Battle of New Orleans order of battle: British
Military unit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following units of the British Armed Forces participated in the Battle of New Orleans on 8 January 1815. The American order of battle is shown separately.
| British Forces, North America | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1814–1815 |
| Country |  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Allegiance |  George III |
| Branch | British army |
| Type | Army |
| Size | 5,933 effectives out of a headcount of 6,660 soldiers (25 December 1814)[1] 8,000 participants on 8 January 1815 6,334 effectives (25 January 1815)[2] |
| Engagements | Battle of New Orleans |
| Commanders | |
| Commander-in-chief (23 December 1814 – 24 December 1814) | Major General John Keane |
| Commander-in-chief (25 December 1814 – 8 January 1815) | Major General Edward Pakenham |
| Commander-in-chief (8 January 1815 - 13 February 1815 ) | Major General John Lambert |
British order of battle
British Army
Source:[a]
General Staff
- Commander-in-Chief: Major General the honourable Sir Edward Pakenham - killed 8 January 1815[4]
- Deputy Commander-in-Chief: Major General Samuel Gibbs - died of wounds[4]
- Military Secretary: Major Harry Smith[5]
- Deputy Adjutant General: Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Stovin - wounded 24 December 1814[4]
- Deputy Assistant Adjutant General: Brevet Major Henry Hooper - wounded 24 December 1814[4]
- Acting Deputy Adjutant General: Captain Sir John Maxwell Tylden[5][6]
- Acting Deputy Assistant Adjutant General: Captain Wood[5]
- Senior Officer, Royal Artillery: Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Dickson[5]
- Senior Officer, Royal Engineers: Lieutenant Colonel John Fox Burgoyne[5]
- Senior Officer, Royal Staff Corps: Major Todd.[5]
- Major of Brigade: Captain Henry Thomas Shaw (4th Foot) - wounded 8 January 1815[4]
- Major of Brigade: Captain Thomas Wilkinson (85th Foot)- killed 8 January 1815[4]
- Quarter Master General: Lieutenant Colonel John Bell[b]
- Assistant Quarter Master General: Major Charles Ramus Forrest[5]
- Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General: Lieutenant George de Lacy Evans[5] - wounded on 24 December 1814 and 8 January 1815[4]
- Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General: Lieutenant John Peddie.[5]
- Naval aide de camp: Lieutenant (RN) The Honourable Edward Curzon[5][8]
- Deputy Inspector of hospitals: Dr John Robb[5]
Infantry Brigades
| Brigade | Unit | Comments |
|---|---|---|
|
1st Brigade, Major General John Keane - wounded 8 January 1815[4] |
* 1st Battalion, 93rd Regiment of Foot | 907 men as at 25 November 1814. [9][10] Effective strength of 850 out of a headcount of 862 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 31 December: 2 killed, 6 wounded. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 9 killed; 11 wounded. 775 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 63 killed; 101 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 331 out of a headcount of 673 as at 25 January 1815, 78 deaths since the prior monthly return.[2][c] |
| * 1 battalion of the 1st West India Regiment. | Effective strength of 755 out of a headcount of 809 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 25 to 31 December: 1 killed. Casualties 8 January: 5 killed; 23 wounded; 1 missing.[4] Morrell estimated a strength of 700 men. [d] Effective strength of 675 out of a headcount of 787 as at 25 January 1815, 22 deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
| * 1 battalion of the 5th West India Regiment. | 643 men as at 25 November 1814.[10] Effective strength of 570 out of a headcount of 585 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 25 to 31 December: 1 killed, 2 wounded. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 4 killed, 2 wounded. Casualties 8 January: 1 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 439 out of a headcount of 569 as at 25 January 1815, 19 deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
|
2nd Brigade, Major General Samuel Gibbs, succeeded by Colonel Arthur Brooke |
* 1 battalion of the 4th Regiment of Foot. | 893 men as at 25 November 1814. [10] Effective strength of 802 out of a headcount of 916 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 24 December: 5 killed; 15 wounded. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 4 wounded. 747 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 42 killed; 254 wounded; 55 missing.[4] Effective strength of 512 out of a headcount of 793 as at 25 January 1815, 56 deaths since the prior monthly return.[2] |
| * 1 battalion of the 44th Regiment of Foot. | 647 men as at 25 November 1814.[10] Effective strength of 552 out of a headcount of 692 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 25 to 31 December: 2 wounded; 1 missing. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 2 killed; 3 wounded. 427 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 35 killed; 163 wounded; 80 missing.[4] Effective strength of 286 out of a headcount of 565 as at 25 January 1815, 46 deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
| * 1 battalion of the 21st Regiment of Foot | 995 men as at 25 November 1814. [10] Effective strength of 873 out of a headcount of 1010 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 24 December: 3 killed; 11 wounded; 8 missing. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 1 killed, 1 wounded. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 1 killed; 5 wounded. 800 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 70 killed; 155 wounded; 236 missing.[4] Effective strength of 482 out of a headcount of 709 as at 25 January 1815, 75 deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
| * 12 man detachment of the 1st battalion of the 62nd Regiment of Foot | Effective strength of 12 out of a headcount of 12 as at 25 December.[1] Effective strength of 12 out of a headcount of 12 as at 25 January 1815.[2] | |
