D) | Thomas M. Gunter (D) |
| 45th (1877–1879) | Jordan E. Cravens (D) | |||
| 46th (1879–1881) | Poindexter Dunn (D) | |||
| 47th (1881–1883) | James K. Jones (D) |
1883–1893: 5 seats
Following the 1880 census, Arkansas was apportioned five seats.[4]: 41
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | At-large |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48th (1883–1885) | Poindexter Dunn (D) | James K. Jones (D) | John Henry Rogers (D) | Samuel W. Peel (D) | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) |
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | 5th district |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49th (1885–1887) | Poindexter Dunn (D) | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) |
vacant[aa] | John Henry Rogers (D) | Samuel W. Peel (D) |
| Thomas C. McRae (D) | |||||
| 50th (1887–1889) | |||||
| 51st (1889–1891) | William H. Cate (D)[ab] | ||||
| Lewis Featherstone (SL) | vacant[ac] | ||||
| Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) | |||||
| 52nd (1891–1893) | William H. Cate (D) | William L. Terry (D) |
1893–1903: 6 seats
Following the 1890 census, Arkansas was apportioned six seats.[4]: 41
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | 5th district | 6th district |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53rd (1893–1895) | Philip D. McCulloch Jr. (D) |
Clifton R. Breckinridge (D)[ad] |
Thomas C. McRae (D) |
William L. Terry (D) | Hugh A. Dinsmore (D) | Robert Neill (D) |
| John S. Little (D) | ||||||
| 54th (1895–1897) | ||||||
| 55th (1897–1899) | Stephen Brundidge Jr. (D) | |||||
| 56th (1899–1901) | ||||||
| 57th (1901–1903) | Charles C. Reid (D) |
1903–1953: 7 seats
Following the 1900 census, Arkansas was apportioned seven seats.[4]: 41
1953–1963: 6 seats
Following the 1950 census, Arkansas was apportioned six seats.[8]
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | 5th district | 6th district |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 83rd (1953–1955) | Ezekiel C. Gathings (D) | Wilbur Mills (D) | James William Trimble (D) |
Oren Harris (D) | Brooks Hays (D) | William F. Norrell (D)[am] |
| 84th (1955–1957) | ||||||
| 85th (1957–1959) | ||||||
| 86th (1959–1961) | Dale Alford (D) | |||||
| 87th (1961–1963) | ||||||
| Catherine D. Norrell (D) |
1963–present: 4 seats
Since the 1960 census, Arkansas has been apportioned four seats.[8]
| Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 88th (1963–1965) | Ezekiel C. Gathings (D) | Wilbur Mills (D) | James William Trimble (D) |
Oren Harris (D)[an] |
| 89th (1965–1967) | ||||
| David Pryor (D) | ||||
| 90th (1967–1969) | John Paul Hammerschmidt (R) | |||
| 91st (1969–1971) | Bill Alexander (D) | |||
| 92nd (1971–1973) | ||||
| 93rd (1973–1975) | Ray Thornton (D) | |||
| 94th (1975–1977) | ||||
| 95th (1977–1979) | Jim Guy Tucker (D) | |||
| 96th (1979–1981) | Ed Bethune (R) | Beryl Anthony Jr. (D) | ||
| 97th (1981–1983) | ||||
| 98th (1983–1985) | ||||
| 99th (1985–1987) | Tommy F. Robinson (D) | |||
| 100th (1987–1989) | ||||
| 101st (1989–1991) | ||||
| Tommy F. Robinson (R) | ||||
| 102nd (1991–1993) | Ray Thornton (D) | |||
| 103rd (1993–1995) | Blanche Lincoln (D) | Tim Hutchinson (R) | Jay Dickey (R) | |
| 104th (1995–1997) | ||||
| 105th (1997–1999) | Marion Berry (D) | Vic Snyder (D) | Asa Hutchinson (R)[ao] | |
| 106th (1999–2001) | ||||
| 107th (2001–2003) | Mike Ross (D) | |||
| John Boozman (R) | ||||
| 108th (2003–2005) | ||||
| 109th (2005–2007) | ||||
| 110th (2007–2009) | ||||
| 111th (2009–2011) | ||||
| 112th (2011–2013) | Rick Crawford (R) | Tim Griffin (R) | Steve Womack (R) | |
| 113th (2013–2015) | Tom Cotton (R) | |||
| 114th (2015–2017) | French Hill (R) | Bruce Westerman (R) | ||
| 115th (2017–2019) | ||||
| 116th (2019–2021) | ||||
| 117th (2021–2023) | ||||
