1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Selection of the Democratic Party nominee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, in Atlanta, Georgia.
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February 8 to June 14, 1988
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Background
Having been badly defeated in the 1984 presidential election, the Democrats in 1985 and 1986 were eager to find a new approach to win the presidency. They created the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), with the aim of recruiting a candidate for the 1988 election.[citation needed]
The large gains in the 1986 mid-term elections (which resulted in the Democrats taking back control of the Senate after six years of Republican rule) and the continuing Iran–Contra affair gave Democrats confidence in the run-up to the primary season.[citation needed]
Pre-primary events
The Hart-Rice affair
The Democratic front-runner for most of 1987 was former Colorado Senator Gary Hart.[1] Hart had made a strong showing in the 1984 primaries and, after Mondale's defeat in the presidential election, had positioned himself as the moderate centrist many Democrats felt their party would need to win.[2]
However, questions and rumors about possible extramarital affairs and about past debts dogged Hart's campaign.[3] One of the great myths is that Senator Hart challenged the media to "put a tail" on him and that reporters then took him up on that challenge. In fact, Hart had told E. J. Dionne of The New York Times that if reporters followed him around, they would "be bored". However, in a separate investigation, the Miami Herald claimed to have received an anonymous tip from a friend of Donna Rice that Rice was involved with Hart. It was only after Hart had been discovered that the Herald reporters found Hart's quote in a pre-print of The New York Times Magazine.[4]
On May 8, 1987, a week after the Donna Rice story broke, Hart dropped out of the race.[3]
In December 1987, Hart surprised many political pundits by resuming his presidential campaign.[5] He again led in the polls for the Democratic nomination, both nationally and in Iowa. However, the allegations of adultery and reports of irregularities in his campaign financing had delivered a fatal blow to his candidacy, and he fared poorly in the early primaries before dropping out again.[6]
The Hart scandal would later be depicted in the 2018 film The Front Runner, with Hugh Jackman portraying Hart.
Biden plagiarism scandals
Delaware Senator Joe Biden led a highly competitive campaign which ended in controversy after he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by Neil Kinnock, then-leader of the British Labour Party.[7] Though Biden had correctly credited the original author in all speeches but one, the one of which he failed to make mention of the originator was caught on video and sent to the press by members of the Dukakis campaign. In the video Biden is filmed repeating a stump speech by Kinnock, with only minor modifications. Michael Dukakis later acknowledged that his campaign was responsible for leaking the tape, and two members of his staff resigned.[8]
It was also reported that Biden had been guilty of plagiarism years before, while a student at the Syracuse University College of Law in the 1960s. Though Biden professed his integrity, the impression lingering in the media as the result of this double punch would lead him to drop out of the race.[8] He formally suspended his campaign on September 28, 1987.
The Delaware Supreme Court's Board on Professional Responsibility would later clear Biden of the law school plagiarism charges.[9]
After campaigns in 2008 and 2020, Biden was elected the 47th vice president in 2008 and 2012 and the 46th president in 2020.
Overview
| Active campaign | Exploratory committee [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] |
Withdrawn candidate | Democratic National Convention | ||||
| Midterm elections | Debates [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] |
Primaries |
Candidates
Nominee
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Campaign | Delegates won | Popular
vote |
Contests won | Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Dukakis | .jpg) |
Governor of Massachusetts (1975–1979, 1983–1991) |
|
  (Campaign) |
1,726.5 (48.77%) |
9,705,590 (42.18%) |
30 | Lloyd Bentsen | .jpg) | |
Eliminated at Convention
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Campaign
Withdrawal date |
Delegates won | Popular vote | Contests won | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesse Jackson |  |
President of PUSH (1971–2023) |
|
 (Campaign) Lost at convention: July 21, 1988 |
1,056 (29.83%) |
6,732,778 (29.26%) |
13 | |
Withdrew during primaries
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Campaign
Withdrawal date |
Delegates won | Popular vote | Contests won | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al Gore | .jpg) |
U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1985–1993) |
|
 (Campaign) Withdrew: April 21, 1988 |
375 (9.44%) |
3,124,278 (13.58%) |
7 | |
| Paul Simon | .jpg) |
U.S. Senator from Illinois (1985–1997) |
|
 (Campaign) Withdrew: April 7, 1988 |
147 (4.15%) |
1,078,112 (4.68%) |
1 | |
| Dick Gephardt | .jpg) |
U.S. Representative from Missouri (1977–2005) |
|
 (Campaign) Withdrew: March 29, 1988 |
126 (3.56%) |
1,432,080 (6.22%) |
3 | |
| Gary Hart | .jpg) |
U.S. Senator from Colorado (1975–1987) |
|
 (Campaign) Suspended: May 8, 1987 Re-entered: December 12, 1987 Withdrew: March 12, 1988 |
1 (0.03%) |
354,298 (1.54%) |
0 | |
| Bruce Babbitt |  |
Governor of Arizona (1978–1987) |
|
 (Campaign) Withdrew: February 18, 1988 |
0 (0.00%) |
80,483 (0.35%) |
0 | |
Withdrew before primaries
| Candidate | Experience | Home state | Campaign
Withdrawal date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pat Schroeder |  |
U.S. Representative from Colorado (1973–1997) |
|
(Campaign) Withdrew: September 28, 1987 | |
| Joe Biden |  |
U.S. Senator from Delaware (1973–2009) |
|
 (Campaign) Withdrew: September 23, 1987 | |
Minor candidates
Other notable individuals campaigning for the nomination but not featuring in major polls were:
| Douglas Applegate | David Duke | Lyndon LaRouche | Andy Sundberg[44] | James Traficant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
.jpg) |
.jpg) |
 |
| U.S. Representative from Ohio (1977-1995) (Campaign) |
No Elected Office (Grand Wizard of the KKK) (1974-1980) (Campaign) |
No Elected Office (Head of the NCLB) (1968-2019) |
No Elected Office (Chair of Democrats Abroad) (1981-1985) |
U.S. Representative from Ohio (1985-2002) |
Declined
| Lloyd Bentsen | Robert C. Byrd | Ted Kennedy | Lee Iacocca | Mario Cuomo | Sam Nunn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
 |
.jpg) |
_September_1990_(24260443970)_(cropped2).jpg) |
 |
.jpg) |
| U.S. Senator from Texas (1971–1993) |
U.S. Senator from West Virginia (1959–2010) |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1962–2009) |
