George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia
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Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia was the first modern-day arrangement for that genus. First published in 1981 in the classic monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae), it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years. It was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges, but restored by George in 1999. A recent publication by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele suggests that it will soon be overturned again.
Banksia is a genus of around 80 species in the plant family Proteaceae. An iconic Australian wildflower and popular garden plant, they are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones". They grow in forms varying from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 35 metres tall, and occur in all but the most arid areas of Australia. As heavy producers of nectar, they are important sources of food for nectariferous animals such as honeyeaters and honey possum, and they are of economic importance to the nursery and cut flower industries. However they are seriously threatened by a number of processes including land clearing, frequent burning, and disease, and a number of species are rare and endangered.
Specimens of Banksia were first collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on the Endeavour during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's 1770 voyage to the Pacific Ocean. A number of arrangements were published in the 1800s, culminating in George Bentham's 1870 arrangement.[1] This arrangement would stand for over a hundred years.[2]
1981 arrangement
George's arrangement of Banksia was first published in his 1981 monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). The arrangement was as follows:[2]
- Banksia
- B. subg. Banksia
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. ser. Salicinae
- B. dentata
- B. integrifolia
- B. integrifolia var. integrifolia (now B. integrifolia subsp. integrifolia)
- B. integrifolia var. compar (now B. integrifolia subsp. compar)
- B. integrifolia var. aquilonia (now Banksia aquilonia)
- B. conferta
- B. conferta var. conferta (now B. conferta subsp. conferta)
- B. conferta var. penicillata (now B. conferta subsp. penicillata)
- B. marginata
- B. canei
- B. saxicola
- B. oblongifolia
- B. robur
- B. paludosa
- B. ser. Grandes
- B. ser. Quercinae
- B. ser. Orthostylis (now B. ser. Banksia)
- B. ser. Crocinae
- B. prionotes
- B. victoriae
- B. hookerana (now spelled B. hookeriana)
- B. burdettii
- B. ser. Cyrtostylis
- B. ser. Prostratae
- B. ser. Tetragonae
- B. ser. Coccineae
- B. ser. Salicinae
- B. sect. Oncostylis
- B. ser. Spicigerae
- B. spinulosa
- B. ericifolia
- B. brownii
- B. occidentalis
- B. littoralis
- B. littoralis var. littoralis
- B. littoralis var. seminuda (now B. seminuda)
- B. verticillata
- B. tricuspis
- B. ser. Dryandroideae
- B. ser. Abietinae
- B. ser. Spicigerae
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. subg. Isostylis
- B. subg. Banksia