Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines

Head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP) is the highest-ranking military officer (except for the president of the Philippines, who holds the position of commander-in-chief equivalent to a five-star general) and the head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), including all service branches (Army, Air Force, Navy–Marine Corps) under its command. The position is usually held by a four-star rank of general or admiral. Its direct equivalent in the US Armed Forces is the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Unlike its US counterpart, which is merely supervisory, the chief of staff has complete operational control within the military hierarchy and is responsible for the overall operations of the AFP.

Reports toSecretary of National Defense
President of the Philippines
ResidenceCamp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
SeatCamp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City
AppointerThe president
with the consent of the Commission on Appointments
Quick facts of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Reports to ...
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Emblem of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
since July 21, 2023
Reports toSecretary of National Defense
President of the Philippines
ResidenceCamp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
SeatCamp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City
AppointerThe president
with the consent of the Commission on Appointments
Term length3 years[1]
can be extended with the approval of Congress
Constituting instrumentRepublic Act No. 11939 [1]
FormationDecember 21, 1935
First holderJose de los Reyes
Unofficial namesChairman of the Joint Chiefs
DeputyVice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (assistant)
The Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (administrative and organizational duties)
WebsiteArmed Forces of the Philippines
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The holder of this position is appointed by, as well as directly reports to the president of the Philippines under the Article VII, Section 18 of the 1987 Constitution.[2] He executes the president's commands, tactics, operations, plannings, and strategies, as well as serves as the immediate adviser to the secretary of national defense. He also prescribes directions to all commands (including the commanding general of the Philippine Army, the commanding general of the Philippine Air Force, the flag officer-in-command of the Philippine Navy, the commanders of the AFP Combatant Commands, and the AFP Board of Generals).

The Armed Forces of the Philippines were created as a result of the Commonwealth Act No. 1, also known as the National Defense Act of 1935. However, the origin of the organization can be traced back to the establishment of the Philippine Constabulary, armed Filipino forces organized in 1901 by the United States to combat the Philippine Revolutionary Army then led by General Emilio Aguinaldo.

History

The position of the chief of staff has been traced from the commanding general of the Philippine Army, when the Philippine Commonwealth Army (now the Philippine Army) was established as the main army of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. After the defeat of the First Philippine Republic during the Philippine–American War, the United States dissolved the army and relied on its armed forces together with some Filipino troops under the Philippine Constabulary. However, the National Defense Act of 1935 led to take on responsibilities on national defense and pave way for the creation of three major commands (Army, Air Force, Navy). Since the 1960s, the rosters of the chiefs of staff is arranged accordingly.[3]

On June 19, 2020, under the DND Order no. 174, the title of chief of staff was renamed as the chairman of the joint chiefs, while the vice-chief of staff as vice-chairman of the joint chiefs, and the deputy chief of staff as chief of the joint staff.[4] Although the usage of these titles were deferred.[5][citation needed]

Organization and term limit

The Chief of Staff of the AFP is assisted by the Vice-Chief of Staff of the AFP (VCSAFP) and The Deputy Chief of Staff of the AFP (TDCSAFP), both holders of the rank of lieutenant general/vice admiral. The Vice-Chief of Staff serves as the primary assistant of the Chief of Staff of the AFP in their operational duties, as well as in policy conceptualization and implementation matters in the AFP, and also assists the Chief of Staff of the AFP in their absence. The Deputy Chief of Staff (TDCS) is tasked to supervise the organizational staff, including the Joint Staff, the Special Staff, the Administrative and the Technical Staff. The Deputy Chief of Staff is also responsible for assisting the AFP's overall policy and strategy formations, and perform other duties assigned by the Chief of Staff of the AFP. These posts are also assisted by the secretary joint staff (SJS), who serves as the executive officer for the Chief of Staff, the VCS, and TDCS.[6] The Chief of Staff of the AFP is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Armed Forces of the Philippines Sergeant Major (AFPSM).