Businessman from Pennsylvania (1978–1992) |
Governor of New York (1983–1994) |
U.S. Senator from Georgia (1972–1997) |
| (December 19, 1985)[45] | (July 16, 1986) | (February 19, 1987) | (February 21, 1987) | ||
| Dale Bumpers | Bill Clinton | Bill Bradley | Dick Celeste | Chuck Robb | |
.jpg) |
 |
.jpg) |
.jpg) |
.jpg) | |
| U.S. Senator from Arkansas (1975–1999) |
Governor of Arkansas (1979-1981, 1983-1992) |
U.S. Senator from New Jersey (1979–1997) |
Governor of Ohio (1983–1991) |
Former Governor of Virginia (1982–1986) | |
| (March 20, 1987) | (July 15, 1987) | (August 2, 1987) | (August 24, 1987)[46] | (November 12, 1987) |
Polling
| Poll source | Dates Conducted | Gary Hart |
Michael Dukakis |
Jesse Jackson |
Al Gore |
Richard Gephardt |
Paul Simon |
Joseph Biden |
Patricia Shroeder |
Bruce Babbitt |
Edward Kennedy |
Mario Cuomo |
Lee Iacocca |
Geraldine Ferraro |
Bill Bradley |
Tom Bradley |
Jay Rockefeller |
Chuck Robb |
Mark White |
Dianne Feinstein |
Sam Nunn |
Dale Bumpers |
Tony Coelho |
Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallup[a][47] | Jun. 7-10, 1985 | 31% | - | 14% | - | - | - | 1% | *% | 1% | 46% | 15% | 11% | 12% | 4% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 2% | *% | - |
| Gallup[a][48] | Jan. 10-13, 1986 | 47% | - | 16% | - | - | - | 1% | 1% | 1% | - | 22% | 18% | - | 8% | 8% | 6% | 3% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 1% | - |
| Gallup[a][49] | Apr. 11-14, 1986 | 39% | - | 18% | - | - | - | 1% | 2% | 1% | - | 27% | 14% | - | 6% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 2% | *% | - |
| Gallup[a][50] | Jun. 9-16, 1986 | 55% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 30% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75% | - | 14% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 59% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 28% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Gallup[a][51] | Jul. 11-14, 1986 | 34% | - | 17% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22% | 26% | - | 7% | 7% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 3% | - | - | - | - |
| Gallup[a][52] | Sep. 3-17, 1986 | 54% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 74% | - | 15% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 58% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Gallup[a][53] | Oct. 24-27, 1986 | 32% | - | 14% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 27% | 26% | - | 8% | 7% | 6% | 3% | 3% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gallup[54] | Jan. 16-19, 1987 | 32% | 1% | 14% | - | *% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | 13% | 15% | - | 4% | - | - | 3% | - | - | 1% | 1% | - | - |
| 37% | 2% | 14% | - | *% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | - | 17% | - | 5% | - | - | 3% | - | - | 2% | 2% | - | - | ||
| WaPo-ABC News[55] | Jan. 15-19, 1987 | 39% | - | 13% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | 2% | - | 18% | - | - | - | - | - | 3% | - | - | 4% | - | - | - |
| NYT-CBS News[56] | Jan. 18-21, 1987 | 33% | 1% | 9% | - | 2% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | 17% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3% | - | - | - |
| WaPo-ABC News[57] | Mar. 5-9, 1987 | 46% | 4% | 14% | - | 3% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | 18% | - | - | - | - | - | 2% | - | - | 4% | 3% | - | - |
| Gallup[58] | Apr. 10-13, 1987 | - | 7% | 27% | 6% | 6% | - | 2% | - | 4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12% |
| WaPo-ABC News[59] | May 4, 1987 | 36% | 9% | 12% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| NYT-CBS News[60] | May 5-6, 1987 | 32% | 6% | 10% | 1% | 4% | - | 1% | - | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1%[b] |
| Gallup[58] | May 6-7, 1987 | - | 11% | 22% | 6% | 7% | 9% | 1% | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5% |
| May 8: Gary Hart suspends campaign | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NYT-CBS News[61] | May 11-14, 1987 | - | 11% | 17% | 5% | 4% | 6% | 2% | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2%[c] |
| - | 6% | 12% | 4% | 3% | 5% | 1% | - | 3% | - | 25% | - | - | 6% | - | - | - | - | - | 4% | - | - | 2%[d] | ||
| WaPo-ABC News[62] | May 28 - Jun. 1, 1987 | - | 11% | 25% | 5% | 10% | 13% | 3% | - | 4% | - | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7% |
| Gallup[58] | Jun. 8-14, 1987 | - | 11% | 18% | 5% | 7% | 7% | 7% | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5% |
| Gallup[63] | Jul. 10-13, 1987 | - | 13% | 17% | 8% | 3% | 7% | 4% | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2% |
| Gallup[64] | Jul. 6-19, 1987 | 25% | 5% | 13% | 5% | 5% | 6% | 3% | - | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5% |
| NYT-CBS News[65] | Jul 21-22, 1987 | - | 8% | 14% | 7% | 3% | 6% | 4% | 5% | 3% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gallup[66] | Aug. 24 - Sep. 2, 1987 | - | 13% | 19% | 8% | 6% | 7% | 3% | 6% | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2% |
| Gallup Times Mirror Co.[67] |
Sep. 1-13, 1987 | - | 15% | 24% | 6% | 7% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3% |
| WaPo-ABC News[68][69] | Sep. 17-23, 1987 | - | 12% | 23% | 7% | 8% | 5% | 6% | - | 4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gallup[70] | Oct. 23-26, 1987 | - | 14% | 22% | 7% | 5% | 8% | - | - | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *% |
| December 12: Gary Hart reenters race | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| WaPo-ABC News[71] | Dec. 13-15, 1987 | 30% | 15% | 20% | 5% | 2% | 8% | - | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| NYT-CBS News[72] | Dec. 15, 1987 | 21% | 9% | 17% | 5% | 1% | 4% | - | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3% |
| - | 11% | 22% | 5% | 3% | 5% | - | - | 4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3% | ||
| Gallup News Tribune[73] |
Dec. 7-28, 1987 | 31% | 10% | 13% | 5% | 2% | 10% | - | - | 3% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| WaPo-ABC News[74] | Jan. 17–23, 1988 | 23% | 11% | 25% | 6% | 4% | 12% | - | - | 3% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gallup[75] | Jan. 22-24, 1988 | 23% | 16% | 15% | 6% | 9% | 9% | - | - | 4% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| February 8: Iowa caucus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 16: New Hampshire primary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 8: Super Tuesday | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gallup[75] | Mar. 10-12, 1988 | - | 32% | 23% | 17% | 10% | 5% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Endorsements
Results
In the Iowa caucuses, Gephardt finished first, Simon finished second, and Dukakis finished third. In the New Hampshire primary, Dukakis finished first, Gephardt finished second, and Simon finished third. Dukakis and Gore campaigned hard against Gephardt with negative ads, and eventually the United Auto Workers retracted their endorsement of Gephardt, who was heavily dependent on labor union backing.
