D'Elboux was born and raised in Southampton. Her parents were Mary Jane (1846–1907) and Walter D'Elboux (1839–1896), an artist who was associated with the Ordnance Survey.[1] After a private education in Southampton, Elise D'Elboux attended Hartley College in the city before studying in London at Regent Street Polytechnic and in Paris at the Académie Julian.[2] She returned to London and studied at the Royal College of Art, RCA, from 1896 to 1899.[1] While at the RCA, D'Elboux won national awards and a college silver medal.[1] During her career, D'Elboux painted in a variety of media, produced illustrations and also held a number of teaching posts, most notably with the London County Council and also at the RCA.[1][2] Among the publications she created illustrations for were The Girl's Realm, Century, Young Folks and Young England.[1] She exhibited paintings at the Royal Academy in London, at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, with the Royal Society of British Artists and with a number of local art societies in southern England.[1][2] The Budapest Museum of Fine Arts holds examples of her work.[1]