The Chief of Staff of the AFP has no definite or fixed term limit, under Republic Act No. 8186,[7][8] as the term limit of the Chief of Staff of the AFP, along with all uniformed members of the AFP, has a mandatory retirement age at 56 years old. Nevertheless, the Chief of Staff of the AFP's term can be extended and allows a flexible term while serving beyond the mandatory retirement age, as the Chief of Staff of the AFP can serve their post until 3 years. Plans to reform the current system were made in 2011, but was vetoed by then-President Benigno Aquino III. An updated bill is currently being crafted since 2020, which aims to create a fixed term of 3 years for the Chief of Staff of the AFP, the VCS, TDCS, the commanders of the three major services (Army, Navy, Air Force), the commanders of the combatant commands (NOLCOM, SOLCOM, WESCOM, VISCOM, WESTMINCOM, EASTMINCOM), the Commandant of the Philippine Marine Corps, the Commander of the AFP Joint Special Operations Command, and the Commander of the upcoming Cyber Security Command; while the Superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) will have a 4-year term in their post, and will not be allowed to be reappointed in other higher posts. The bill also allows the president to remove the sitting Chief of Staff of the AFP at his/her pleasure within their 3-year term. Once passed and enacted into law, the new law aims to increase the flexibility, organizational professionalism and effectiveness in their respective roles.[9][10] On May 16, 2022, President Rodrigo Duterte signed the Republic Act No. 11709, which serves as the new law that enables a three-year fixed term for key officials of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, including the Chief of Staff of the AFP.[11]

Fixed-term issues under R.A. No. 11709

Months after the signing of the new term law, reports were being made on the possible rumbling in the AFP hierarchy due to the complications caused by the Republic Act No. 11709 from the promotions of younger officers and to the reduction of promoted officers within the senior officers rank (major-colonel/lieutenant commander-captain) due to the reduced tenure limits, which caused anxiety regarding the lowering of a merit-based promotion system.[12] The issue also got more friction from an editorial article written by former AFP spokesman Major General Edgard Arevalo PN(M) (Ret.) in The Manila Times named "The fates of two AFP chiefs of staff", which tackles about the appointment of Lieutenant General Bartolome Vicente Bacarro as AFP chief, who is retiring earlier than his predecessor General Andres Centino, which makes Centino's position higher than Bacarro's.[13][14][15] Due to these problems, a revised law was crafted to solve the problems, which led to the ratification of Republic Act no. 11939, which was signed by President Bongbong Marcos on May 17, 2023.[1] Under the new law, the reduced number of officials who will have a fixed term to only five, namely the chief of staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (three-year tenure); the commanding general of the Philippine Army, the commanding general of the Philippine Air Force, the flag officer-in-command of the Philippine Navy (two-year tenure) and the superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy (four-year tenure).[1] The law also allows their fixed terms to be completely terminated upon the president's pleasure. Amidst the swirling rumors on the potential replacement of the AFP chief regarding the seniority problem, the issues within the top brass was resolved on January 7, 2023, as General Andres Centino was reappointed as the AFP chief replacing Lieutenant General Bartolome Vicente Bacarro.[16]