In the Super Tuesday races, Dukakis won six primaries, Gore five, Jackson five and Gephardt one, with Gore and Jackson splitting the southern states. The next week, Simon won Illinois. 1988 is tied with 1992 as the race with the most candidates winning primaries since the McGovern reforms of 1971. Gore's effort to paint Dukakis as too liberal for the general election proved unsuccessful and he eventually withdrew. Jackson focused more on getting enough delegates to make sure African-American interests were represented in the platform than on winning outright.[76] Dukakis eventually emerged as the party's nominee.
Tablemaker's Note:[e]
| Date | Pledged Delegates |
Contest | Delegates Won and Popular Vote | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Dukakis |
Jesse Jackson |
Al Gore |
Paul Simon |
Dick Gephardt |
Gary Hart |
Bruce Babbitt |
Uncommitted | Others | Total | |||
| February 8 | 0 (of 52) | Iowa Caucuses[f] [77][78] |
670 SDEs[g] (22.36%) 18,041 (20.56%) |
264 SDEs[g] (8.81%) 9,773 (11.14%) |
0 SDEs[g] (0.00%) 192 (0.22%) |
799 SDEs[g] (26.67%) 21,403 (24.39%) |
935 SDEs[g] (31.21%) 24,136 (27.51%) |
6 SDEs[g] (0.20%) 896 (1.02%) |
184 SDEs[g] (6.14%) 8,049 (9.17%) |
138 SDEs[g] (4.61%) 5,251 (5.98%) |
— | 2,996 SDEs[g] 87,741 |
| February 16 | 18 (of 18) | New Hampshire Primary |
9 Del. 44,112 (35.89%) |
9,615 (7.82%) |
8,373 (6.83%) |
3 Del. 21,094 (17.16%) |
6 Del. 24,428 (19.94%) |
4,888 (3.98%) |
5,644 (4.59%) |
— | 4,647[h] (3.78%) |
122,913 |
| February 23 | 0 (of 68) | Minnesota Caucuses[i] |
9,386 (33.50%) (~30%)[j] |
5,596 (19.97%) (~23%)[j] |
278 (0.99%) (~1%)[j] |
4,995 (17.83%) (~18%)[j] |
2,005 (7.16%) (~6%)[j] |
184 (0.66%) (~0.8%)[j] |
59 (0.21%) (~0.5%)[j] |
5,132 (18.32%) (~15%)[j] |
381 (1.36%) |
26,551 |
| 15 (of 15) | South Dakota Primary [83][84][85] |
6 Del. 22,367 (31.21%) |
3,866 (5.39%) |
5,990 (8.36%) |
3,991 (5.57%) |
9 Del. 31,226 (43.57%) |
3,876 (5.41%) |
345 (0.48%) |
— | — | 71,661 | |
| February 28 | 0 (of 23) | Maine Caucuses[k] [86][87] |
1,327 SDEs[g] (42.19%) |
842 SDEs[g] (26.77%) |
48 SDEs[g] (1.53%) |
133 SDEs[g] (4.23%) |
97 SDEs[g] (3.08%) |
42 SDEs[g] (1.34%) |
— | 648 SDEs[g] (20.60%) |
8 SDEs[g] (0.25%) |
3,553 SDEs |
| March 1 | 0 (of 14) | Vermont Primary [88] |
28,244 (56.61%) |
13,030 (37.39%) |
— | 2,596 (5.20%) |
3,968 (7.95%) |
2,052 (4.11%) |
— | — | — | 49,890 |
| March 5 | 0 (of 13) | Wyoming Caucuses [89][90][91] |
77 SDEs[g] (26.10%) 766 (25.81%) |
38 SDEs[g] (12.88%) 439 (14.79%) |
79.5 SDEs[g] (26.95%) 747 (25.17%) |
10 SDEs[g] (3.39%) 108 (3.64%) |
68 SDEs[g] (23.05%) 685 (23.08%) |
1 SDEs[g] (0.34%) 32 (1.08%) |
— | 21.5 SDEs[g] (7.29%) 191 (6.44%) |
— | 295 SDEs[g] 2,968 |
| March 8 | 56 (of 56) | Alabama Primary [92][93] |
31,351 (7.72%) |
28 Del. 176,764 (43.54%) |
28 Del. 151,739 (37.39%) |
3,063 (0.75%) |
30,214 (7.44%) |
7,530 (1.85%) |
2,410 (0.59%) |
2,072 (0.51%) |
845[l] (0.21%) |
405,988 |
| 3 (of 3) | American Samoa Terr. Caucus [92] |
1 Del. 1 (33.33%) |
— | — | — | 1 Del. 1 (33.33%) |
— | — | 1 Del. 1 (33.33%) |
— | 3 | |
| 38 (of 38) | Arkansas Primary |
10 Del. 93,532 (18.85%) |
9 Del. 85,047 (17.14%) |
19 Del. 184,729 (37.24%) |
8,908 (1.80%) |
59,471 (11.99%) |
18,598 (3.75%) |
2,621 (0.53%) |
35,376 (7.13%) |
7,804[m] (1.57%) |
496,086 | |
| 136 (of 136) | Florida Primary [92] |
90 Del. 509,204 (40.85%) |
33 Del. 250,496 (20.10%) |
6 Del. 158,789 (12.74%) |
26,739 (2.15%) |
7 Del. 179,350 (14.39%) |
35,329 (2.83%) |
9,899 (0.79%) |
76,682 (6.15%) |
— | 1,246,488 | |
| 86 (of 86) | Georgia Primary [92][96] |
14 Del. 97,007 (15.61%) |
38 Del. 246,757 (39.72%) |
33 Del. 201,022 (32.35%) |
8,458 (1.36%) |
41,701 (6.71%) |
15,844 (2.55%) |
3,287 (0.53%) |
7,227 (1.16%) |
— | 621,303 | |
| 0 (of 20) | Hawaii Caucuses[n] [92][97][98] |
2,716 (54.59%) |
1,739 (34.95%) |
58 (1.17%) |
46 (0.92%) |
98 (1.97%) |
57 (1.15%) |
— | 259 (5.21%) |
2[o] (0.04%) |
4,975 | |
| 0 (of 18) | Idaho Caucuses [92][99][100] |
140 SDEs[g] (37.53%) 1,516 (37.63%) |
73 SDEs[g] (19.57%) 882 (21.89%) |
