Grey Lock's War

The western theatre of Dummer's War in the 1720s in northern New England was referred to as "Grey Lock's War".^[1] Grey Lock distinguished himself by conducting guerrilla raids into Vermont and western Massachusetts. He consistently eluded his pursuers, and acquired the name Wawanolet (also Wawanolewat, Wawanotewat), meaning "he who fools the others, or puts someone off the track."

Grey Lock's War was not part of the conflicts between France and England. Unlike the continuing wars between France and England that involved local natives, often to their detriment, Grey Lock's War was fought by Native Americans for their own reasons.

Grey Lock, like the majority of his people, did eventually ally himself with the French. Ancient Jesuit records from Fort Saint-Frédéric, demonstrates that this great war chief, was known to the French as la "Tête Blanche" (White Head). He converted to Catholicism and was baptized under the French name of Pierre-Jean, while his wife was known as Hélène. They had a son and a daughter, Jean-Baptiste and Marie-Charlotte. Gray Lock's descendants today carry the family name Wawanolet.^[2]

Massachusetts Governor Samuel Shute officially declared war on the Abenaki on July 25, 1722.^[3] Shute, who had ongoing political disputes with the Massachusetts assembly, abruptly sailed for England on January 1, 1723, leaving Lieutenant Governor William Dummer to manage Massachusetts involvement in the war.

On August 13, 1723, Gray Lock first entered the war by raiding Northfield, Massachusetts, and four warriors killed two citizens near Northfield. The next day they attacked Joseph Stevens and his four sons in Rutland. Stevens escaped, two boys were killed, and the other two sons were captured.^[4]

On October 9, 1723, Gray Lock struck two small forts near Northfield, inflicting casualties and carrying off one captive.^[5] In response, Governor Dummer ordered the construction of Fort Dummer where Brattleboro, Vermont is now. The fort became a major base of operations for scouting and punitive expeditions into Abenaki country.^[5] Fort Dummer was present-day Vermont's first permanent European settlement, made under the command of Lieutenant Timothy Dwight.^[6]

On June 18, 1724, Grey Lock attacked a group of men working in a meadow near Hatfield, Massachusetts. Grey Lock retired from the area and killed men at Deerfield, and Northfield over the summer. In response to the raids, Dummer ordered more soldiers for Northfield, Brookfield, Deerfield and Sunderland.^[7] Grey Lock's home village of Woronoke (now Westfield and part of Russell) has no written record of attacks and appears to have gone untouched.^[8]

On October 11, 1724, 70 Abenakis attacked Fort Dummer and killed 3 or 4 soldiers.^[9]

In September 1725, a scouting party of 6 men was sent out from Fort Dummer. Grey Lock and 14 others ambushed them just west of the Connecticut River, killing two and wounding and capturing three others. One man escaped, while two Indians were killed.^[10]

External links

Traditional Abenakis of Mazipskwik & Related Bands: P.O. Box 309, Highgate Center, VT 05459
Abenaki Nation of Mississquoi: 100 Grand Avenue, Swanton, VT 05488

References

↑ See Colin G. Calloway, 1990
↑ Gordon M. Day, "In Search of New England's Native Past – Selected Essays by Gordon M. Day" Edited by Michael K. Foster and William Cowen, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1998) pp. 144, 147
↑ Carr, James Revell (2008-10-14). Seeds of discontent: the deep roots of the American Revolution, 1650–1750. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-8027-1512-8. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
↑ The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600–1800: War, Migration, and the Survival... p. 117
1 2 The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600–1800: War, Migration, and the Survival... p. 119
↑ "Facts about the History of VERMONT **". Archived from the original on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
↑ William Williamson, p. 121? Which book?
↑ "Westfield, Mass. 250th Anniversary -- Chronology of Westfield". www.hampdencountyhistory.com. Retrieved 2015-09-22.
↑ Brattleboro History – WordPress & Atahualpa 2012
↑ William Williamson, p. 126