Officeholders

More information No., Portrait ...
No.Portrait Chief of StaffTook officeLeft officeTime in officeService branchRef.
-
Jose de los Reyes
Reyes, Jose de losBrigadier General
Jose de los Reyes
(1874–1945)
Acting		January 11, 1936May 4, 1936114 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
1
Paulino Santos
Santos, PaulinoMajor General
Paulino Santos
(1890–1945)		May 4, 1936December 31, 19382 years, 241 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
2
Basilio Valdes
Valdez, BasilioMajor General
Basilio Valdes
(1912–1970)		January 1, 1939November 7, 19456 years, 310 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
3
Rafael Jalandoni
Jalandoni, RafaelMajor General
Rafael Jalandoni
(1894–?)		December 21, 1945December 20, 19482 years, 365 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
4
Mariano Castañeda
Castañeda, MarianoMajor General
Mariano Castañeda
(1905–1970)		December 21, 1948May 28, 19512 years, 158 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
5
Calixto Duque
Duque, CalixtoMajor General
Calixto Duque
(1893–1972)		June 2, 1951December 30, 19532 years, 211 days
Philippine Army		[17]
6
Jesus Vargas
Vargas, JesusLieutenant General
Jesus Vargas
(1905–1994)		December 30, 1953December 29, 19562 years, 365 days
Philippine Army		[17]
7
Alfonso Arellano
Arellano, AlfonsoLieutenant General
Alfonso Arellano
(1905–1957)		December 29, 1956December 31, 19582 years, 2 days
Philippine Army		[17]
8
Manuel Cabal
Cabal, ManuelLieutenant General
Manuel Cabal
(1910–1987)		January 1, 1959December 30, 19612 years, 363 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
9
Pelagio Cruz
Cruz, PelagioLieutenant General
Pelagio Cruz
(1912–1986)		December 31, 1961August 31, 1962243 days
Philippine Air Force		[17]
10
Alfredo Santos
Santos, AlfredoGeneral
Alfredo Santos
(1905–1990)
[a]		September 1, 1962July 12, 19652 years, 314 days
Philippine Army		[17]
11
Rigoberto Atienza
Atienza, RigobertoGeneral
Rigoberto Atienza
(1911–1966)		July 13, 1965January 22, 1966193 days
Philippine Army		[17]
12
Ernesto Mata
Mata, ErnestoGeneral
Ernesto Mata
(1915–2012)
[b]		January 22, 1966January 21, 1967364 days
Philippine Army		[17]
13
Victor Osias
Osias, VictorGeneral
Victor Osias		January 21, 1967August 15, 1967206 days
Philippine Air Force		[17]
14
Segundo Velasco
Velasco, SegundoGeneral
Segundo Velasco
(born 1918)		August 16, 1967May 27, 1968285 days
Philippine Army		[17]
15
Manuel T. Yan
Yan, ManuelGeneral
Manuel T. Yan
(1920–2008)
[c]		May 28, 1968January 15, 19723 years, 232 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
16
Romeo Espino
Espino, RomeoGeneral
Romeo Espino
(1914–2003)
[d]		January 15, 1972August 15, 19819 years, 212 days
Philippine Army		[17]
17
Fabian Ver
Ver, FabianGeneral
Fabian Ver
(1920–1998)
[e]		August 15, 1981October 24, 19843 years, 70 days
85 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
-
Fidel Ramos
Ramos, FidelLieutenant General
Fidel Ramos
(1928–2022)
Acting
[f]		October 24, 1984December 2, 19851 year, 39 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