| 118th (2023–2025) | ||||
| 119th (2025–2027) |
See also
Notes
- Arkansas sent its congressional delegation to the Confederate States Congress during the Civil War.[2]: 227
- Sevier resigned in 1848, while in office, after being appointed as an American commissioner in the ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.[31][32]: 324
- Sebastian was expelled from the Senate on July 11, 1861, on account of Arkansas' secession from the Union. He was the only senator from a Confederate state to later be symbolically reinstated, albeit posthumously, in 1877.[22]: 95–98
- Mitchel was expelled from the Senate on July 11, 1861, on account of Arkansas' secession from the Union.[22]: 95–98
- From secession to readmission to the Union, Arkansas did not participate in the Senate.[3] Congressional representation from Arkansas was instead sent to the Confederate States Congress.[2]: 227
- Augustus Hill Garland presented credentials as a senator-elect to the 40th United States Congress in 1867 but was not permitted to serve.[37]: 339
- Garland served in the Senate until 1885, when president Grover Cleveland appointed him to serve as Attorney General.[3][37]: 341
- Clarke died on October 1, 1916, while serving in office and as the president pro tempore of the Senate.[38]
- Heiskell was appointed by Arkansas governor George Washington Donaghey to the seat vacated by Davis, and served until Senator Kavanaugh was elected to the seat by the Arkansas General Assembly.[39]: 215–216
- Robinson died on July 14, 1937, while serving as Senate Majority Leader.[27]
- Miller resigned on March 31, 1941, to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.[40]
- Yell left fought in the Mexican-American War without resigning, and was killed in the Battle of Buena Vista on February 22, 1847, while in office.[55]
- Hindman was re-elected to the 37th Congress, but chose not to take his seat. He resigned from Congress upon Arkansas' secession from the Union.[56]: 61–62
- Arkansas' House seats were vacant during the 37th, 38th, and 39th Congresses.[4]: 162, 166, 170 Congressional representation was instead sent to the Confederate States Congress.[2]: 227
- James M. Johnson, T. M. Jacks, and Anthony A. C. Rogers were elected to the 38th Congress but were not permitted to serve because Arkansas had not yet been re-admitted to the Union.[4]: 166
- Edwards served in Congress until February 9, 1872, when his opponent, Thomas Boles, successfully challenged the election.[58]
- Wilshire served until Representative Thomas M. Gunter successfully challenged the election on June 17, 1874.[59]
- McRae was elected to fill the vacancy caused by James K. Jones, who had been elected to the next term, but resigned before the 49th Congress, having been elected to the United States Senate.[60][61]
- Breckinridge was initially declared elected to the 51st United States Congress and took his seat. John M. Clayton eventually successfully challenged the election, but was assassinated before the results of the challenge were announced. Thus, the House declared the seat vacant.[63] Breckinridge was then re-elected to finish the term.[64]
- Breckinridge resigned from the House on August 14, 1894, having been appointed Minister to Russia.[65]
- Robinson resigned his seat in the House on January 14, 1913, having been elected governor of Arkansas.[66]
- Ragon resigned from the House on June 15, 1933, having been appointed a judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.[70]
- Harris resigned from the House to become a judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas and United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas on February 2, 1966.[76]
- Hutchinson resigned from the House to serve as the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration on August 6, 2001.[77][78]



