List of Australian places named by James Cook
List of geographic locations named by explorer James Cook
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This is a list of Australian places named by James Cook. James Cook was the first navigator to chart most of the Australian east coast, one of the last major coastlines in the world unknown to Europeans at the time. Cook named many bays, capes and other geographic features, nearly all of which are still gazetted,[1] and most of which are still in use today, although in some places the spelling is slightly different. This is a list of the placenames he used in his first voyage listed from south to north as described on his 1773 chart[2] and in his journals.
List
| Name | Date (1770) | Reason for naming | Coords | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Point Hicks | 19 April | Lieutenant Zachary Hickes, "was the first who discover'd this land"
However, there is no land feature at Cook's coordinates. In 1970, Cape Everard was renamed Point Hicks. |
37°48′S 149°16′E | spelled his name Hickes, Cook wrote it without the "e" | |
| Ram Head | 19 April | Ramhead "go in to Plymouth Sound" | 37°46′S 149°29′E | ||
| Cape Howe | 20 April | Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe | 37°30′S 149°58′E | ||
| Cape Dromedary (Montague Island) | 21 April | A point running out from under Mount Dromedary. | 36°17′S 150°08′E | Cook mistook Montague Island for a headland.[3] | |
| Mount Dromedary | 21 April | "pretty high mountain laying near the shore which on account of its figure I named Mount Dromedary" | 36°17′51″S 150°01′00″E | now called Mount Gulaga | |
| Batemans Bay | 21 April | 35°42′S 150°11′E | |||
| Point Upright | 22 April | "on account of its perpendicular Clifts" | 35°37′S 150°19′E | ||
| Pigeon House | 22 April | "a remarkable peaked hill laying inland the top of which look'd like a Pigeon house" | 35°17′S 150°17′E | Marked on chart as Pidgeon House | |
| Cape St George | 23 April | discovered on St George's Day | 35°10′S 150°45′E | now Jervis Bay Territory | |
| Long Nose | 25 April | "on account of its Figure" | 34°48′S 150°40′E | now called Beecroft Peninsula (to the north of Jervis Bay) | |
| Red Point | 25 April | red colour | 34°29′S 150°55′E | ||
| Point Solander | 28 April | Daniel Solander, botanist on board | 34°00′S 151°14′E | to the south of Botany Bay | |
| Botany Bay | 28 April – 6 May | "The great quantity of plants Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander found in this place occasioned my giving it the Name of Botany Bay" | 33°58′S 151°10′E | originally Stingray Harbour | |
| Cape Banks | 6 May | Joseph Banks | 33°59′S 151°15′E | to the north of Botany Bay | |
| Port Jackson | 6 May | George Jackson, a secretary of the Admiralty | 33°50′S 151°16′E | ||
| Broken Bay | 7 May | "broken land that appear'd to form a bay" | 33°34′07″S 151°19′00″E | Cook's Broken Bay was the area near Narrabeen Lake. | |
| Cape Three Points | 7 May | "high land which projected out in 3 bluff Points" | 33°29′S 151°26′E | between Copacabana and Avoca Beach | |
| Point Stephens | 11 May | Sir Philip Stephens, Secretary to the Admiralty (1763–95) | 32°44′S 152°12′E | On the coast near Fingal Bay, New South Wales | |
| Port Stephens | 11 May | Sir Philip Stephens, Secretary to the Admiralty | 32°41′46″S 152°08′30″E | ||
| Black Head | 11 May | 32°04′S 152°32′E | SE of Tinonee | ||
| Cape Hawke | 11 May | Sir Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, First Lord of the Admiralty | 32°12′S 152°34′E | ||
| Three Brothers | 12 May | "3 remarkable large high hills lying Contigious to each other... bore some resemblance to each other" | 31°39′52″S 152°46′26″E | called separately South Brother (31°44′37″S 152°40′15″E ), Middle Brother and North Brother | |
| Smoakey Cape | 13 May | "fires that Caused a great Quantity of smoke" on the cape | 30°54′S 153°06′E | ||
| Solitary Isles | 15 May | 29°55′S 153°23′E | |||
| Cape Byron | 15 May | John Byron | 28°37′58″S 153°38′20″E | Easternmost point of Australia | |
| Mount Warning | 16 May | breakers found within sight | 28°23′50″S 153°16′15″E | ||
| Point Danger | 16 May | Point off which shoals lie | 28°10′S 153°33′E | Cook's Point Danger was Fingal Head – 2n Miles South of the present-day Point Danger on the Qld–NSW border | |
