3-Aminoisobutyric acid

3-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acid or BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine and valine.^[1]

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3-Aminoisobutyric acid

Names
Preferred IUPAC name 3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid
Other names 3-Aminoisobutyrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	144-90-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:27389 Y
ChemSpider	58481 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.132
KEGG	C05145 Y
PubChem CID	64956
UNII	T68ALE2O9F Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10861821
InChI InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-3(2-5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Y Key: QCHPKSFMDHPSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c1-3(2-5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: QCHPKSFMDHPSNR-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES CC(CN)C(=O)O O=C(O)C(C)CN
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H9NO2
Molar mass	103.12 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

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During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles into the blood (concentration 2 to 3 μM in human serum). When BAIBA reaches white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in browning of white fat cells.^[2] One of the consequences of BAIBA activity is increased background metabolism of BAIBA target cells.

BAIBA is thought to play a number of roles in cell metabolism, regulation of fat burning, and regulation of insulin, blood triglycerides, and total cholesterol.^[3][4][5]

BAIBA is found as a normal metabolite of skeletal muscle (myokine). Its plasma concentrations are increased by exercise.^[6] The increased production is likely a result of enhanced mitochondrial activity,^[7] as this increase is also observed in muscle of PGC-1a overexpression mice. BAIBA is a proposed protective factor against metabolic disorders since it can induce brown fat function.^[2] But healthy diet with exercise is better.^{[8][9][6][10][11][12]}