List of Abbasid caliphs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.

Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258)

Further information: Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasids came to power overthrowing Umayyad dynasty in the Abbasid Revolution. As caliphs[1], they held both temporal and religious suzerainty over Muslim lands. After a golden age and a temporary revival, their decline accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous states. Their religious authority was also challenged by the Shi'a Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171) and the Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031). The caliphs lost their temporal power completely in mid-tenth century; first to a series of military strongmen, then to the Shi'a Buyid Emirs, which were in turn replaced by the Sunni Seljuk Turks. Their independence from the Seljuks was short-lived, as the dynasty ended with the Mongol Sack of Baghdad in 1258.

More information No., Coin ...
No. Coin[a] Name[b] Reign Parents[c] Life details
Abbasid Consolidation
(750-775)
1
al-Saffah
أبو العباس عبدالله بن محمد السفّاح
Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Saffāḥ		 750
–
8 June 754
(~4 years)		 721 – 8 June 754
(aged 33)
2
al-Mansur
أبو جعفر عبد الله بن محمد المنصور
Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Manṣūr		 10 June 754
–
October 775
(~21 years)		 714 – October 775
(aged 61)
Abbasid Golden Age
(775-861)
3
al-Mahdi
أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله المهدي
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī		 October 775
–
August 785
(~10 years)		 744/745 – August 785
(aged 40-41)
4
al-Hadi
أبو محمد موسى بن محمد الهادي
Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī		 August 785
–
14 September 786
(~1 year)		 759 / 762 – 14 September 786
(aged 24-27)
  • Heir apparent of his father al-Mahdi.[17]
  • Failed Alid revolt (786) due to resumed persecution.[18]
  • Tried to replace his brother al-Rashid with his own son as heir.[19]
  • Possibly poisoned by his mother,[20] who favored al-Rashid.[19]
5
al-Rashid
أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد الرشيد
Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad al-Rashīd		 14 September 786
–
24 March 809
(~23 years)		 March 763 / February 766 – 24 March 809
(aged 43-46)
6
al-Amin
أبو موسى محمد بن هارون الأمين
Abū Mūsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Amīn		 24 March 809
–
25 September 813
(~4 years)		 April 787 – 25 September 813
(aged 26)
  • Named first heir by his father al-Rashid.[24]
  • Removed his half-brother al-Ma'mun as heir apparent after he removed al-Amin's name from coins, starting Fourth Fitna.[25]
  • Executed after al-Ma'mun's capture of Baghdad.[26]
7
al-Ma'mun
أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون المأمون
Abū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn al-Maʾmūn		 25 September 813
–
9 August 833
(~20 years)		 14 September 786 – 9 August 833
(aged 46)
8
al-Mu'tasim
أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون المعتصم بالله
Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muʿtaṣim bi-'llāh		 9 August 833
–
5 January 842
(~9 years)		 October 796 – 5 January 842
(aged 45)
9
al-Wathiq
أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد الواثق بالله
Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh		 5 January 842
–
10 August 847
(~5 years)		 18 April 812 – 10 August 847
