Fort St. John, British Columbia

The first trading post built in the area was named Rocky Mountain Fort.^[5] It was south of Fort St. John, having been established by North West Company traders one year after Sir Alexander Mackenzie explored the area in 1793.^[6] The fort closed c. 1805, and Fort St. John's was established a year later.^[7] On March 26, 1821, the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company, changing ownership of Fort St John's.^[8] It operated until 1823, when a band of angry Northern Athapaskans killed several Hudson's Bay Company employees.^[9] According to historian Shepard Krech III, the incident represented an "impromptu reaction to inflexible trading policies of the [Hudson's Bay] Company."^[9] After a lapse of 37 years, Fort St. John was reopened in 1860.^[10] The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1958.^[11]

Frank Worth Beaton moved Fort St. John to Fish Creek in 1925, 1.6 kilometres (1 mile) northwest of the current city.^[12] During World War II, the town was used as a station for the 341st General Service Regiment, which was assigned to build the Alaska Highway to Fort Nelson.^[13] The population of Fort St. John grew to a few thousand people, then after the Alaska Highway was completed, the population fell.^[14] The first census that recognized Fort St. John as a census subdivision took place in 1951 and recorded 884 people.^[15] The population rapidly increased, because of the booming oil and gas industry,^[14] doubling almost every 5 years for 15 years so that by 1966 there were 6,749 residents living in the community.^[15] In May 1971, Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited Fort St. John. They were greeted by an estimated 4,000 people.^[16]

Fort St. John is geographically on the western edge of the Canadian prairies that cover much of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, but is not politically included in the three Canadian Prairie provinces.^[17] The city sits between the Peace River and Beatton River, with Charlie Lake nearby.

Sitting at an elevation of 690 m (2,260 ft), Fort St. John is situated within a low-lying valley near the eastern foothills of the Muskwa Ranges and Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies. Prairies lie to the east and north, while to the west the Rocky Mountains form a rain shadow. The city is built on relatively flat, rolling hills.

Fort St. John, along with neighboring cities of Chetwynd, Tumbler Ridge, and Dawson Creek, are within Peace River Country, a large geographic area of British Columbia and Alberta. The Peace River valley provides opportunities for farming, in contrast to the rugged mountains to the west.

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fort St. John had a population of 21,465 living in 8,777 of its 10,004 total private dwellings, a change of 5.9% from its 2016 population of 20,260. With a land area of 32.67 km² (12.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 657.0/km² (1,701.7/sq mi) in 2021.^[30]

As the urban centre for a rural and farming population of about 8,306 people and home to 18,609 people, Fort St. John is a retail, service and industrial centre. The province's oil and gas industry,^[38] including the provincial Oil and Gas Commission is centred in the city. Forestry has become more important to the city since the opening of an oriented strand board plant in 2005. Much wood is exported to the United States.

Fort St. John is a transportation hub and industrial centre serving BC Hydro's nearby hydro-electric facilities, the W.A.C. Bennett Dam, Peace Canyon Dam and Site C dam.

The 2001 Canadian census recorded 9,985 income-earners over the age of 15 residing in Fort St. John; of these, 4,500 worked full-time throughout the year. The high participation rate stems from the relatively young population, much of which was attracted by the area's high-paying oil and gas industry. Its male-female income gap is large.^[31]

In 1963, Fort St. John became the tenth community in British Columbia to add fluoride to its water supply.^[39] Fort St. John has a hospital, which as of 2022, had 44 in-patient beds, 4 intensive care unit beds, and 7 delivery beds.^[40] It has a CT scanner and ultrasound.^[41]

As the urban centre for approximately 20,000 people, much of the region's recreational and cultural facilities are located in town. Within the city, Centennial Park groups much of these facilities in a central location close to residences and businesses. This large park includes the Fort St. John North Peace Museum,^[42] the North Peace Leisure Pool, the North Peace Arena (home of the Fort St. John Huskies), a separate arena for children, an 8-sheet curling rink, as well as an outdoor water park and speed skating oval. Other parks in the area include the city-maintained Fish Creek Community Forest, and about 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of town the Beatton Provincial Park and Charlie Lake Provincial Park. In the centre of town is the North Peace Cultural Centre which houses the Fort St. John Public Library, a theatre, and the Peace Gallery North art gallery.

The city's main recreation centre is the Fort St. John Enerplex, now known as the Pomeroy Sport Centre, that opened in 2010. It is a three-storey public facility with two National Hockey League-sized ice rinks, a concession, 12 dressing rooms, public meeting rooms, a retail juice outlet, an indoor near-Olympic-sized long track speed skating oval, and a 340 meter long walking track (the "Northern Vac Track"). All ice surfaces can be removed to provide event space in excess of 140,000 square feet.^[43] The facility also houses the Energetic Learning Campus, a satellite campus of the nearby North Peace Secondary School.

Fort St. John hosted the BC Winter Games in 1984 and 2020, and the Northern BC Winter Games in 1975, 1976, 1994, 2000, and 2007. Previously, the Great Canadian Welding Competition is held in Fort St. John, which sees welding artists fill Centennial Park creating statues on the year's given theme. In February, the annual Winter Fest has a frozen Centennial Park filled with ice sculptures, ice slides, and other special winter-related activities occurring around town.

The City of Fort St. John has a council-manager form of municipal government. A six-member council, along with one mayor, is elected at-large every four years. In the 2022 Local Government General Election, Lilia Hansen^[44] was elected mayor, replacing the former mayor, Lori Ackerman, who had served as mayor since 2011.The mayor and one city councillor represent Fort St. John on the board of directors of the Peace River Regional District.^[45] Seven board of education trustees, for representation on School District 60 Peace River North, are also elected by residents.^[46][47]

Fort St. John is situated in the Peace River North provincial electoral district and is represented by Jordan Kealy in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Replacing Pat Pimm who replaced long-time MLA Richard Neufeld who was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in the 1991 provincial election with the BC Social Credit Party taking 56% of votes cast at the Fort St. John polls^[48] and re-elected with Reform BC in 1996 with 44% support,^[49] and with the BC Liberal Party in 2001 and 2005 with 73%^[50] and 59%^[51] of Fort St. John polls, respectively. He has served as the Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources since 2001.

Federally, Fort St. John is located in the Prince George—Peace River riding, which is represented in the House of Commons by Conservative Party Member of Parliament Bob Zimmer, a former high school teacher who lives in Fort St. John. Prior to Zimmer, the riding had been represented by long-time MP Jay Hill, who was born and raised in Fort St. John, and first elected in 1993 and subsequently re-elected in 1997, 2000, and 2004 with 74%,^[52] 77%,^[52] and 70%^[53] support from Fort St. John polls, respectively. Hill was also re-elected in the 2006 and 2008 federal elections. Hill had served as the Government House Leader and was formerly the Secretary of State and Chief Government Whip, as well as the Whip of the Canadian Alliance Party. Before Hill the riding was represented, from 1972 to 1993, by Frank Oberle of the Progressive Conservative Party who served as Minister of State for Science and Technology from 1985 to 1989 and Minister of Forestry from 1990 to 1993.^[54]

Police

Police protection is contracted to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police which operates a 26 officer municipal detachment and a 10-member rural detachment from the city.^[58] In 2005, the municipal detachment reported 4,048 Criminal Code offences, which translates into a crime rate of 228 offences per 1,000 people, much higher than the provincial average of 125 offences. During that year, compared to the provincial average, the RCMP reported much higher crime rates in Fort St. John for cocaine, cannabis, non-sexual assaults, property damage, and arson related offences. However, the city had lower crime rates for robbery, theft from motor vehicles, and business break-and-enters.^[59]

Fort St. John is the transportation hub of the region. The main highway, Highway 97 (Alaska Highway), built in 1942 by the United States Army, runs through the city, north to Fort Nelson, the Yukon, and Alaska.^[60] Within the city the streets are laid out in a grid pattern. The main streets are the north–south 100 Street and the east–west 100 Avenue. The rail line that runs by the eastern and northern borders was extended from Chetwynd by the Pacific Great Eastern Railway with the first train arriving in 1958.^[61] The only commercial airport between Dawson Creek and Fort Nelson is the Fort St. John Airport (CYXJ) located a few miles east of the city. The two runway airport has Air Canada Jazz, WestJet and other smaller airlines such as Central Mountain Air and Swanberg Air with regularly scheduled flights and North Cariboo Air providing chartered flights. Greyhound Bus lines, which had a bus stop in the city, operated a route along the highway, north to Whitehorse (via Fort Nelson) and south to Dawson Creek, until the company stopped operations in Western Canada in 2018.^[62] BC Bus North provides bus service to Dawson Creek, Prince George, and Fort Nelson.

The city's water and sewer infrastructure pumps water from 4 deep wells located near the Peace River with a backup source being Charlie Lake;^[63] it is filtered, chlorinated and fluoridated before being distributed. The water has been rated by the BC Ministry of Environment as being "Very hard."^[63] Sewage is processed in one of two lagoons. The lagoon south of the city releases the processed effluent into the Peace River and the lagoon north of the city releases into the Beatton River. Storm sewers run with the sanitary sewers but storm discharge is directed into the rivers without going through the lagoons. The city's fire department consists of volunteer and professional members, covering the city plus five miles (8 km) into the rural areas.

There are 9 public schools within the city limits, with one being a secondary school, and another 10 outside of Fort St. John that are all administered by School District 60 Peace River North. There is one private Christian school in Fort St. John, also administered by School District 60 Peace River North. Northern Lights College has a campus in Fort St. John housing the B.C. Centre of Training Excellence in Oil and Gas, which includes a full-sized oil rig and simulated well site. The 2001 Census estimated that 10% of people in Fort St. John between 20 and 64 years old graduated from a university, less than half of the 24% provincial average and 27% did not graduate from secondary school, 7% higher than the provincial average.^[31] A survey released in 2023 showed that the C. M. Finch School had the highest academic performance in Fort St. John, with an overall rating of 7.5 out of ten for the 2021/2022 school year and an overall rating of 7.4 out of ten in the past five years.^[64] The same survey showed that the Margaret Ma Murray Community School had the lowest academic performance in Fort St. John, with an overall rating of 4.2 out of ten for the 2021/2022 school year.^[65]

The Alaska Highway News is published in Fort St. John. The EnergeticCity.ca website is a digital news outlet focused on local news in and around Fort St. John; it is owned by 0914126 B.C. Ltd., which is controlled 100% by Adam Reaburn, owner of local radio station CKFU-FM.^[66]

Radio stations broadcasting from Fort St. John include 98.5 GO FM (CHRX-FM) (Adult contemporary), 101.5 FM The Goat(CKNL-FM) (Rock), 92.5 Sunrise FM (CIAM-FM) (Religious) and the aforementioned country music station 100.1 Moose FM (CKFU-FM).^{[citation needed]}

The following People and Military Units have received the Freedom of the City of Fort St. John.