v t e Colonial conflicts involving the English/British Empire
17th century	Ireland (1593–1603) Virginia (1609–1646) Swally (1612) Hormuz (1622) Saint Kitts (1626) Quebec (1628) Pequot War (1634–1638) Irish Rebellion (1641) Confederate War (1641–1653) Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–1653) Acadia (1654–1667) Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) Jamaica (1655–1739) 1st Tangier (1662) 2nd Tangier (1664) King Philip's War (1675–1678) Child's War (1686–1690) Siam (1687) Williamite War (1688–1691) King William's War (1688–1697) Ghana (1694–1700)
18th century	Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) Tuscarora War (1711–1715) Yamasee War (1715–1717) Father Rale's War/Dummer's War (1722–1725) War of Jenkins' Ear (1740–1742) King George's War (1744–1748) Carnatic wars (1746–1763) Nova Scotia (1749–1755) French and Indian War (1754–1763) Seven Years' War (1756–1763) Bengal War (1756–1765) Anglo-Cherokee War (1758–1761) Jamaica (1762) Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763) Pontiac's War (1763–1766) Regulator Movement in North Carolina (1765–1771) First Carib War (1769–1773) Rohilkhand (1773–1774) Lord Dunmore's War (1774) American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) Second Anglo-Mysore War (1779–1784) Gold Coast (1781–1782) Assam (1786) Australian frontier wars (1788–1934) Nootka Sound (1789) Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789–1792) Cotiote (Wayanad) War (1793–1806) Rohilkhand (1794) Cape Colony (1795) Jamaica (1795–1796) Grenada (1795–1796) Ceylon (1795) Kandyan Wars (1796–1818) Irish Rebellion (1798) Malta (1798–1800) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) Dwyer's guerrilla campaign (1799–1803) Polygar Wars (1799–1805)
19th century	Newfoundland (1800) Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) Castle Hill convict rebellion (1804) Surinam (1804) Cape Colony (1806) Río de la Plata (1806–1807) Egypt (1807) Froberg mutiny (1807) Santo Domingo (1808–1809) Martinique (1809) Persian Gulf (1809) Guadeloupe (1810) Reunion (1810) Mauritius (1810) Seychelles (1810) Spice Islands (1810) Java (1810–1811) Xhosa Wars (1811–1879) USA (1812–1815) Palembang (1812) Yogyakarta (1812) Sambas (1812–1813) Nepal (1814–1816) Guadeloupe (1815) Cape Colony (1815) Algiers (1816) Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) Persian Gulf (1819) Guiana (1823) Anglo-Ashanti wars (1824–1901) First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) Black War (Van Diemen's Land) (1828–1832) Jamaica (1831–1832) Malacca (1831–1833) Lower Canada (1837–1838) Upper Canada (1837–1838) Aden Expedition (1839) Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841) First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) First Opium War (1839–1842) New Zealand Wars (1845–1872) First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) Río de la Plata (1845–1850) Canton (1847) British Honduras (1847–1901) Ceylon (1848) Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849) Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852) Kombo (1853–1855) Eureka Rebellion (1854) Åland War (1854–1856) Anglo-Persian War (1856–1857) Second Opium War (1856–1860) Indian Rebellion (1857–1859) Revolt of Rajab Ali (1857–1858) Kagoshima (1863) Ambela campaign (1863–1864) Shimonoseki (1864) Duar War (1864–1865) Fenian Rebellion in Canada (1866–1871) Abyssinia (1868) Manitoba (1870) Perak (1875–1876) Anglo-Zulu War (1879) Second Anglo-Afghan War (1879–1880) Basutoland (1880–1881) First Boer War (1880–1881) Mahdist War (1881–1899) Anglo-Egyptian War (1882) Saskatchewan (1885) Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885) Central Africa (1886–1889) Hazara (1888) Mashonaland (1890) Hunza–Nagar Campaign (1891) Anglo-Manipur War (1891) Pahang Uprising (1891–1895) Matabeleland (1893–1894) North Borneo (1894–1905) Chitral Expedition (1895) Jameson Raid South Africa (1896) Anglo-Zanzibar War (1896) Matabeleland (1896–1897) Benin Expedition (1897) Siege of Malakand (1897) First Mohmand campaign (1897–1898) Tirah campaign (1897–1898) Six-Day War (1899) Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901) Second Boer War (1899–1902)
20th century	Somaliland (1900–1920) West Africa (1901–1902) Tibet expedition (1903–1904) Bambatha Rebellion (1906) Maritz rebellion (1914–1915) Tochi (1914–1915) Nyasaland (1915) Nigeria (1915) Peshawar (1915) Mohmand (1916–1917) Quebec (1917) Nigeria (1918) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Waziristan campaign (1919–1920) Iraqi Revolt (1920) Malabar rebellion (1921) Kurdistan (1922–1924) Transjordan (1923) Pink's War (1925) Ikhwan revolt (1927–1930) Tirah (1930–1931) Barzani revolt (1931–1932) Second Mohmand campaign (1935) Arab revolt in Palestine (1936–1939) Waziristan campaign (1936–1939) Ethiopia (1943) Jewish revolt in Palestine (1944–1948) South Indochina (1945–1946) Indonesia (1945) Sarawak (1946–1950) Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) Kenya Emergency (1952–1960) Oman (1954–1959) Cyprus Emergency (1955–1959) Suez Crisis (1956) Oman (1962–1976) Brunei (1962) Sarawak (1962–1990) Malaysia (1962–1966) Aden (1963–1967) Falklands (1982)