(17)
Fabian Ver
Ver, FabianGeneral
Fabian Ver
(1920–1998)
[g]		December 2, 1985February 25, 198685 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
18
Fidel Ramos
Ramos, FidelGeneral
Fidel Ramos
(1928–2022)
[h]		February 25, 1986January 25, 19881 year, 334 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
19
Renato de Villa
de Villa, RenatoGeneral
Renato de Villa
(1935–2006)
[i]		January 25, 1988January 23, 19912 years, 363 days
Philippine Constabulary		[17]
20
Rodolfo Biazon
Biazon, RodolfoGeneral
Rodolfo Biazon
(1935–2023)
[j]		January 24, 1991April 12, 199178 days
Philippine Marine Corps		[17]
21
Lisandro Abadia
Abadia, LisandroGeneral
Lisandro Abadia
(1938–2022)		April 12, 1991April 12, 19943 years, 0 days
Philippine Army		[17]
22
Arturo Enrile
Enrile, ArturoGeneral
Arturo Enrile
(1940–1998)
[k]		April 12, 1994November 28, 19962 years, 230 days
Philippine Army		[17]
23
Arnulfo Acedera Jr.
Acedera, ArnulfoGeneral
Arnulfo Acedera Jr.
(1941–2020)		November 28, 1996December 31, 19971 year, 33 days
Philippine Air Force		[17]
24
Clemente Mariano
Mariano, ClementeGeneral
Clemente Mariano		January 1, 1998July 1, 1998181 days
Philippine Army		[17]
25
Joselin Nazareno
Nazareno, JoselinGeneral
Joselin Nazareno
[l]		July 1, 1998July 8, 19991 year, 7 days
Philippine Army		[17]
26
Angelo Reyes
Reyes, AngeloGeneral
Angelo Reyes
(1945–2011)
[m]		July 8, 1999March 17, 20011 year, 252 days
Philippine Army		[17]
27
Diomedio Villanueva
Villanueva, DiomedioGeneral
Diomedio Villanueva
(1945–2023)		March 17, 2001May 18, 20021 year, 62 days
Philippine Army		[18]
28
Roy Cimatu
Cimatu, RoyGeneral
Roy Cimatu
(born 1946)
[n]		May 18, 2002September 10, 2002115 days
Philippine Army		[19][20]
29
Benjamin Defensor Jr.
Defensor, Benjamin Jr.General
Benjamin Defensor Jr.		September 10, 2002November 28, 200279 days
Philippine Air Force		[21]
30
Dionisio Santiago
Santiago, DionisioGeneral
Dionisio Santiago
[o]		November 28, 2002April 8, 2003131 days
Philippine Army		[22][23]
31
Narciso Abaya
Abaya, NarcisoGeneral
Narciso Abaya
(born 1950)		April 8, 2003October 29, 20041 year, 204 days
Philippine Army		[24]
32
Efren Abu
Abu, EfrenGeneral
Efren Abu		October 29, 2004August 15, 2005290 days
Philippine Army		[25][26]
33
Generoso Senga
Senga, GenerosoGeneral
Generoso Senga
(born 1950)		August 15, 2005July 22, 2006341 days
Philippine Army		[27]
34
Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
Esperon, Hermogenes Jr.General
Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
(born 1952)
[p]		July 22, 2006May 12, 20081 year, 295 days
Philippine Army		[28][29]
35
Alexander Yano
Yano, AlexanderGeneral
Alexander Yano
[q]		May 12, 2008May 1, 2009354 days
Philippine Army		[30]
36
Victor Ibrado
Ibrado, VictorGeneral
Victor Ibrado		May 1, 2009March 10, 2010313 days
Philippine Army		[31]
37
Delfin Bangit
Bangit, DelfinGeneral
Delfin Bangit
(1955–2013)		March 10, 2010June 22, 2010104 days
Philippine Army		[32]
–
Nestor Ochoa
Ochoa, NestorLieutenant General
Nestor Ochoa
Acting		June 22, 2010June 30, 20108 days
