Viboud is a staff scientist of the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health. She is part of the Multinational Influenza Seasonal Mortality Study (MISMS). Here she studies the mortality burden and transmission dynamics of infectious diseases.[4]
She has extensively investigated the epidemiology of influenza. In 2016, Viboud discussed the effect of a person's first case of influenza on their later likelihood to become infected.[5][6] For example, if people were exposed to a particular strain of influenza as a child, they would be to 75% less likely to contract it in the future.[6] Viboud has also studied how urbanisation impacts the intensity of influenza epidemics.[7] She showed that more diffuse epidemics occur in large cities, which were less sensitive to changes in climate.[8] In these cities people live so close together that the virus can spread easily from person to person.[7] In an effort to better predict influenza-like illness activity, Viboud has examined whether they can be forecast using heart rate information from activity trackers.[9]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Viboud was part of international efforts to collect, curate and disseminate epidemiological information about SARS-CoV-2.[10][11] As part of this effort, she monitored the time between onset of symptoms and visiting a medical facility. She found that people in the Hubei province who experienced SARS-CoV-2 symptoms waited longer before seeking help than in other parts of China, or even those overseas.[10] The delay between symptom onset and visiting a clinic was found to decrease throughout January, which Viboud associated with and increase in news reports and content sharing on social media. She believed that a crowd-sourced, collaborative, physician-oriented social network helped to compile early SARS-CoV-2 data, as well as helping to track the progression of the outbreak.[10] These efforts helped to disseminate up-to-date and correct information when limited data was available.[10] She has also investigated why there are so few cases of COVID-19 in younger populations.[12]
Throughout February and March 2020 Viboud continued to monitor the evolving epidemic, looking to describe the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 as it spread beyond Hubei province.[13][14][15] Her findings identified that infectiousness peaked early in the disease and that transmission may occur before symptoms even manifest. She believes that as the pandemic progressed around the world, social distancing reduced the time for community transmission.[13]
Viboud evaluated the impact of travel restrictions on the spread of SARS-CoV-2, starting from the travel restrictions out of Wuhan from January 23.[16] She identified that the Wuhan travel ban only delayed the spread to mainland China by 5 days, but prevented international spread until the middle of February.[17] In April 2020, Viboud commented that the number of Americans who had lost their lives to SARS-CoV-2 was likely to be considerably higher than was officially reported.[18][19] Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Viboud was involved with regular conference calls with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide expert advice on the ongoing pandemic.[20] She has documented her work on COVID-19 with the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy.[21]