(aged 35)
  • Heir apparent of his father, al-Musta'sim.[38]
  • Died from dropsy while in an oven in an attempt to cure it.[39]
10
al-Mutawakkil
أبو الفضل جعفر بن محمد المتوكل على الله
Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Mutawakkil ʿalā 'llāh		 10 August 847
–
11 December 861
(~14 years)		 31 March 822 – 11 December 861
(aged 39)
  • Chosen by officials[41] after the unexpected death of al-Wathiq.[39]
  • Mihna abolished (851); official support for Mu'tazilism ends.[42]
  • Alienated Turkic generals by attempting to curb their influence.[43]
  • Assassinated by the Turkic troops.[44]
Anarchy at Samarra
(861-870)
11
al-Muntasir
أبو جعفر محمد بن جعفر المنتصر بالله
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muntaṣir bi-'llāh		 11 December 861
–
7 June 862
(~1 year)		 November 837 – 7 June 862
(aged 24)
  • Heir apparent of al-Mutawakkil,[46] whom he had assassinated.[47]
  • Died of unknown causes; possibly poisoned.
12
al-Musta'in
أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد المستعين بالله
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh		 8 June 862
–
24 January 866
(~4 years)		 836 – 17 October 866
(aged 30)
  • Cousin of al-Muntasir; installed by Turkic troops.[48]
  • Alienated Turkic soldiers, who instead proclaimed al-Mu'tazz caliph.
  • Defeated in Fifth Fitna; forced to abdicate.[49]
  • Assassinated on al-Mu'tazz's orders.[50]
13
al-Mu'tazz
أبو عبد الله محمد بن جعفر المعتز بالله
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾllāh		 25 January 866
–
13 July 869
(~3 years)		 847 – 16 July 869
(aged 22)
  • Second heir of al-Mutawakkil;[51] bypassed when Turkic military installed his cousin al-Musta'in, who then imprisoned him.[52]
  • Freed and made caliph by disgruntled Turkic troops; overthrew al-Musta'in.[50]
  • Rise of Saffarids in Sistan and Tulunids in Egypt.[53][54]
  • Deposed and imprisoned by Turkic generals; died three days later.[55]
14
al-Muhtadi
أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون المهتدي بالله
Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muhtadī bi-'llāh		 22 July 869
–
21 June 870
(~1 year)		 833 – 21 June 870
(aged 37)
  • Cousin of al-Mu'tazz; installed by Turkic military.[55]
  • Sought to emulate pious caliph Umar II.[56]
  • Killed by Turkic general Musa ibn Bugha after refusing to abdicate.[57]
Abbasid Revival
(870-908)
15
al-Mu'tamid
أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر المعتمد على الله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muʿtamid ʿalā ’llāh		 21 June 870
–
14 October 892
(~22 years)		 842 – 14 October 892
(aged 50)
16
al-Mu'tadid
أبو العباس أحمد بن الموفق المعتضد بالله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Muwaffaq al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh		 15 October 892
–
5 April 902
(~10 years)		 864 / 861 – 5 April 902
(aged 38-41)
17
al-Muktafi
أبو محمد علي بن أحمد المكتفي بالله
Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Muktafī bi-'llāh		 5 April 902
–
13 August 908
(~6 years)		 877 / 888 – 13 August 908
(aged 20-31)
Political fragmentation
(908-945)
18
al-Muqtadir
أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المقتدر بالله
Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh		 13 August 908
–
28 February 929
(~21 years)		 13 November 895 – 31 October 932
(aged 36)
19
al-Qahir
أبو المنصور محمد بن أحمد القاهر بالله
Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Qāhir bi-'llāh		 1 March 929
–