Philippine Army		[33]
38
Ricardo David
David, Ricardo Jr.General
Ricardo David
(born 1955)
[r]		July 2, 2010March 7, 2011248 days
Philippine Army		[34]
39
Eduardo Oban Jr.
Oban, Eduardo Jr.General
Eduardo Oban Jr.
(born 1955)		March 7, 2011December 12, 2011280 days
Philippine Air Force		[35]
40
Jessie Dellosa
Dellosa, JessieGeneral
Jessie Dellosa
(born 1957)		December 12, 2011January 20, 20131 year, 39 days
Philippine Army		[36]
41
Emmanuel Bautista
Bautista, EmmanuelGeneral
Emmanuel Bautista
(born 1958)		January 20, 2013July 18, 20141 year, 179 days
Philippine Army		[37]
42
Gregorio Pio Catapang
Catapang, Gregorio PioGeneral
Gregorio Pio Catapang
(born 1959)
[s]		July 18, 2014July 10, 2015357 days
Philippine Army		[38]
43
Hernando Iriberri
Catapang, Gregorio PioGeneral
Hernando Iriberri
(born 1960)		July 10, 2015April 22, 2016287 days
Philippine Army		[39][40]
–
Glorioso Miranda
Miranda, GloriosoLieutenant General
Glorioso Miranda
(born 1961)
Acting		April 22, 2016June 30, 201669 days
Philippine Army		[41]
44
Ricardo Visaya
Visaya, RicardoGeneral
Ricardo Visaya
(born 1960)
[t]		July 1, 2016December 7, 2016159 days
Philippine Army		[43]
45
Eduardo Año
Año, EduardoGeneral
Eduardo Año
(born 1961)
[u]		December 7, 2016October 26, 2017323 days
Philippine Army
46
Rey Leonardo Guerrero
Guerrero, Rey LeonardoGeneral
Rey Leonardo Guerrero
(born 1961)
[v]		October 26, 2017April 18, 2018174 days
Philippine Army		[44]
47
Carlito Galvez Jr.
Galvez, Carlito, Jr.General
Carlito Galvez Jr.
(born 1962)
[w]		April 18, 2018December 11, 2018237 days
Philippine Army		[45]
48
Benjamin Madrigal Jr.
Madrigal, Benjamin, Jr.General
Benjamin Madrigal Jr.
(born 1963)
[x]		December 11, 2018September 24, 2019287 days
Philippine Army		[46]
49
Noel Clement
Clement, NoelGeneral
Noel Clement
(born 1964)		September 24, 2019January 4, 2020102 days
Philippine Army		[47]
50
Felimon Santos Jr.
Santos, FelimonGeneral
Felimon Santos Jr.
(born 1964)		January 4, 2020August 3, 2020212 days
Philippine Army		[48]
51
Gilbert Gapay
Gapay, GilbertGeneral
Gilbert Gapay
(born 1965)		August 3, 2020February 4, 2021185 days
Philippine Army		[49]
52
Cirilito Sobejana
Sobejana, CirilitoGeneral
Cirilito Sobejana
(born 1965)		February 4, 2021July 31, 2021177 days
Philippine Army		[50]
53
Jose Faustino Jr.
Faustino, Jose Jr.General
Jose Faustino Jr.
(born 1965)
[y]		July 31, 2021November 12, 2021104 days
Philippine Army		[51]
54
Andres Centino
Centino, AndresGeneral
Andres Centino
(born 1967)		November 12, 2021August 8, 2022269 days
Philippine Army		[52]
55
Bartolome Vicente Bacarro
Bacarro, Bartolome Vicente O.Lieutenant General
Bartolome Vicente Bacarro
(born 1966)		August 8, 2022January 6, 2023151 days
Philippine Army		[53]
56
Andres Centino
Centino, AndresGeneral
Andres Centino
(born 1967)		January 6, 2023July 21, 2023196 days
Philippine Army		[54]
57
Romeo Brawner Jr.
Brawner, Romeo Jr.General
Romeo Brawner Jr.
(born 1968)		July 21, 2023Incumbent2 years, 302 days
Philippine Army		[55][56]
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See also