32 SDEs[g] (8.58%) 333 (8.27%) |
16 SDEs[g] (4.29%) 280 (6.95%) |
3 SDEs[g] (0.80%) 44 (1.09%) |
0 SDEs[g] (0.00%) 1 (0.02%) |
0 SDEs[g] (0.00%) 1 (0.02%) |
109 SDEs[g] (29.22%) 972 (24.13%) |
— | 373 SDEs[g] 4,029 | |
| 55 (of 55) | Kentucky Primary [92][101][102][103] |
12 Del. 59,433 (18.65%) |
6 Del. 49,667 (15.58%) |
37 Del. 145,988 (45.80%) |
9,393 (2.95%) |
28,982 (9.09%) |
11,798 (3.70%) |
1,290 (0.40%) |
10,465 (3.28%) |
1,705[p] (0.53%) |
318,721 | |
| 63 (of 63) | Louisiana Primary[q] [92][104] |
6 Del. 95,315 (15.23%) |
32 Del. 220,305 (35.20%) |
23 Del. 174,106 (27.82%) |
5,121 (0.82%) |
2 Del. 69,875 (11.16%) |
26,669 (4.26%) |
3,080 (0.49%) |
— | 31,468[r] (5.03%) |
625,939 | |
| 67 (of 67) | Maryland Primary [92][105] |
47 Del. 236,681 (45.82%) |
20 Del. 149,837 (29.01%) |
45,149 (8.74%) |
14,188 (2.75%) |
41,315 (8.00%) |
9,460 (1.83%) |
4,597 (0.89%) |
13,368 (2.59%) |
1,983[s] (0.38%) |
516,578 | |
| 98 (of 98) | Massachusetts Primary [92][106] |
79 Del. 416,802 (58.58%) |
19 Del. 132,507 (18.62%) |
31,991 (4.50%) |
26,064 (3.66%) |
72,678 (10.21%) |
11,199 (1.57%) |
4,939 (0.69%) |
11,681 (1.64%) |
3,670[t] (0.52%) |
711,531 | |
| 40 (of 40) | Mississippi Primary [92] |
1 Del. 31,318 (8.76%) |
24 Del. 157,530 (44.06%) |
15 Del. 120,166 (33.61%) |
2,123 (0.59%) |
19,683 (5.51%) |
13,790 (3.86%) |
2,137 (0.60%) |
9,474 (2.65%) |
1,285[s] (0.36%) |
357,506 | |
| 77 (of 77) | Missouri Primary [92] |
1 Del. 61,557 (11.66%) |
14 Del. 106,287 (20.13%) |
14,557 (2.76%) |
21,424 (4.06%) |
62 Del. 305,123 (57.80%) |
7,594 (1.44%) |
1,405 (0.26%) |
6,609 (1.25%) |
3,327[u] (0.63%) |
527,883 | |
| 0 (of 16) | Nevada Caucuses [92][107][108] |
548 SDEs[g] (26.07%) |
460 SDEs[g] (21.88%) |
693 SDEs[g] (32.97%) |
23 SDEs[g] (1.09%) |
39 SDEs[g] (1.86%) |
10 SDEs[g] (0.48%) |
— | 329 SDEs[g] (15.65%) |
— | 2,102 SDEs[g] | |
| 82 (of 82) | North Carolina Primary [92] |
17 Del. 137,755 (20.30%) |
31 Del. 223,207 (32.90%) |
34 Del. 235,345 (34.69%) |
8,072 (1.19%) |
37,483 (5.52%) |
16,450 (2.42%) |
3,921 (0.57%) |
16,247 (2.39%) |
— | 678,480 | |
| 46 (of 46) | Oklahoma Primary [92] |
7 Del. 66,229 (16.87%) |
3 Del. 52,431 (13.36%) |
23 Del. 162,513 (41.40%) |
6,894 (1.76%) |
13 Del. 82,556 (21.03%) |
14,328 (3.65%) |
1,599 (0.41%) |
- | 6,021[v] (1.53%) |
392,571 | |
| 22 (of 22) | Rhode Island Primary [92] |
19 Del. 34,159 (69.96%) |
3 Del. 7,369 (15.09%) |
1,932 (3.96%) |
1,392 (2.85%) |
2,013 (4.12%) |
738 (1.51%) |
402 (0.82%) |
818 (1.67%) |
- | 48,823 | |
| 70 (of 70) | Tennessee Primary [92][109] |
19,268 (3.36%) |
14 Del. 118,615 (20.69%) |
56 Del. 414,569 (72.30%) |
2,641 (0.46%) |
8,657 (1.51%) |
4,693 (0.82%) |
1,982 (0.35%) |
2,939 (0.51%) |
- | 573,364 | |
| 119 (of 183) | Texas Primary[w] [92][110][111] |
43 Del. 553,006 (32.35%) |
42 Del. 418,057 (24.46%) |
25 Del. 349,505 (20.45%) |
34,269 (2.00%) |
9 Del. 232,814 (13.62%) |
79,235 (4.64%) |
15,073 (0.88%) |
- | 27,518[x] (1.53%) |
1,709,477 | |
| 75 (of 75) | Virginia Primary[y] [92] |
15 Del. 78,637 (21.79%) |
38 Del. 162,545 (45.03%) |
22 Del. 81,064 (22.46%) |
6,921 (1.92%) |
16,179 (4.48%) |
6,241 (1.73%) |
2,465 (0.68%) |
6,086 (1.69%) |
796[z] (0.22%) |
360,934 | |
| 0 (of 13) | Washington Caucuses [112] |
5,906 SDEs[g] (43.61%) |
4,562 SDEs[g] (33.69%) |
460 SDEs[g] (3.40%) |
526 SDEs[g] (3.88%) |
175 SDEs[g] (1.29%) |
16 SDEs[g] (0.12%) |
— | 1,898 SDEs[g] (14.01%) |
— | 13,543 SDEs | |
| March 10 | 0 (of 17) | Alaska Caucuses[aa] [113] |
769 SDEs[g] (30.78%) |
872 SDEs[g] (34.91%) |
47 SDEs[g] (1.88%) |
18 SDEs[g] (0.72%) |
16 SDEs[g] (0.64%) |
8 SDEs[g] (0.32%) |
— | 768 SDEs[g] (30.74%) |
— | 2,498 SDEs |
| March 12 | 0 (of 47) | South Carolina Caucuses[ab] [114] |
961 SDEs[g] (6.64%) |
7,821 SDEs[g] (54.04%) |
2,577 SDEs[g] (17.81%) |
39 SDEs[g] (0.27%) |
296 SDEs[g] (2.05%) |
5 SDEs[g] (0.03%) |
— | 2,773 SDEs[g] (19.16%) |
— | 14,472 SDEs |
| March 15 | 0 (of 187) | Illinois Preference Primary [115][116] |
245,289 (16.34%) |
484,233 (32.26%) |
77,265 (5.15%) |
635,219 (42.32%) |
35,108 (2.34%) |
— | — | — | 23,816[ac] (9.07%) |
1,500,930 |
| 113 (of 187) | Illinois Delegate Primary [117] |
— | 24 Del. | — | 89 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| March 19 | 0 (of 183) | Texas Caucuses[ad] [118] |
1,666 SDEs[g] (33.08%) |
1,722 SDEs[g] (34.19%) |
915 SDEs[g] (18.17%) |
— | 156 SDEs[g] (3.10%) |
— | — | 553 SDEs[g] (10.98%) |
25 SDEs[g][ae] (0.50%) |
2,498 SDEs |
| March 20 | 0 (of 39) | Kansas Caucuses [119][120] |
278 SDEs[g] (36.39%) |
235 SDEs[g] (30.76%) |
125 SDEs[g] (16.36%) |
— | 12 SDEs[g] (1.57%) |
— | — | 114 SDEs[g] (14.92%) |
— | 764 SDEs |
| 0 (of 51) | Puerto Rico Pref. Primary[af] [121][122] |
17,023 (23.07%) (~26%)[ag] |
25,971 (35.20%) (~32%)[ag] |
13,210 (17.90%) (~17%)[ag] |
14,870 (20.15%) (~21%)[ag] |
2,707 (3.67%) (~3%)[ag] |
— | — | — | — | 73,781 | |
| 51 (of 51) | Puerto Rico Delegate Primary [123] |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51 Del. | — | — | |
| March 22 | 9 (of 9) | Democrats Abroad Primary [124][125] |
0.5 Del. 990 (48.06%) |
347 (16.84%) |
— | 248 (12.04%) |
— | — | — | 8.5 Del. | 475[ah] (23.06%) |
2,060 |
| March 26 | 0 (of 138) | Michigan Caucuses [126][127] |
61,568 (29.08%) |
113,140 (53.44%) |
4,296 (2.03%) |
4,456 (2.10%) |
27,125 (12.81%) |
349 (0.16%) |
— | 429 (0.20%) |
342[ai] (0.16%) |
211,705 |
| 0 (of 15) | North Dakota Caucuses [128][129] |
692 (27.71%) |
479 (19.18%) |
136 (5.45%) |
150 (6.01%) |
442 (17.70%) |
26 (1.04%) |
12 (0.48%) |
529 (21.19%) |
31[aj] (1.24%) |
2,497 | |
| March 29 | 59 (of 59) | Connecticut Primary [130] |
35 Del. 139,434 (60.77%) |
17 Del. 68,283 (29.76%) |
18,598 (8.11%) |
3,115 (1.36%) |
— | — | — | — | — | 229,430 |
| April 2 | 3 (of 3) | Virgin Is. Terr. Caucuses [131] |
37 (5.51%) |
3 Del. 634 (94.49%) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | 671 |
| April 4 | 0 (of 49) | Colorado Caucuses[ak] [132] |
3,974 SDEs[g] (~45.4%) |
3,453 SDEs[g] (~39.5%) |
236 SDEs[g] (~2.7%) |
— | — | — | — | 1,069 SDEs[g] (~12.2%) |
— | ? SDEs |
| April 5 | 81 (of 81) | Wisconsin Primary [133] |
44 Del. 483,172 (47.61%) |
24 Del. 285,995 (28.18%) |
13 Del. 176,712 (17.41%) |
48,419 (4.77%) |
7,996 (0.79%) |
7,068 (0.70%) |
2,353 (0.23%) |
2,554 (0.25%) |
513[al] (0.05%) |
1,014,782 |
| April 16 | 0 (of 36) | Arizona Caucuses [134][135] |
20,814 (54.11%) |
14,538 (37.80%) |
1,972 (5.13%) |
465 (1.21%) |
— | — | — | 639 (1.66%) |
35[am] (0.09%) |
38,463 |
| 15 (of 15) | North Dakota State Convention [136] |
3 Del. | 2 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 10 Del. | — | — | |
| 47 (of 47) | South Carolina State Convention [137][138] |
7 Del. | 28 Del. 634 (94.49%) |
12 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| April 18 | 0 (of 15) | Delaware Caucuses [139][140] |
51.5 SDEs[g] (27.25%) |
86.5 SDEs[g] (45.77%) |
4 SDEs[g] (2.12%) |
— | — | — | — | 47 SDEs[g] (24.87%) |
— | 189 SDEs |
| April 19 | 255 (of 255) | New York Primary [141][142] |
164 Del. 801,457 (50.87%) |
89 Del. 585,272 (37.15%) |
2 Del. 157,559 (10.00%) |
17,020 (1.08%) |
2,608 (0.17%) |
— | — | 10,323 (0.66%) |
1,152[an] (0.07%) |
1,575,391 |
| 0 (of 14) | Vermont Caucuses [143] |
582 SDEs[g] (44.63%) |
596 SDEs[g] (45.71%) |
6 SDEs[g] (0.46%) |
— | — | — | — | 120 SDEs[g] (9.20%) |
— | 1,304 SDEs | |
| April 23 | 6 (of 49) | Colorado CD Conventions[ao] [144] |
2 Del. | 4 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 26 (of 39) | Kansas CD Conventions [145][146] |
12 Del. | 7 Del. | 5 Del. | — | — | — | — | 2 Del. | — | — | |
| April 24 | 3 (of 3) | Guam Terr. Committee [147] |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 Del. | — | — |
| April 25 | 0 (of 23) | Utah Caucuses[ap] [148] |
7,205 (~70%) |
1,711 (~17%) |
— | — | — | — | — | 1,211 (~12%) |
— | ? |
| April 26 | 0 (of 96) | Pennsylvania Pref. Primary [149] |
1,002,480 (66.49%) |
411,260 (27.28%) |
44,542 (2.95%) |
9,692 (0.64%) |
7,254 (0.48%) |
20,473 (1.36%) |
— | — | 11,989[aq] (0.80%) |
1,507,690 |
| 116 (of 178) | Pennsylvania Delegate Primary [150][151][152][153] |