|
Advance Brigade, Colonel William Thornton - wounded 'severely (not dangerously)'[4] |
* 1 battalion of the 85th Regiment of Foot who participated in the attack on the west bank of the Mississippi.[14][15] | 456 men as at 25 November 1814. [10] Effective strength of 345 out of a headcount of 471 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 24 December: 13 killed; 69 wounded; 19 missing. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 4 killed; 13 wounded. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 2 killed; 6 wounded. 298 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 2 killed; 41 wounded; 1 missing. Casualties 9 to 26 January: 1 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 265 out of a headcount of 430 as at 25 January 1815, 25 deaths since the prior monthly return.[2] |
| * 5 companies of the 3rd battalion from 95th Regiment of Foot. | They disembarked at Bayou Catalan on 22 December 1814, having departed Plymouth, Devon on 18 September 1814.[16][17] Effective strength of 317 out of a headcount of 395 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 24 December: 23 killed; 62 wounded; 42 missing. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 1 killed. 296 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 11 killed; 101 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 200 out of a headcount of 345 as at 25 January 1815, 32 deaths since the prior monthly return.[2] | |
| Sailors and Marines | See further down | |
|
Reinforcements from Europe [e] [f]- Both battalions commanded by Major General John Lambert |
* 1 battalion of the 7th Regiment of Foot. | Effective strength of 887 out of a headcount of 887 whilst at sea as at 25 October 1814.[20] 800 men as at 5 January 1815.[21] 750 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 49 killed; 53 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 681 out of a headcount of 812 as at 25 January 1815, 58 deaths since the prior month.[2] |
| * 1 battalion of the 43rd Regiment of Foot | Effective strength of 991 out of a headcount of 991 whilst at sea as at 25 October 1814.[20] 900 men as at 5 January 1815.[21] 820 ORs on 8 January according to Major Pringle's letter.[11] Casualties 8 January: 11 killed; 163 wounded; 44 missing. Casualties 9 to 26 January: 1 killed; 5 wounded.[4] Effective strength of 785 out of a headcount of 907 as at 25 January 1815, 13 deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
| * Dismounted troopers of the 14th Light Dragoons. | 160 men as at 25 November 1814. [10][22] Soon joined by a second squadron, the unit having a strength of 295 as at 8 January 1815.[23] Effective strength of 261 out of a headcount of 277 as at 25 January 1815.[2] No casualties during battle, but 2 officers and 37 troopers in a boat were captured on 25 January 1815.[4] Effective strength of 214 out of a headcount of 275 as at 25 February 1815.[24] | |
Artillery and supporting elements
| Service | Composition | Comments |
|---|---|---|
|
Three companies of Royal Artillery each commanded by Captain John Michell, Captain Lewis Carmichael and Captain Adam Crawford, redeployed from the Chesapeake (320 men).[25] Now joined by a fourth company commanded by Major Alexander Munro[26] of 115 men[27] and a rocket detachment of 40 men commanded by Captain Henry Lane.[25][22] Colonel Alexander Dickson accompanied these reinforcements.[27] |
Effective strength of 381 gunners & 216 drivers out of a headcount of 649 as at 25 November 1814.[28] Effective strength of 610 out of a headcount of 646 as at 25 December.[1] Casualties 23 to 24 December: 2 ORs killed; 1 Officer, 7 ORs wounded. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 4 ORs killed; 1 Officer, 5 ORs wounded. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 1 Officer 1 NCOs & 9 ORs killed; 12 ORs wounded. Casualties 8 January: 5 ORs killed; 10 ORs wounded.[4] Effective strength of 581 out of a headcount of 625 as at 25 January 1815, 19 deaths since the prior month.[2] |
| * Royal Engineers | Effective strength of 101 out of a headcount of 109 as at 25 December.[1] Company of sappers [29] with a strength of nearly 100 men,[30] confirmed as 98 men on 8 January.[23] | Casualties 23 to 24 December: 1 OR missing. Casualties 25 to 31 December: 1 OR wounded. Casualties 1 to 5 January: 1 Officer killed. Casualties 8 January: 3 ORs wounded.[4] Effective strength of 94 out of a headcount of 109 as at 25 January 1815, zero deaths since the prior month.[2] |
| Royal Staff Corps detachment of 57 men as at 8 January[23] on shore, no source material to indicate whether they participated in the battle. | Effective strength of 57 out of a headcount of 57 whilst at sea as at 25 October 1814.[20] Effective strength of 29 out of a headcount of 57 as at 25 January 1815, zero deaths since the prior month.[2] | |
Royal Navy
| Composition | Comments |
|---|---|
|
Naval Brigade of 100 sailors from the fleet, in combat, commanded by Rowland Money of HMS Trave,[31] who participated in the attack on the west bank of the Mississippi.[14][32][15] Casualties 8 January: Royal Navy casualties were two dead, Captain Rowland Money and 18 seamen wounded.[4] |
| * Royal Marines - Infantry | Composite battalion of 100 marines from the fleet, in combat, commanded by Brevet Major Thomas Adair, who led the attack by the Royal Marines [33] on the west bank of the Mississippi at New Orleans.[14][32][15] Casualties 8 January: Royal Marine casualties were two dead, with three officers, one sergeant, and 12 other ranks wounded.[4] |
| * Royal Marines - Gunners | Royal Marine Artillery rocket detachment from the marine battalion (elsewhere), commanded by Lieutenant John Lawrence. The Marine Artillery numbered 1 officer and 26 gunners. [34] Their penultimate engagement was the Battle of New Orleans.[35] |
Native American allies
- Brevet Major Edward Nicolls accompanied by less than 100 Seminole, Creek, and Choctaw warriors.[36] Among them were the Hitchiti Indian chief Kinache.[37]