| Point Lookout | 17 May | 27°26′S 153°33′E | North-eastern point of North Stradbroke Island[4] | ||
| Morton Bay | 17 May | James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, was President of the Royal Society | 27°15′S 153°15′E | Moreton was a later misspelling of Morton. What Cook named Morton Bay comprised the Pacific Ocean side of what is now called Moreton Island. The name Moreton Bay is now applied to larger expanse of water on the inland side of Moreton and Stradbroke Islands, comprising the mouth of the Brisbane River.[5] | |
| Cape Morton | 17 May | James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton | 27°01′S 153°28′E | Northern end of Moreton Island, now spelled as Cape Moreton.[6] | |
| Glasshouse Bay | 17 May | 27°04′S 153°17′E | Cook did not realise it was part of Moreton Bay; between Moreton Island and Bribie Island | ||
| The Glass Houses | 17 May | "on account of their singular form of elevation which very much resembles glass houses which occasioned my giving them that name" | 26°55′S 152°56′E | Now called Glass House Mountains.[7] | |
| Double Island Point | 18 May | "on account of its figure... the point itself is of such an unequal Height that it looks like 2 Small Islands laying under the land" | 25°55′57″S 153°11′12″E | [8] | |
| Wide Bay | 18 May | large open bay | 25°54′S 153°08′E | [9] | |
| Indian Head | 19 May | "on which a number of the Natives were Assembled" | 25°00′S 153°22′E | Eastern point of Fraser Island.[10] | |
| Sandy Cape | 20 May | sand | 24°41′52″S 153°15′21″E | Northern point of Fraser Island[11] | |
| Break Sea Spit | 21 May | "now we had smooth water, whereas upon the whole Coast to the Southward of it we had always a high Sea or swell from the South-East." | 24°25′S 153°13′E | shoal projecting north from the north tip of Fraser Island | |
| Herveys Bay | 21 May | Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol | 25°17′7″S 152°52′22″E | Now known as Hervey Bay.[12] | |
| South Head | 23 May | South head of Bustard Bay | 24°08′54″S 151°53′09″E | Now known as Round Hill Head, Cook's first landing in Queensland and second in Australia.[13] | |
| Bustard Bay | 23 May | "We saw some Bustards such as we have in England, one of which we kill’d … which occasioned my giving this place the name of Bustard Bay." | 24°06′S 151°49′E | Joseph Banks commented "At Dinner we eat the Bustard we had shot yesterday, it turnd out an excellent bird, far the best we all agreed that we have eat since we left England."[14][15] | |
| North Head | 23 May | North head of Bustard Bay | 24°01′S 151°46′E | Now known as Bustard Head.[16] | |
| Cape Capricorn | 25 May | Tropic of Capricorn | 23°28′S 151°13′E | NE point of Curtis Island.[17] | |
| Keppel Isles | 26 May | Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel | 23°10′30″S 150°57′40″E | Now known as the Keppel Islands.[18] Great Keppel Island largest of the group. | |
| Keppel Bay | 27 May | Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel | 23°23′S 150°53′E | [19] | |
| Cape Manyfold | 27 May | "from the Number of high Hills over it" | 22°41′S 150°50′E | Now known as Cape Manifold.[20] | |
| The Two Brothers | 28 May | 22°42′S 150°59′E | Now known as the Two Brothers island group. Matthew Flinders later named the individual islands Peaked Island and Flat Island.[21][22][23] | ||
| Island Head | 28 May | 22°20′S 150°39′E | A cape on an unnamed island off the coast of Shoalwater.[24] | ||
| Cape Townshend | 28 May | Charles Townshend, Lord of the Admiralty 1765–1770[25] | 22°12′S 150°29′E | The northern tip of Townshend Island in Shoalwater.[26][27] | |
| Shoal Water Bay | 28 May | Shoal water | 22°22′S 150°22′E | Now written as Shoalwater Bay.[28] | |
| Northumberland Isles | 28 May | 21°40′S 150°10′E | Now known as Northumberland Islands.[29] | ||
| Thirsty Sound | 30 May | "by reason we could find no fresh Water" | 22°10′S 149°58′E | [30] | |
| Bay of Inlets | 1 June | "the Number of Inlets, Creeks, etc., in it." | 22°19′S 149°50′E | Named a 100 km region of coastline from Cape Palmerston (south of Mackay) to Cape Townshend (name no longer in use) | |
| Long Isle | 1 June | 22°07′S 149°54′E | Now known as Long Island (part of the locality of Stanage).[31] | ||
| Broad Sound | 1 June | 22°10′S 149°45′E | A bay off the coast of St Lawrence and Carmila.[32] | ||