102 Del. | 14 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| April 30 | 43 (of 78) | Minnesota CD Conventions[ar] [154] |
19 Del. | 14 Del. | — | 2 Del. | — | — | — | 8 Del. | — | — |
| May 3 | 79 (of 79) | Indiana Primary [155][156] |
63 Del. 449,495 (69.61%) |
16 Del. 145,021 (22.46%) |
21,865 (3.39%) |
12,550 (1.94%) |
16,777 (2.60%) |
— | — | — | — | 645,708 |
| 159 (of 159) | Ohio Primary[as] [157][158][159] |
115 Del. 839,103 (63.00%) |
41 Del. 362,720 (27.23%) |
29,313 (2.20%) |
15,076 (1.13%) |
— | 1 Del. 23,915 (1.80%) |
— | — | 2 Del.[at] 61,699[au] (4.63%) |
794,904 | |
| 16 (of 16) | Washington, D.C. Primary [160] |
3 Del. 14,969 (17.71%) |
13 Del. 67,812 (80.24%) |
612 (0.72%) |
750 (0.89%) |
— | — | — | — | 371[av] (0.44%) |
84,514 | |
| May 7 | 60 (of 187) | Illinois State Committee [161] |
— | 13 Del. | — | 47 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8 (of 78) | Minnesota CD Conventions[aw] [162][163] |
3 Del. | 3 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 2 Del. | — | — | |
| 16 (of 16) | Nevada State Convention [164] |
7 Del. | 4 Del. | 5 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 13 (of 13) | Wyoming State Convention [165][166] |
6 Del. | 3 Del. | 4 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| May 10 | 25 (of 25) | Nebraska Primary[ax] [167][168] |
18 Del. 103,552 (62.44%) |
7 Del. 43,890 (26.46%) |
2,463 (1.49%) |
2,079 (1.25%) |
4,809 (2.90%) |
4,087 (2.46%) |
— | 4,544 (2.74%) |
424[ay] (0.26%) |
165,848 |
| 37 (of 37) | West Virginia Primary [169][170] |
37 Del. 254,289 (74.77%) |
45,788 (13.46%) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | 40,020[az] (11.77%) |
340,097 | |
| May 14 | 9 (of 49) | Colorado CD Conventions[ba] [171] |
7 Del. | 2 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 34 (of 52) | Iowa CD Conventions [172][173] |
12 Del. | 7 Del. | — | 6 Del. | 8 Del. | — | — | 1 Del. | — | — | |
| 13 (of 39) | Kansas State Convention [174][175] |
7 Del. | 3 Del. | 3 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 138 (of 138) | Michigan State Committee [176] |
55 Del. | 74 Del. | — | — | 9 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| May 15 | 17 (of 17) | Alaska State Convention [177][178] |
7 Del. | 7 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 3 Del. | — | — |
| 23 (of 23) | Maine State Convention [179][180] |
11 Del. | 9 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 3 Del. | — | — | |
| May 17 | 45 (of 45) | Oregon Primary [181] |
27 Del. 208,795 (55.46%) |
18 Del. 143,593 (38.14%) |
7,211 (1.92%) |
4,918 (1.31%) |
9,123 (2.42%) |
— | — | — | 2,817[bb] (0.75%) |
376,457 |
| May 20 | 14 (of 49) | Colorado CD Conventions[bc] [182] |
10 Del. | 4 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| May 21 | 20 (of 49) | Colorado State Convention [182] |
14 Del. | 6 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 14 (of 14) | Vermont State Convention [183][184] |
6 Del. | 7 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 1 Del. | — | — | |
| May 23 | 15 (of 15) | Delaware State Convention [185] |
4 Del. | 7 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 4 Del. | — | — |
| May 24 | 0 (of 18) | Idaho Primary [186] |
37,576 (73.33%) |
8,020 (15.65%) |
1,903 (3.71%) |
1,456 (2.84%) |
— | — | — | 2,287 (4.46%) |
— | 51,242 |
| May 28 | 23 (of 36) | Arizona Reg. Caucuses [187] |
14 Del. | 9 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20 (of 20) | Hawaii State Convention [92][188] |
12 Del. | 8 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| June 4 | 13 (of 36) | Arizona State Convention [189] |
9 Del. | 5 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 62 (of 178) | Pennsylvania State Committee [153] |
62 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 43 (of 65) | Washington CD Conventions [190] |
25 Del. | 18 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| June 7 | 314 (of 314) | California Primary[bd] [191][192] |
198 Del. 1,778,436 (59.89%) |
116 Del. 1,050,750 (35.38%) |
53,227 (1.79%) |
63,307 (2.13%) |
