List of regions in the human brain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
Myelencephalon
- Medulla oblongata
- Medullary pyramids
- Arcuate nucleus
- Olivary body
- Rostral ventrolateral medulla
- Caudal ventrolateral medulla
- Solitary nucleus (Nucleus of the solitary tract)
- Respiratory center-Respiratory groups
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre
- Pre-Bötzinger complex
- Bötzinger complex
- Retrotrapezoid nucleus
- Nucleus retrofacialis
- Nucleus retroambiguus
- Nucleus para-ambiguus
- Paramedian reticular nucleus
- Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
- Parafacial zone
- Cuneate nucleus
- Gracile nucleus
- Perihypoglossal nuclei
- Area postrema
- Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
- Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Metencephalon
Pons verolli
- Pontine nuclei
- Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
- Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
- Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
- Abducens nucleus (VI)
- Facial nerve nucleus (VII)
- Vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
- Superior salivatory nucleus
- Pontine tegmentum
- Parabrachial area
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Subparabrachial nucleus (Kölliker-Fuse nucleus)
- Superior olivary complex
- Medial superior olive
- Lateral superior olive
- Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
- Paramedian pontine reticular formation
- Parvocellular reticular nucleus
- Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
- Cerebellar peduncles
Fourth ventricle
Cerebellum
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
- Tectum
- Pretectum
- Tegmentum
- Periaqueductal gray
- Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Midbrain reticular formation
- Dorsal raphe nucleus
- Red nucleus
- Ventral tegmental area
- Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
- Paranigral nucleus
- Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
- Caudal linear nucleus
- Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe
- Interfascicular nucleus
- Substantia nigra
- Interpeduncular nucleus
- Cerebral peduncle
- Mesencephalic cranial nerve nuclei
- Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)
Forebrain (prosencephalon)
Diencephalon
Epithalamus
- Pineal body (pineal gland)
- Habenular nuclei
- Stria medullaris
- Taenia thalami
Third ventricle
Thalamus
- Anterior nuclear group
- Anteroventral nucleus (a.k.a. ventral anterior nucleus)
- Anterodorsal nucleus
- Anteromedial nucleus
- Medial nuclear group
- Medial dorsal nucleus
- Midline nuclear group
- Paratenial nucleus
- Reuniens nucleus (a.k.a. medioventral nucleus)
- Rhomboidal nucleus
- Intralaminar nuclear group
- Centromedian nucleus
- Parafascicular nucleus
- Paracentral nucleus
- Central lateral nucleus
- Lateral nuclear group
- Ventral nuclear group
- Metathalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
Hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis)
- Anterior
- Medial area
- Parts of preoptic area
- Medial preoptic nucleus
- INAH 1
- INAH 2
- INAH 3
- INAH 4
- Median preoptic nucleus
- Medial preoptic nucleus
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Paraventricular nucleus
- Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
- Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- Parts of preoptic area
- Lateral area
- Parts of preoptic area
- Lateral preoptic nucleus
- Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
- Part of supraoptic nucleus
- Parts of preoptic area
- Other nuclei of preoptic area
- Median preoptic nucleus
- Periventricular preoptic nucleus
- Medial area
- Tuberal
- Medial area
- Lateral area
- Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
- Lateral tuberal nuclei
- Posterior
- Medial area
- Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
- Posterior nucleus
- Lateral area
- Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
- Medial area
- Surface
- Median eminence
- Mammillary bodies
- Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)
- Optic chiasm
- Subfornical organ
- Periventricular nucleus
- Tuber cinereum
- Tuberal nucleus
- Tuberomammillary nucleus
- Tuberal region
- Mammillary nucleus
Subthalamus (HPA axis)
Pituitary gland (HPA axis)
- Neurohypophysis
- Pars intermedia (Intermediate Lobe)
- Adenohypophysis
Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral hemispheres
White matter
Subcortical
- Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe)
- Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe)
- Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
- Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
- Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
- Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
- Extended amygdala
- Claustrum
- Basal ganglia
- Striatum
- Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum)
- Ventral striatum
- Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Striatum
- Basal forebrain
Rhinencephalon (paleocortex)
Cerebral cortex (neocortex)
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Cortex
- Primary visual cortex (V1)
- V2
- V3
- V4
- Gyri
- Lateral occipital gyrus
- Other
- Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex); 18, 19
- Cortex
- Temporal lobe
- Cortex
- Primary auditory cortex (A1)
- Secondary auditory cortex (A2)
- Inferior temporal cortex
- V5/MT
- Posterior inferior temporal cortex
- Gyri
- Brodmann areas: 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
- Other
- Cortex
- Insular cortex
- Cingulate cortex
Neural pathways
- Superior longitudinal fasciculus
- Uncinate fasciculus
- Perforant pathway
- Thalamocortical radiations
- Corpus callosum
- Anterior commissure
- Amygdalofugal pathway
- Interthalamic adhesion
- Posterior commissure
- Habenular commissure
- Fornix
- Mammillotegmental fasciculus
- Incertohypothalamic pathway
- Cerebral peduncle
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Myoclonic triangle
- Solitary tract
- Major dopaminergic pathways from dopaminergic cell groups
- Serotonergic pathways
- Norepinephrine Pathways
- Locus coeruleus and other noradrenergic cell groups
- Epinephrine pathways from adrenergic cell groups
- Glutamate and acetylcholine pathways from mesopontine nuclei
Motor systems / Descending fibers
Somatosensory system
Visual system
Auditory system
Nerves
Neuroendocrine systems
Neuro vascular systems
Neurotransmitter pathways
Dural meningeal system
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
- Meningeal coverings
- Epidural space
- Subdural space
- Subarachnoid space
- Arachnoid septum
- Superior cistern
- Cistern of lamina terminalis
- Chiasmatic cistern
- Interpeduncular cistern
- Pontine cistern
- Cisterna magna
- Spinal subarachnoid space
- Ventricular system
- Lateral ventricles
- Angular bundle
- Anterior horn
- Body of lateral ventricle
- Inferior horn
- Posterior horn
- Subventricular zone
- Third ventricle
- Fourth ventricle
- Foramina
- Lateral ventricles
Limbic system
- Cortical areas:
- Limbic lobe
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Piriform cortex part of the olfactory system
- Entorhinal cortex
- Hippocampus and associated structures
- Fornix and septal nuclei
- Subcortical areas:
- Diencephalic structures:
Other areas that have been included in the limbic system include the:
- Stria medullaris
- Central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden