THOC5

THO complex subunit 5 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THOC5 gene. THOCs is a member of THO complex which is a subcomplex of the transcription/export complex (TREX).

AliasesTHOC5, C22orf19, Fmip, PK1.3, fSAP79, THO complex 5

External IDsOMIM: 612733; MGI: 1351333; HomoloGene: 37836; GeneCards: THOC5; OMA:THOC5 - orthologs

Chr.Chromosome 22 (human)^[1]

End29,555,216 bp^[1]

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THOC5
Identifiers
Aliases	THOC5, C22orf19, Fmip, PK1.3, fSAP79, THO complex 5
External IDs	OMIM: 612733; MGI: 1351333; HomoloGene: 37836; GeneCards: THOC5; OMA:THOC5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q12.2 Start 29,505,879 bp[1] End 29,555,216 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 A1 Start 4,845,320 bp[2] End 4,878,867 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gastric mucosa stromal cell of endometrium Achilles tendon muscle layer of sigmoid colon popliteal artery tibial arteries body of uterus ascending aorta right coronary artery apex of heart Top expressed in superior cervical ganglion otic vesicle neural layer of retina interventricular septum seminiferous tubule spermatid tail of embryo spermatocyte ventricular zone epiblast More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding RNA binding mRNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm THO complex THO complex part of transcription export complex transcription export complex nucleus nucleoplasm nuclear chromosome Biological process positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation primitive hemopoiesis mRNA processing cell differentiation mRNA transport viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint monocyte differentiation RNA splicing RNA export from nucleus mRNA export from nucleus mRNA 3'-end processing Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8563 107829 Ensembl ENSG00000100296 ENSMUSG00000034274 UniProt Q13769 Q8BKT7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001002877 NM_001002878 NM_001002879 NM_003678 NM_172438 RefSeq (protein) NP_001002877 NP_001002878 NP_001002879 NP_003669 NP_766026 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 29.51 – 29.56 Mb Chr 11: 4.85 – 4.88 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
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THOC5 is evolutionarily conserved in higher eukaryotes, however the exact roles of THOC5 in transcription and mRNA export are still unclear. THOC5 is phosphorylated by several protein kinases at multiple residues upon extracellular stimuli. These include stimulation with growth factors/cytokines/chemokines, or DNA damage reagents. Furthermore, THOC5 is a substrate for several oncogenic tyrosine kinases, suggesting that THOC5 may be involved in cancer development.

Recent THOC5 knockout mouse data reveal that THOC5 is an essential element in the maintenance of stem cells and growth factor/cytokine-mediated differentiation/proliferation. Furthermore, depletion of THOC5 influences less than 1% of total mRNA export in the steady state, however it influences more than 90% of growth factor/cytokine induced genes. THOC5, thereby contributes to the 3′ processing and/or export of immediate-early genes induced by extracellular stimuli. These studies bring new insight into the link between the mRNA export complex and immediate-early gene response. The data from these studies also suggest that THOC5 may be a useful tool for studying stem cell biology, for modifying the differentiation processes and for cancer therapy.^{[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]}

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