2 March 929
(~1 day)

 899 – 950
(aged 51)
  • Installed and soon removed by Mu'nis.[78]
(18)
al-Muqtadir
أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المقتدر بالله
Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh		 2 March 929
–
31 October 932
(~3 years)		 13 November 895 – 31 October 932
(aged 36)
(19)
al-Qahir
أبو المنصور محمد بن أحمد القاهر بالله
Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Qāhir bi-'llāh		 31 October 932
–
24 April 934
(~2 years)		 899 – 950
(aged 51)
  • Installed by Mu'nis, whom he executed later (833).[82]
  • Deposed, blinded and imprisoned by vizier Ibn Muqla after refusing to abdicate.[83]
  • Freed by al-Mustakfi eleven years later. Spent rest of his life as a beggar.[83]
20
al-Radi
أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر الراضي بالله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar al-Rāḍī bi-'llāh		 24 April 934
–
13 December 940
(~6 years)		 20 December 909 – 13 December 940
(aged 30)
21
al-Muttaqi
أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن جعفر المتقي لله
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Jaʿfar al-Muttaqī li-'llāh		 15 December 940
–
26 August 944
(~4 years)		 908 – July 968
(aged 60)
  • Selected by amir al-umara Bajkam after his brother's death.[88]
  • Deposed and blinded by amir al-umara Tuzun.[89]
22
al-Mustakfi
أبو القاسم عبد الله بن علي المستكفي بالله
Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī al-Mustakfī bi-ʾllāh		 September 944
–
29 January 946
(~2 years)		 11 November 908 – September 949
(aged 40)
  • Uncle of al-Muttaqi; installed by Tuzun.[89]
  • Buyid takeover of Baghdad (945);[91] appointment of Buyids as amir al-umaras.[92]
  • Deposed and blinded by Buyid emir Mu'izz al-Dawla; died under house arrest.[93]
Buyid Control
(945-1055)
23
al-Muti
أبو القاسم الفضل بن جعفر المطيع لله
Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl ibn Jaʿfar al-Muṭīʿ li-ʾllāh		 29 January 946
–
5 August 974
(~28 years)		 913/14 – 12 October 974
(aged 60-61)
24
al-Ta'i
أبو بكر عبد الكريم بن الفضل الطائع لأمر الله
Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn al-Faḍl al-Ṭāʾiʿ li-amri ʿllāh		 5 August 974
–
22 November 991
(~17 years)		 929 – 3 August 1003
(aged 74)
25
al-Qadir
أبو العباس أحمد بن إسحاق القادر بالله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Qādir bi-'llāh		 22 November 991
–
29 November 1031
(~40 years)		 28 September 947 – 29 November 1031
(aged 84)
Seljuk Control
(1055-1157)
26
al-Qa'im
أبو جعفر عبد الله بن أحمد القائم بأمر الله
Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Qāʾim bi-amri 'llāh		 29 November 1031
–
3 April 1075
(~44 years)		 8 November 1001 – 3 April 1075
(aged 73)
27
al-Muqtadi
أبو القاسم عبد الله بن محمد المقتدي بأمر الله
Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Muqtadī bi-amri ’llāh		 3 April 1075
–
3 February 1094
(~19 years)		 24 July 1056 – 3 February 1094
(aged 37)
  • Grandson and heir apparent of al-Qa'im.[116]
  • Recognition of Abbasid authority in Hejaz.[117]
28
al-Mustazhir
أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد الله المستظهر بالله
Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mustaẓhir bi-'llāh		 3 February 1094
–
6 August 1118
(~24 years)		 April / May 1078 – 6 August 1118
(aged 40)
29 al-Mustarshid
أبو المنصور الفضل بن أحمد المسترشد بالله
Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl ibn Aḥmad al-Mustarshid bi-'llāh		 6 August 1118
–
29 August 1135
(~17 years)		 April / May 1092 – 29 August 1135
(aged 43)
  • Almohad consolidation of the Maghreb (1147)[120] and al-Andalus (1173).
  • Failed campaign against Seljuks (1135).
  • Murdered, possibly by the Assassins.
30 al-Rashid
أبو جعفر المنصور بن الفضل الراشد بالله
Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr ibn al-Faḍl al-Rāshid bi-'llāh		 29 August 1135
–
17 August 1136
(~1 year)		 1109 – 6 June 1138
(aged 29)
31
al-Muqtafi
أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد المقتفي لأمر الله
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtafī li-ʾamri ’llāh		 17 September 1136
–
12 March 1160
(~24 years)		 9 April 1096 – 12 March 1160
(aged 63)
  • Uncle of al-Rashid; installed by Mas'ud.
  • Failed Seljuk Siege of Baghdad (1157); Abbasid consolidation of Iraq.[124]
Final Revival
(1157-1258)
32
al-Mustanjid
أبو المظفر يوسف بن محمد المستنجد بالله
Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanjid bi-'llāh		 12 March 1160
–
18 December 1170
(~10 years)		 1124 – 18 December 1170
(aged 46)
  • Formal independence from Seljuks; Sultan's name removed from Abbasid coinage (1165)[126]
33 al-Mustadi
أبو محمد الحسن بن يوسف المستضيء بأمر الله
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf al-Mustaḍīʾ bi-amri ʾllāh		 18 December 1170
–
27 March 1180
(~10 years)		 1142 – 27 March 1180
(aged 38)
34
al-Nasir
أبو العباس أحمد بن الحسن الناصر لدين الله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh		 27 March 1180
–
5 October 1225
(~45 years)		 6 August 1158 – 5 October 1225
(aged 67)
35
al-Zahir
أبو نصر محمد بن أحمد الظاهر بأمر الله
Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Ẓāhir bi-amri’llāh		 5 October 1225
–
10 July 1226
(~9 months)		 1175 – 10 July 1226
(aged 51)
  • Heir apparent of Al-Nasir.
36
al-Mustansir
أبو جعفر المنصور بن محمد المستنصر بالله
Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanṣir bi-'llāh		 10 July 1226
–
5 December 1242
(~16 years)		 17 February 1192 – 5 December 1242
(aged 50)
  • Almohad withdrawal from al-Andalus (1228).
37
al-Musta'sim
أبو أحمد عبد الله بن المنصور المستعصم بالله
Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Manṣūr al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh		 5 December 1242
–
20 February 1258
(~16 years)		 1213 – 20 February 1258
(aged 45)
Close