French colonial conflicts

16th century

North America	South Carolina (1562) Florida (1562–65) Florida (1568)

South America	Brazil (1531) Brazil (1555–67) Brazil (1590–04)

17th century

Africa	Morocco (1629) Senegal (1659–77) Djidjelli (1664) Algiers (1682) Algiers (1683) Algiers (1688)

Americas	Beaver Wars (1609–1701) Brazil (1612–15) North America (1627–29) West Indies (1635–59) Carib Expulsion (1660) Texas (1685–89) King William's War (1689–97) Santo Domingo (1691)

Asia	Siam (1687–90)

18th century

Africa	West Africa (1758–63) Morocco (1765)

Americas	Queen Anne's War (1702–13) Chickasaw Wars (1721–52) Dummer's War (1721–25) Natchez revolt (1729) King George's War (1744–48) Nova Scotia (1749–55) French and Indian War (1754–60) North America (1778–83) Caribbean (1778–83) Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) Santo Domingo (1795–1809)

Asia	Burma–France relations (1729–56) India (1746–48) India (1749–54) India (1756–63) Vietnam (1777–1820) East Indies (1778–83) East Indies (1793–1801) Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)

19th century

Africa	Indian Ocean (1809–11) Algeria (1830–47) Algeria (1835–1903) Morocco (1844) Salé (1851) French conquest of Senegal (1854) Tunisia (1881) Madagascar (1883) Ivory Coast (1883–98) First Franco-Dahomean War (1890) Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–94) Second Madagascar expedition (1895) Menalamba rebellion (1895–1903) Voulet–Chanoine Mission (1898–1900)

Americas	West Indies (1804–10) Río de la Plata (1838–40) Mexico (1838–39) Argentina–Uruguay (1845–50) Intervention in Mexico (1861–67)

Asia & Pacific Ocean	Moluccas (1810) Java (1811) Philippines (1844–45) Tourane (1847) Franco-Tahitian War (1844–47) Tourane (1856) French conquest of Vietnam Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62) Tonkin (1873–74) Tonkin Campaign (1883–86) Sino-French War (1884–85) Tonkin (1886–96) Second Opium War (1860) Japan (1863–64) Korea (1866) Leewards War (1888–97) Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)

20th century

Africa	Wadai War (1906–11) Casablanca (1907) Morocco (1911–12) Zaian War (1914–21) Volta-Bani War (1915–16) Kaocen revolt (1916–17) Rif War (1920–26) Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928–31) Malagasy Uprising (1947–48) Tunisian independence (1952–56) Algerian War (1954–62) Cameroon War (1955–64) Suez Crisis (1956) Ifni War (1957–58) Bizerte crisis (1961)

Asia	Boxer Rebellion (1901) Holy Man's Rebellion (1901–36) Vietnam (1916) Vietnam (1917–18) Vietnam (1918–21) Syria (1919–21) Cilicia (1920–21) Syria (1925–27) Tonkin (1930) Annam (1930–31) Indochina (1940) Franco-Thai War (1940–41) Cochinchina (1940) Indochina (March 1945) South Vietnam (1945–46) North Vietnam (summer 1946) First Indochina War (1946–54)

Pacific	Ouvéa cave hostage taking (1988)

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