| Cape Palmerston | 1 June | Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Lord of the Admiralty, 1766–78 | 21°01′S 149°29′E | On the coast at Koumala.[33] | |
| Slade Point | 2 June | Sir Thomas Slade, Surveyor of the Navy and the designer of Nelson's HMS Victory. | 21°03′48″S 149°13′30″E | A headland on the coast of the locality also called Slade Point.[34] | |
| Cape Hillsborough | 2 June | Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire (the Earl of Hillsborough); First Secretary of State for the Colonies, and President of the Board of Trade | 20°54′22″S 149°02′48″E | On the coast of the locality of Cape Hillsborough, approx 30 kilometres (19 mi) NNW of Mackay.[35] | |
| Repulse Bay | 3 June | 20°33′S 148°45′E | [36] | ||
| Cape Conway | 3 June | General Henry Seymour Conway, Secretary of State 1765–68 | 20°31′S 148°54′E | [37] | |
| Whitsundays Passage | 4 June | discovered on Whitsunday | 20°17′40″S 148°52′44″E | Now known as Whitsunday Passage, between Hamilton Island, Whitsunday Island and the mainland.[38] | |
| Cumberland Isles | 4 June | Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, | 20°34′S 149°08′E | Now known as the Cumberland Islands.[39] | |
| Cape Gloucester | 4 June | Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh | 20°00′55″S 148°27′18″E | The cape Cook named was the island now known as Gloucester Island. Subsequently the Admirality's hydrographer transferred the name to the cape on the mainland immediately south of the island, which is still known as Cape Gloucester.[40][41] | |
| Holburn Isle | 4 June | Admiral Francis Holburne | 19°43′S 148°21′E | Now known as Holbourne Island, which is protected within the Holbourne Island National Park.[42][43][44] | |
| Edgecumbe Bay | 4 June | Captain George Edgcumbe, 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe commanded the Lancaster in the fleet in North America in 1758 in which Cook served. | 20°06′S 148°23′E | [45] | |
| Mount Upstart | 5 June | "because being surrounded with low land it starts or rises up singley at the first making of it" | 19°44′S 147°48′E | Believed to refer to the current Cape Upstart.[46] | |
| Cape Bowling Green | 5 June | 19°18′S 147°24′E | [47] | ||
| Cape Cleveland | 6 June | Either in honour of a John Clevland the Secretary to the Admiralty around that time, or after Cleveland, England where he was born.[48] Cook spelled the name with an "e", adding to the confusion. | 19°10′S 147°00′E | [49] | |
| Cleveland Bay | 6 June | 19°13′S 146°55′E | [50] | ||
| Magnetical Isle | 6 June | "the Compass did not traverse well when near it" | 19°08′S 146°50′E | Now known as Magnetic Island.[51] | |
| Palm Isles | 6 June | Joseph Banks and Zachary Hicks went ashore to collect coconuts, but found the palms to be cabbage palms | 18°44′S 146°35′E | Now known as Palm Islands.[52] | |
| Halifax Bay | 8 June | George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax was Secretary of State 1763–65 | 18°50′S 146°30′E | [53] | |
| Point Hillock | 8 June | 18°25′S 146°21′E | Now known as Hiilock Point on Hinchinbrook Island.[54] | ||
| Cape Sandwich | 8 June | John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich | 18°14′S 146°17′E | On Hinchinbrook Island.[55] | |
| Family Islands | 8 June | 18°01′S 146°10′E | [56] Dunk Island is the largest of the Family Islands. | ||
| Dunk Island | 8 June | George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax | 17°56′48″S 146°09′22″E | [57] | |
| Rockingham Bay | 8 June | Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham | 18°08′S 146°04′E | [58] | |
| Double Point | 8 June | 17°38′58″N 146°08′54″E | Easternmost point in the locality of Cowley Beach.[59] | ||
| Frankland Islands | 9 June | Admiral Sir Thomas Frankland, 5th Baronet | 17°09′49″S 146°00′42″E | ||
| Cape Grafton | 9 June | Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton was Prime Minister when Cook sailed | 16°51′55″S 145°55′00″E | ||
| Fitzroy Island | 9 June | 16°56′S 146°00′E | |||
| Green Island | 10 June | "a Low green woody Island" | 16°45′S 145°58′E | ||
| Trinity Bay | 10 June | discovered on Trinity Sunday | 16°54′S 145°47′E | ||
| Cape Tribulation | 10 June | "because here began all our Troubles" | 16°04′S 145°28′E | Cook hit a reef here, before changing course, and later that night hitting Endeavour Reef. | |