Abbasids Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)

"Caliphs of Cairo" redirects here. For the Carnival krewe, see Caliphs of Cairo (krewe).
Further information: Mamluk Sultanate

In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at Cairo under the auspices of the local Mamluk sultans, but these caliphs were purely ceremonial figures, while actual political power fully rested with the Mamluks.[139][140] This revived caliphate lasted until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, after which it even its title fizzled out with the death of last caliph, al-Mutawakkil III.

More information No., Name ...
No. Name Reign Parents Life details
1 al-Mustansir
أبو القاسم أحمد بن محمد المستنصر بالله
Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh		 13 June 1261[141]
–
28 November 1261[142]
(~5 months)		 d. 28 November 1261[142]
2 al-Hakim I
أبو العباس أحمد بن حسن الحاكم بأمر الله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Ḥasan al-Ḥākim bi-Amri'llāh		 16 November 1262[146]
–
19 January 1302[147]
(~39 years)		 1222/1232[147] – 19 January 1302[147]
(aged 70/80)
  • Descendant of al-Mustarshid (r. 1118–1135).[148]
  • Fled to Syria after fall of Baghdad; installed by Aleppo's emir Aqush (1261).[144]
  • Abdicated in al-Mustansir's favor after his troops defected to him.[148]
  • Survived the Mongol ambush;[144] fled to Cairo; proclaimed caliph by Baybars.[139]
3 al-Mustakfi I
أبو الربيع سليمان بن أحمد المستكفي بالله
Abū ar-Rabīʿ Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Mustakfī bi-llāh		 20 January 1302[147]
–
February 1340[149]
(~38 years)		 1285[150] – February 1340[149]
(aged 56)
4 al-Wathiq I
أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن أحمد الواثق بالله
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh		 May 1340[153]
–
17 June 1341[154]
(~1 year)		 d. November 1347[154]
5 al-Hakim II
أبو العباس أحمد بن سليمان الحاكم بأمر الله
Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān al-Ḥākim bi-Amri'llāh		 17 June 1341[154]
–
1352[158]
(~11 years)		 d. 1352[158]
  • Cousin of al-Wathiq I; original heir of al-Mustakfi I but bypassed by al-Nasir.[155]
  • Mamluk civil war; rapid succession of seven of al-Nasir Muhammad's sons.[158]
  • Died of black death.[160]
6 al-Mu'tadid I
أبو الفتح أبو بكر بن سليمان المعتضد بالله
Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr ibn Sulaymān al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh		 28 September 1352[161]
–
March 1362[162]
(~10 years)		 d. March 1362[162]
  • Brother of al-Hakim II; selected by elites after his death.[159]
7 al-Mutawakkil I
أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 March 1362[162]
–
11 July 1377[163]
(~15 years)		 1339[162] – 18 January 1406[164]
(aged 67)
8 al-Musta'sim
أبو يحيى زكريا بن إبراهيم المستعصم بالله
Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyāʾ ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh		 11 July 1377[163]
–
July 1377[163]
(<2 weeks)		 d. 1399[165]
  • Second cousin of al-Mutawakkil I; installed by Aynabak.[163]
  • Removed soon after amid popular pressure.[163]
(7) al-Mutawakkil I
أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 July 1377[163]
–
September 1383[166]
(~6 years)		 1339[162] – 18 January 1406[164]
(aged 67)
9 al-Wathiq II
أبو حفص عمر بن إبراهيم الواثق بالله
Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh		 September 1383[166]
–
13 November 1386
(~3 years)		 1316[165] – 13 November 1386
(aged 70)
  • Brother of al-Musta'sim; installed by Barquq.[165]
  • Died of an illness.[165]
(8) al-Musta'sim
أبو يحيى زكريا بن إبراهيم المستعصم بالله
Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyāʾ ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh		 21 November 1386[165]
–
March 1389[168]
(~3 years)		 d. 1399[165]
  • Brother of al-Wathiq II; installed by Barquq.[165]
  • Put under house arrest after al-Mutawakkil I's restoration.[169]
(7) al-Mutawakkil I
أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 March 1389[168]
–
9 January 1406[164]
(~17 years)		 1339[162] – 18 January 1406[164]
(aged 67)
10 al-Musta'in
أبو الفضل العباس بن محمد المستعين بالله
Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-'llāh		 22 January 1406[172]
–
9 March 1414[173]
(~8 years)		 1390[174] – 16 March 1430[174]
(aged 40)
11 al-Mu'tadid II
أبو الفتح داود بن محمد المعتضد بالله
Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwūd ibn Muḥammad al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh		 9 March 1414[173]
–
4 July 1441[176]
(~27 years)		 d. 4 July 1441[176]
  • Half-brother of al-Musta'in; installed by al-Mu'ayyad.[173]
12 al-Mustakfi II
أبو الربيع سليمان بن محمد المستكفي بالله
Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad al-Mustakfī bi-llāh		 4 July 1441[176]
–
4 February 1451[177]
(~10 years)		 1388 – 4 February 1451[177]
(aged 63)
  • Named heir by his half-brother, al-Mu'tadid II.[176]
  • Died of an illness.[177]
13 al-Qa'im
أبو البقاء حمزة بن محمد القائم بأمر الله
Abū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza ibn Muḥammad al-Qāʾim bi-ʾamr Allāh		 7 February 1451[178]
–
19 June 1455[179]
(~4 years)		 d. 28 August 1458[179]
14 al-Mustanjid
أبو المحاسن يوسف بن محمد المستنجد بالله
Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanjid bi-'llāh		 19 June 1455[179]
–
17 April 1479[181]
(~24 years)		 1396[179] – 17 April 1479[181]
(aged 40)
  • Brother of al-Qa'im; installed by Inal.[179]
15 al-Mutawakkil II
أبو العز عبد العزيز بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله
Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 19 April 1479[182]
–
August 1497[183]
(~18 years)		 1413[182] – August 1497[183]
(aged 84)
  • Nephew and heir of al-Mustanjid.[182]
16 al-Mustamsik
أبو الصبر يعقوب بن عبد العزيز المستمسك بالله
Abū al-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Mustamsik bi-'llāh		 24 September 1497[184]
–
28 November 1508[185]
(~11 years)		 1441[186] – 29 March 1521[186]
(aged 80)
17 al-Mutawakkil III
محمد بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله
Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 28 November 1508[185]
–
24 August 1516[188]
(~8 years)		 d. 10 November 1543[189]
(16) al-Mustamsik
أبو الصبر يعقوب بن عبد العزيز المستمسك بالله
Abū al-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Mustamsik bi-'llāh		 24 October 1516[191]
–
26 January 1517[192]
(~3 months)		 1441[186] – 29 March 1521[186]
(aged 80)
(17) al-Mutawakkil III
محمد بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله
Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh		 26 January 1517[192]
–
10 November 1543[d]
(~26 years)		 d. 10 November 1543[189]
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Genealogy

