Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase (EC 1.1.1.219) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
| Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.1.1.219 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 98668-58-7 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| BRENDA | enzyme data | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | enzyme entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| Rhea | reactions | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The three substrates of this enzyme are aromadendrin ((+)-dihydrokaempferol), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and a proton. Its products are leucopelargonidin and oxidised NADP+.[1][2][3]
This enzyme is an oxidoreductase with the systematic name cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (DFR), dihydromyricetin reductase, NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase, and dihydroquercetin reductase. It participates in flavonoid biosynthesis.[4]
Function
Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase is part of the biosynthetic pathway to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are common plant pigments.[5]
In addition to converting aromadendrin to leucopelargonidin, it converts ampelopsin ((+)-dihydromyricetin) to leucodelphinidin.[6][3]
A cDNA for this reductase has been cloned from the orchid Bromheadia finlaysoniana.[7]
Researchers in Japan have genetically manipulated roses by using RNA interference to knock out the endogenous enzyme and add a gene for an alternative reductase found in an iris; or add a gene for the blue pigment, delphinidin, to create a blue rose, which is being sold worldwide.[8][9]
Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase is also an enzyme on the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the enzyme uses sinapaldehyde or coniferyl aldehyde or coumaraldehyde to produce sinapyl alcohol or coniferyl alcohol or coumaryl alcohol respectively.[10]