— | — | — | — | 23,884[be] (0.80%) |
2,969,604 |
| 19 (of 19) | Montana Primary [193][194] |
15 Del. 83,017 (68.64%) |
4 Del. 26,774 (22.14%) |
2,196 (1.82%) |
1,598 (1.32%) |
3,446 (2.85%) |
— | — | 3,912 (3.23%) |
— | 120,943 | |
| 109 (of 109) | New Jersey Primary [195][196][197] |
100 Del. 401,547 (64.66%) |
9 Del. 193,791 (31.21%) |
17,649 (2.84%) |
— | — | — | — | — | 7,978[bf] (1.28%) |
620,965 | |
| 24 (of 24) | New Mexico Primary [198][199][200] |
16 Del. 114,968 (60.96%) |
8 Del. 52,988 (28.09%) |
4,747 (2.52%) |
2,821 (1.50%) |
— | 6,898 (3.66%) |
2,913 (1.54%) |
3,275 (1.74%) |
— | 188,610 | |
| June 11 | 17 (of 78) | Minnesota State Convention [201][202] |
17 Del. | 10 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 22 (of 65) | Washington State Convention [203] |
13 Del. | 9 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| June 18 | 18 (of 18) | Idaho State Convention [204][205] |
9 Del. | 3 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 6 Del. | — | — |
| 64 (of 183) | Texas State Convention [206] |
29 Del. | 25 Del. | 10 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| June 25 | 18 (of 52) | Iowa State Convention [207] |
10 Del. | 5 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | 3 Del. | — | — |
| 23 (of 23) | Utah State Convention [208] |
20 Del. | 3 Del. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Totals | 1,726.5 Del. 9,705,590 (42.17%) |
1,056 Del. 6,732,778 (29.26%) |
375 Del. 3,124,278 (13.58%) |
147 Del. 1,078,112 (4.68%) |
126 Del. 1,432,080 (6.22%) |
1 Del. 354,298 (1.54%) |
0 Del. 80,483 (0.35%) |
106.5 Del. 238,420 (1.04%) |
2 Del. 267,110 (1.16%) |
3,540 Del. 23,013,149[bg] | ||
Democratic convention
The Democratic Party Convention was held in Atlanta, Georgia, July 18–21. The Dukakis nominating speech delivered by Arkansas governor and future president Bill Clinton was widely criticized as too long and tedious.[209]
Texas State Treasurer Ann Richards, (who two years later became the state governor in 1990), delivered a memorable keynote address in which she uttered the lines "Poor George [Bush], he can't help it, he was born with a silver foot in his mouth." Six years later, Bush's son George W. Bush would deny Richards re-election as Texas Governor in 1994.
With most candidates having withdrawn and asking their delegates to vote for Dukakis, the tally for president was as follows:[210]
- Michael Dukakis - 2,877 (70.09%)
- Jesse Jackson - 1,219 (29.70%)
- Richard Stallings - 3 (0.07%)
- Joe Biden - 2 (0.05%)
- Dick Gephardt - 2 (0.05%)
- Lloyd Bentsen - 1 (0.02%)
- Gary Hart - 1 (0.02%)
Jesse Jackson's campaign believed that since they had come in a respectable second, Jackson was entitled to the vice presidential spot. Dukakis refused, and gave the spot to Lloyd Bentsen.
Bentsen was selected in large part to secure the state of Texas and its large electoral vote for the Democrats. During the vice-presidential debate, Republican candidate and Senator Dan Quayle ignored a head-on confrontation with Bentsen (aside from the "Jack Kennedy" comparison) and spent his time attacking Dukakis.
See also
Notes
- Poll combines first- and second-choice responses.
- Support for Bill Clinton
- Support for Bill Clinton
- Support for Bill Clinton
- This should not be taken as a finalized list of results, as more than a few of the sources used did not report finalized or official results for the primaries or caucuses. Additionally, Superdelegates are not accounted for in the table as they were not bound to a candidate the way Pledged Delegates were.
- In terms of the candidate preference vote, the News Election Service was only able to collect about (70%) of the precincts reporting. NES claimed that the Iowa Democratic Party was actively discouraging participation in the preference count. The Party, for its part, preferred the media report on the "State Delegate Equivalents", or SDEs.
- State Delegate Equivalents (SDEs) are used to calculate how many delegates each candidate gets both in each district and on state-level.
