Tin(IV) sulfide

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula SnS₂. A brown, water-insoluble solid, it is a semiconductor with band gap 2.2 eV.^[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.^[6]

Quick facts Names, Identifiers ...

Tin(IV) sulfide
Names
Sn⁴⁺(S²⁻)₂
IUPAC name Tin(IV) sulfide
Other names Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold
Identifiers
CAS Number	1315-01-1^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image (S=Sn=S): Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:50886^N
ChemSpider	21865812
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.867
EC Number	215-252-9
PubChem CID	73977 15238661 (S=Sn=S)
UNII	YVY89V9BUH^N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID101014322
InChI InChI=1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4^N[inchi] Key: TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N[inchi]
SMILES [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4] (S=Sn=S): S=[Sn]=S
Properties
Chemical formula	S₂Sn
Molar mass	182.83 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	Gold-yellow powder
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.5 g/cm³^[1]
Melting point	600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) decomposes^[1]
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility	Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia^[1] Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone^[2]
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hP3^[3]
Space group	P3m1, No. 164^[3]
Point group	3 2/m^[3]
Lattice constant	a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.88 Å^[3] α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Sn⁴⁺)^[3]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms	^[4]
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335^[4]
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313^[4]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	^[4] 1 0 0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Synthesis and structure

Fragment of the SnS₂ lattice. Color code: yellow = S, gray = Sn.

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H₂S to solutions containing tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. It can also be prepared by heating finely ground Sn with excess sulfur.^[7]

The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.^[8]

The material reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
₂]
_m[S]²ⁿ⁻
_n.^[9] A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is:

SnS₂ + S²⁻ → ⁠1x⁠[SnS₃²⁻]_x

Potential uses

Crystalline SnS₂ has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating^[10] where it is known as mosaic gold.

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It serves as an anode in prototypes of lithium-ion batteries.^[11] Intercalation with organometallic reagents is reversible.^[12]

It has also been evaluated as a component of supercapacitors, which could be used for energy storage.^[13]

References

[1]
Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
[2]
Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (February 1921). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 1080.
[3]
Voort, G.F. Vander, ed. (2004). "Crystal Structure*". Metallography and Microstructures. Vol. 9. pp. 29–43. doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003722. ISBN 978-1-62708-177-1.
[4]
"SDS of Stannic sulfide" (PDF). pfaltzandbauer.com. Connecticut, USA: Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
[5]
Burton, Lee A.; Whittles, Thomas J.; Hesp, David; Linhart, Wojciech M.; Skelton, Jonathan M.; Hou, Bo; Webster, Richard F.; O'Dowd, Graeme; Reece, Christian; Cherns, David; Fermin, David J.; Veal, Tim D.; Dhanak, Vin R.; Walsh, Aron (2016). "Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Crystal SnS₂: An Earth-Abundant Disulfide Photocatalyst". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 4 (4): 1312–1318. doi:10.1039/C5TA08214E. hdl:1983/fb4a478e-aa5e-4f09-abe3-dce1343f709d.
[6]
Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. ISBN 0-521-21489-0.
[7]
P. Baudler (1963). "Tin (IVj Sulfide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 741.
[8]
Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
[9]
P. Baudler (1963). "Sodium Metathiostannate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 742.
[10]
Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
[11]
Cupid, D. M.; Rezqita, A.; Glibo, A.; Artner, M.; Bauer, V.; Hamid, R.; Jahn, M.; Flandorfer, H. (2021). "Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin(IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Electrochim. Acta. 375 137936. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936.
[12]
O'Hare, D. (1992). "Structure, dynamics, and electronic properties of cobaltocene in SnS_2–xSe_x{0⩽x⩽2}". Chem. Soc. Rev. 21 (2): 121–126. doi:10.1039/CS9922100121.
[13]
Setayeshmehr, M.; Haghighi, M.; Mirabbaszadeh, K. (2021). "A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors". Energy Storage. 4.

Synthesis and structure

Potential uses

See also

References

External links

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