Calcutta Tramways Company

The first horse-drawn trams in India ran for 2.4 miles (3.9 km) between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February 1873. The service was discontinued on 20 November of that year.^[1] The Calcutta Tramway Company was formed and registered in London on 22 December 1880. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by the Viceroy, Lord Ripon, on 1 November 1880.^[1] In 1882, steam locomotives were deployed experimentally to haul tram cars.^[1]

In 1900, the electrification of the tramway and conversion of its tracks to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) began.^[1] The first electric tramcar in Calcutta ran from Esplanade to Kidderpore on 27 March 1902. In February 1943, the Calcutta and Howrah sections were connected by the new Howrah Bridge.^[1]

In 1951, the government of West Bengal entered an agreement with the Calcutta Tramways Company and the Calcutta Tramways Act of 1951 was enacted. The government assumed the tramways, reserving the right to purchase the system with two years' notice on 1 January 1972 or at any time thereafter.^[1] In 1967, the Government of West Bengal passed the Calcutta Tramways Company (Taking Over of Management) Act and assumed management on 19 July. On 8 November 1976, the Calcutta Tramways (Acquisition of Undertaking) ordinance was promulgated under which the company (and its assets) was nationalised.^[1]

The Tramways system had degraded by the 1990s, and Minister for Transport Shyamal Chakraborty planned to close the network. In the meantime, Calcutta Tramways Company introduced bus service on 4 November 1992 with a fleet of 40 buses.^[1] However, Melbourne tram conductor Roberto D'Andrea befriended fellow Calcutta conductors during a 1994 visit. When D'Andrea heard about the planned closure of tram network, he suggested an art project to decorate the trams (as was done in his home city). The project increased public awareness of the tram network and its value, ultimately saving it.^[6]

The Calcutta Tramways Company Ltd operates the Kolkata tram, currently the oldest electric tramway in Asia and India's only existent tram system, since 1873.

With over 45 routes throughout Kolkata and its surrounding areas, CTC buses complement its tram service. The initial bus service was introduced from Rajabazar with a fleet of 40 buses, augmented in 1993 with service from Kidderpore depot.^[1] The Tollygunge and Belgachia depots were added in 1994 and 1995, respectively. In 2005 the CTC began bus service from Ghasbagan depot at Howrah.

There are seven tram depots: Belgachia, Rajabazar, Park Circus, Gariahat, Tollygunge, Kalighat and Kidderpore. Rajabazar and Tollygunge depots are the largest in terms of tracks and area, respectively. and Kalighat tram depot is the oldest and smallest. There were tram depot at Joka and Ghasbagan, Howrah. Now a Bus Depot. There are also CTC bus depots in Barasat, Habra and Titagarh.

There are six tram terminals: Shyambazar, Bidhan Nagar Road, Ballygunge Station, Esplanade, Galiff Street, B.B.D. Bag (currently closed, work going on resume its services again) and Howrah Bridge. The Esplanade terminus serves most of the tram routes. Former tram terminals, all now either closed or converted into bus depots and terminals, had been at Shibpore, Bandhaghat, Bagbazar, Kolkata High Court, Nimtala, Behala, Sealdah Station, Howrah Station, Planetarium and Racecourse.

There is a central workshop near Mullickbazar: Nonapukur.

2 Tram routes currently operate in Kolkata. Recently AC tram was also introduced.^[7][8]