- Includes 1,349 votes at (1.10%) for William J. DuPont, 264 votes at (0.21%) for David Duke, 188 votes at (0.15%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 142 votes at (0.12%) for William A. Marra, 122 votes at (0.10%) for Conrad W. Roy, 84 votes at (0.07%) for Florenzo Di Donato, 61 votes at (0.05%) for Anthony R. Martin-Trigona, 47 votes at (0.04%) for Stephen A. Koczak, 36 votes at (0.03%) for William King, 33 votes at (0.03%) for Edward T. O'Donnell, 33 votes at (0.03%) for Cyril E. Sagan, 28 votes at (0.02%) for Frank L. Thomas, 25 votes at (0.02%) for Claude Kirk, 22 votes at (0.02%) for Irwin Zucker, 18 votes at (0.01%) for Norbert G. Dernell, 16 votes at (0.01%) for Osie Thorpe, 10 votes at (0.01%) for A.A. Van Petten, and 9 votes at (0.01%) for Stanley Locke. Write-in votes for Republican candidates included 724 votes at (0.59%) for George Bush, 591 votes at (0.48%) for Bob Dole, 439 votes at (0.36%) for Pat Robertson, 233 votes at (0.19%) for Jack Kemp, 164 votes at (0.13%) for Pete du Pont, 7 votes at (0.01%) for Alexander M. Haig, 1 vote at (<0.01%) for William Horrigan J., and 1 vote at (<0.00%) for Harold Stassen.
- Official figures were released on March 8th by the State Party, but only included percentages and not actual preference numbers, unlike earlier sources. The difference in recorded votes between sources was (28,016) to (48,915). The later percentages are displayed below as recorded in Italitcs.
- Official figures as released by the State Party; rounded percentages only.
- Last found source only had (3,145) of the elected SDEs accounted for.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Includes 4,911 votes at (0.99%) for David Duke, 2,380 votes at (0.48%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 513 votes at (0.10%) for Norbert G. Dernell.
- Only 274 of 284 precincts had reported results in the source.
- Both votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Includes 681 votes at (0.21%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 537 votes at (0.17%) for Anthony R. Martin-Trigona, and 487 votes at (0.15%) for Richard Kay.
- Only 3,264 of 3,272 precincts had reported results in the source.
- Includes 23,415 votes at (3.74%) for David Duke, 3,740 votes at (0.60%) for Ahern, 1,746 votes at (0.28%) for Norbert G. Dernell, 1,686 votes at (0.27%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 881 votes at (0.14%) for Richard Kay.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Includes 2,225 votes at (0.31%) for Florenzo Di Donato, and 1,445 votes at (0.20%) for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Includes 1,766 votes at (0.33%) for David Duke, 692 votes at (0.13%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 394 votes at (0.07%) for Richard Kay, 264 votes at (0.05%) for Stephen A. Koczak, and 211 votes at (0.04%) for Norbert G. Dernell.
- Includes 2,402 votes at (0.61%) for David Duke, 1,080 votes at (0.28%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 1,064 votes at (0.27%) for Stephen A. Koczak, 1,000 votes at (0.25%) for Doty, and 475 votes at (0.12%) for Norbert G. Dernell.
- Only 6,829 of 6,933 precincts had reported results in the source.
- Includes 9,054 votes at (0.53%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 8,683 votes at (0.51%) for David Duke, 6,215 votes at (0.36%) for W.A. Williams, and 3566 votes at (0.21%) for Norbert G. Dernell.
- Only 1,982 of 1,986 precincts had reported results in the source.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Source only had ~90% of 442 precincts reporting.
- Source only had 1,636 of 1,788 precincts reporting.
- No breakdown was provided in the source.
- Only 5,037 of 5,288 elected SDEs were accounted for by the source.
- No breakdown was provided, though the source states it includes State Delegates for Paul Simon and Gary Hart.
- The latest source with a breakdown of the vote only had 31% of precincts reporting; another source, with 91% of precincts reporting, had no breakdown of individual votes. The later are displayed below in Italitcs.
- Updated figures with 91% of precincts reporting in; rounded percentages only.
- Includes 304 votes at (14.76%) for Andy Sundberg, and 171 votes at (8.30%) for Mario Cuomo.
- Write-ins; no breakdown.
- Includes 26 votes at (1.04%) for Mario Cuomo, 3 votes at (0.12%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 1 vote at (0.04%) for Lee Iacocca, and 1 vote at (0.04%) for Sam Nunn.
- Last found source only had ~73% of precincts reporting in.
- No breakdown was provided in the source.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Not all District Conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, only the 1st District held a convention.
- Only ~90% of legislative districts had reported in by the time of the source. Only votes for Dukakis, Jackson and "Uncommitted" were accounted for.
- Includes 7,546 votes at (0.50%) for Jennifer Alden Wesner, and 4,443 votes at (0.29%) for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Not all District Conventions in Minnesota were held on the same day; on this date, all Districts held a Convention other than the 8th.
- Only 96% of the precincts had reported in by the time the source was published; later sources did not provide a breakdown of the vote beyond Dukakis and Jackson.
- James Traficanct and Douglas Applegate each won a delegate.
- Includes 29,980 votes at (2.25%) for James Traficanct, 25,510 votes at (1.92%) for Douglas Applegate, and 6,209 votes at (0.47%) for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Breakdown was not provided by source.
- Not all District Conventions in Minnesota were held on the same day; on this date, the only District that held a Convention was the 8th.
- Only 1,831 of 1,870 precincts had reported in by the time the source was published.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Breakdown was not provided by source.
- Not all District Conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, the 5th and 6th Districts held covnentions.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Not all District Conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Districts held covnentions.
- Only ~99% precincts had reported in by the time the source was published.
- All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.
- Includes 2,796 votes at (0.45%) for William A. Marra, 2,726 votes at (0.44%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 2,456 votes at (0.40%) for David Duke.
- In the case of a State which held multiple contests, the higher raw vote total is used.