| Hope Island | 13 June | "we were always in hopes of being able to reach these Islands" | 15°43′S 145°27′E | ||
| Weary Bay | 13 June | 15°54′S 145°22′E | |||
| Endeavour River | 14 June – 4 August | HM Bark Endeavour | 15°27′30″S 145°14′00″E | Ship beached while repairs conducted, near modern-day Cooktown | |
| Cape Bedford | 4 August | Probably after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, who had been First Lord of the Admiralty, 1744–47 | 15°13′S 145°20′E | ||
| Cape Flattery | 10 August | "We now judged ourselves to be clear of all Danger, having, as we thought, a Clear, open Sea before us; but this we soon found otherwise" | 14°56′S 145°21′E | ||
| Islands of Direction | 10 August | 14°44′S 145°30′E | South Direction Island and North Direction Island | ||
| Point Lookout | 11 August | 14°49′S 145°13′E | Not to be confused with the Point Lookout which Cook had earlier so named, being the north-eastern point of North Stradbroke Island. | ||
| Lizard Island | 12 August | "only land Animals we saw here were Lizards, and these seem'd to be pretty Plenty" | 14°40′S 145°27′E | Lizard Island still enjoys a substantial population of huge monitor lizards. | |
| Eagle Island | 12 August | "We found on this Island a pretty number of Birds, the most of them sea Fowl, except Eagles; 2 of the Latter we shott and some of the others" | 14°41′S 145°22′E | ||
| Providential Channel | 17 August | providence | 12°36′S 143°49′E | ||
| Cape Weymouth | 17 August | Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, Viscount Weymouth was one of the Secretaries of State when the Endeavour sailed | 12°36′S 143°26′E | ||
| Weymouth Bay | 17 August | Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath | 12°29′S 143°20′E | ||
| Forbes Islands | 19 August | Admiral John Forbes was a Commissioner of Longitude in 1768, and had been a Lord of the Admiralty 1756–63 | 12°17′S 143°24′E | ||
| Bolt Head | 19 August | 12°15′S 143°06′E | |||
| Sir Charles Hardy's Isles | 18 August | 11°55′S 143°28′E | |||
| Temple Bay | 19 August | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, brother of George Grenville, was First Lord of the Admiralty in 1756 | 12°18′S 143°08′E | ||
| Cockburn Islands | 19 August | Admiral George Cockburn was a Commissioner of Longitude and Comptroller of the Navy when Cook left England. | 11°51′S 143°18′E | ||
| Cape Grenville | 19 August | George Grenville | 11°58′S 143°15′E | ||
| Shelburne Bay | 20 August | 11°49′S 142°58′E | |||
| Orfordness | 20 August | 11°17′S 142°49′E | |||
| New Castle Bay | 21 August | 10°53′S 142°36′E | |||
| York Cape | 21 August | Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany | 10°41′S 142°31′E | The northern tip of Australia's east coast now known as Cape York was named by Cook.[60] Cape York Peninsula is the entire promontory between the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Coral Sea (Pacific Ocean) and was not named by Cook (who did not enter the Gulf of Carpentaria), but its name is derived from the name Cook gave to its northern tip.[61] | |
| York Isles | 21 August | Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany | 10°41′S 142°31′E | ||
| Possession Island | 22 August | "in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third took possession of the whole Eastern coast from the above Latitude [38°S] down to this place by the Name of New Wales1"
However, the Admiralty's instructions[62] did not authorized Cook to annex New Holland (Australia), so there was no possession ceremony. Cook re-wrote his hilltop signalling drill as a possession ceremony when he learnt that the French had preceded him across the Pacific.[63] |
10°43′36″S 142°23′49″E | 1"The Admiralty copy, as well as that belonging to Her Majesty, calls it New South Wales." | |
| Prince of Wales's Isles | 22 August | George Augustus Frederick, Prince of Wales | 10°41′02″S 142°11′06″E | ||
| Cape Cornwall | 22 August | 10°46′S 142°11′E | SW point of Prince of Wales Island | ||
| Wallis Isles | 23 August | probably after Captain Samuel Wallis, who made a voyage across the Pacific in the Dolphin in 1767, and discovered Tahiti | 10°52′S 141°57′E | ||
| Endeavours Strait | 23 August | HMB Endeavour | 10°49′S 142°06′E | ||
| Booby Island | 23 August | "mostly a barren rock frequented by Birds, such as Boobies" | 10°36′S 141°54′E |