Commonwealth and Protectorate

The Commonwealth and Protectorate (1649–1660) refers to the kingless governments of England (including Wales and Cornwall), Scotland, Great Britain and Ireland during the Interregnum between the actual reigns of the Stuart King Charles I (1625–1649) and his son King Charles II (1660–1685).

See

• Commonwealth of England (under parliamentary rule, 1649–1653 and 1659–1660)

and

• The Protectorate (The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, 1653–1659),
  under the Lords Protectors, first Oliver Cromwell (1653–1658) and then his son Richard Cromwell (1658–1659).