More information Family tree of Abbasid rulers. Unless a separate year of death is given, the caliphs ruled till death (or died soon after deposition). ...
Family tree of Abbasid rulers. Unless a separate year of death is given, the caliphs ruled till death (or died soon after deposition).
  Abbasid Caliphs
  Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo
al-Abbas
d. 653
Abd Allah
d. 687
Ali
d. 736
Muhammad
d. 743
al-Saffah
r. 750–754		al-Mansur
r. 754–775
al-Mahdi
r. 775–785
al-Hadi
r. 785–786		al-Rashid
r. 786–809
al-Amin
r. 809–813		al-Mamun
r. 813–833		al-Muta'sim
r. 833–842
al-Wathiq
r. 842–847		al-Mutawakkil
r. 847–861		Muhammad
d. 850s
al-Muhtadi
r. 869–870		al-Munstasir
r. 861–862		al-Mu'tazz
r. 866–869		al-Mu'tamid
r. 870–892		al-Muwaffaq
d. 891		al-Musta'in
r. 862–866
al-Mu'tadid
r. 892–902
al-Muktafi
r. 902–908		al-Muqtadir
r. 908–929, 929-932		al-Qahir
r. 929, 932–934
d. 950
al-Musktafi
r. 944–946
d. 949		al-Radi
r. 934–940		al-Muttaqi
r. 940–944
d. 968		al-Muti
r. 946–974		Ishaq
d. 988
al-Ta'i
r. 974–991
d. 1003		al-Qadir
r. 991–1031
al-Qa'im
r. 1031–1075
Muhammad
d. 1056
al-Muqtadi
r. 1075–1094
al-Mustazhir
r. 1094–1118
al-Mustarshid
r. 1118–1135		al-Muqtafi
r. 1136–1160
Alial-Rashid
r. 1135–1136
d. 1138		al-Mustanjid
r. 1160–1170
Hasanal-Mustadi
r. 1170–1180
Abu Bakral-Nasir
r. 1180–1225
Hasanal-Zahir
r. 1225–1226
al-Hakim I
r. 1262–1302		al-Mustansir II
r. 1261		al-Mustansir
r. 1226–1242
Ahmadal-Mustakfi I
r. 1302–1340		al-Musta'sim
r. 1242–1258
al-Wathiq I
r. 1340–1341
d. 1347		al-Hakim II
r. 1341–1352		al-Mu'tadid I
r. 1352–1362
al-Mu'tasim
r. 1377, 1386–1389,
d. 1399		al-Wathiq II
r. 1383–1386		al-Mutawakkil I
r. 1362–1377,
1377-1383, 1389–1406
al-Musta'in
r. 1406–1414
d. 1430		al-Mu'tadid II
r. 1414–1441		al-Mustakfi II
r. 1441–1451		al-Qa'im
r. 1451–1455
d. 1458		al-Mustanjid
r. 1455–1479		Ya'qub
al-Mutawakkil II
r. 1479–1497
al-Mustamsik
r. 1497–1508,
1516–1517, d. 1521
al-Mutawakkil III
r. 1508–1516, 1517
d. 1543
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Notes

  1. [a]
    Only the side bearing the caliph's name (usually reverse, observe for last caliphs) is shown.
  2. [b]
    Abbasids began the tradition of using theologically loaded laqabs as regnal honorifics, which was also adopted by later rival caliphates of Fatimids, Almohads, and Umayyads of Cordoba. In both Western and Islamic historiography, the caliphs are referred to by these regnal titles.
  3. [c]
    Most Abbasid caliphs were born to a concubine mother, known as umm al-walad (Arabic: أم الولد, lit. 'mother of the child'). The term refers to a slave woman who had a child from her owner; they could not be sold by their owner and the children born were considered legitimate, legally free and with full rights of inheritance.[2] These concubines mostly were Abyssinians, Armenians, Berbers, Byzantine Greeks, Turkic or even from Sicily.[3][4][5]
  4. [d]
    The legend of al-Mutawakkil III formally surrendering the title to Selim I is considered by historians to be apocryphal.[194] It emerged in the 1780s, likely to counter Russian claims of "protecting" Ottoman Christians by asserting spiritual authority over Muslims in newly conquered Russian territories.[195] As chroniclers of his era continued identifying al-Mutawakkil III as caliph, the already nominal Abbasid caliphate is suggested to have simply faded away, with al-Mutawakkil III using the title till his death.[196]

References

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