Glucose 1-phosphate
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Glucose 1-phosphate (also called Cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1'-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-anomeric form.
Anionic form of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate | |
 Neutral form of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
D-Glucopyranosyl dihydrogen phosphate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
(2Ξ,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate | |
| Other names
Cori ester | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.396 |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | glucose-1-phosphate |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C6H13O9P | |
| Molar mass | 260.135 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Reactions of α-glucose 1-phosphate
Catabolic
In glycogenolysis, it is the direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. A deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is known as glycogen storage disease type V (McArdle Disease).
To be utilized in cellular catabolism it must first be converted to glucose 6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in a free equilibrium.[1][2][3] One reason that cells form glucose 1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown is that the very polar phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism. Phosphoglucomutase-1 deficiency is known as glycogen storage disease type 14 (GSD XIV).[4]
Anabolic
In glycogenesis, free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose,[5] by using the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase.[5]
β-Glucose 1-phosphate
β-Glucose 1-phosphate is found in some microbes. It is produced by inverting α-glucan phosphorylases including maltose phosphorylase, kojibiose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase and is then converted into glucose 6-phosphate by β-phosphoglucomutase.