Notes

  1. [a]
    First officer to hold full General rank.
  2. [b]
    Recalled by President Marcos from retirement and appointed as Chief of Staff.
  3. [c]
    Yan served as the youngest chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines at the age of 48. Prior to that, he was the chief of the Philippine Constabulary. He currently holds the record for longest continuous government service from 1937– 2001 or 64 years of service.
  4. [d]
    Espino served as the Commanding General of the Philippine Army before appointed to become the top military man. Espino is the longest-serving Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for nine years, especially during the martial law regime. A second product of the ROTC. During his term, he was fair in administering the military, unlike his successor, General Fabian Ver.
  5. [e]
    Ver was considered a loyalist and the second most powerful man in the country next to President Ferdinand Marcos in the later years of his authoritarian regime, replacing then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who held the status since 1972 when Marcos named him as martial law administrator upon the imposition of martial law. Ver, in fact, was the most powerful military officer at that time for, aside from being the top military man, he was also the commander of the Presidential Security Command and the director-general of NISA, the Marcos regime's secret police. The third military officer appointed as chief of staff that came from ROTC. During his term, he was known for his favoritism especially in the promotion of officers & was linked to the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., the biggest critique of the Marcos regime.
  6. [f]
    Ramos served in acting capacity while General Ver was temporary relieved due to ongoing investigation of Aquino's assassination.
  7. [g]
    Ver was considered a loyalist and the second most powerful man in the country next to President Ferdinand Marcos in the later years of his authoritarian regime, replacing then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who held the status since 1972 when Marcos named him as martial law administrator upon the imposition of martial law. Ver, in fact, was the most powerful military officer at that time for, aside from being the top military man, he was also the commander of the Presidential Security Command and the director-general of NISA, the Marcos regime's secret police. The third military officer appointed as chief of staff that came from ROTC. During his term, he was known for his favoritism especially in the promotion of officers & was linked to the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., the biggest critique of the Marcos regime.
  8. [h]
    Ramos then, before becoming the chief of the now defunct Philippine Constabulary in 1972, he was the commander of Philippine Army's 3rd Division in Cebu. On the 1980s he was promoted into vice-chief of staff with the rank of lieutenant general but remained as PC chief. After the EDSA revolt that ousted Marcos his cousin from power, he became the AFP chief. Later after retiring as AFP chief of staff during the term of President Corazon C. Aquino, he served as Secretary of National Defense and was elected the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines in 1992 and served until 1998, the year which the country celebrated its centennial anniversary of the declaration of Independence, earning him the nickname of "Centennial President". He is the 2nd Army General who became the President of the Republic after Gen. Aguinaldo but he was the first & only career military officer to hold a rank of five-star general/admiral de jure rising from second lieutenant up to commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
  9. [i]
    Prior to becoming chief of staff, in 1986, de Villa was named to be the chief of the Philippine Constabulary (now defunct), then an AFP major service acting as the country's police force while he was also named to be AFP vice-chief of staff with the rank of three-star general. Upon retirement, de Villa served as Secretary of National Defense when he retired in 1991 and ran for president but lost to Joseph Estrada and Executive Secretary under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
  10. [j]
    Biazon served in the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives after his retirement as AFP chief of staff in 1991. He is the first and only Chief of Staff from the PMC. Prior to that, he served as the commander of the AFP NCR Defense Command in 1988 and Commandant of the Philippine Marine Corps in 1987. He had also served as the superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy in 1986.
  11. [k]
    Enrile later served as Secretary of the DOTC under President Fidel Ramos.
  12. [l]
    Later served as Ambassador to Pakistan.
  13. [m]
    Reyes later served as Secretary of National Defense, Secretary of DILG, Secretary of DENR, and Secretary of DOE under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
  14. [n]
    Cimatu later served as Special Envoy to the Middle East. Cimatu served as the Secretary of the DENR under President Rodrigo Duterte.
  15. [o]
    Later served as the director-general of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
  16. [p]
    Esperon later served as Presidential Adviser on Peace Process under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo & later served as National Security Adviser under President Rodrigo Duterte.
  17. [q]
    Yano later served as our country's Ambassador to Brunei.
  18. [r]
    David later served as Bureau of Immigration Commissioner under President Benigno Aquino III.
  19. [s]
    Later served as Bases Conversion Development Agency Board Member and as Officer-In-Charge Director-general of the Bureau of Corrections under President Bongbong Marcos.
  20. [t]
    Later served as the Administrator of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) under President Rodrigo Duterte.[42]
  21. [u]
    Later served as the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) under President Rodrigo Duterte.
  22. [v]
    Later served as the Administrator of the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) and later as Commissioner of the Bureau of Customs under President Rodrigo Duterte
  23. [w]
    Later served as the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process & later as the Vaccine Czar during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
  24. [x]
    Madrigal later served as a member of the governing board of the Philippine Coconut Authority.
  25. [y]
    later served as the Officer-In-Charge Secretary of the Department of National Defense under President Bongbong Marcos

References

External links

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