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Guanidine nitrate

Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Guanidine nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula CH5N3·HNO3 (linear formula NH2C(=NH)NH2·HNO3).[1] It is a colorless, water-soluble salt. It is produced on a large scale and finds use as precursor for nitroguanidine,[3] fuel in pyrotechnics and gas generators. Its correct name is guanidinium nitrate, but the colloquial term guanidine nitrate is widely used.[1][2]

Quick facts Names, Identifiers ...
Guanidine nitrate
Ball-and-stick models of the constituent ions
Ball-and-stick models of the constituent ions
Names
IUPAC name
Guanidinium nitrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.328 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 208-060-1
RTECS number
  • MF4350000
UNII
UN number 1467
  • InChI=1S/CH5N3.HNO3/c2*2-1(3)4/h(H5,2,3,4);(H,2,3,4) checkY
    Key: CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/CH5N3.HNO3/c2*2-1(3)4/h(H5,2,3,4);(H,2,3,4)
    Key: CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYAZ
  • C(=N)(N)N.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]
Properties
CH5N3·HNO3
Molar mass 122.084 g·mol−1
Appearance White solid
Density 1.44 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 213–215 °C (415–419 °F; 486–488 K)[1]
Boiling point Decomposes over 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K)[2]
50 mg/mL[1]
Hazards[1]
GHS labelling:[1]
GHS03: OxidizingGHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H272, H302, H319, H412
P210, P220, P221, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P370+P378, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[2]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
2
3
3
OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
730 mg/kg Oral, rat, female
  • 0.853 mg/l (4h, Inhalation, rat, m/f, dust/mist)
  • 690 mg/l (96h, fathead minnow)
  • 70.2 mg/l (48h, water flea)
Safety data sheet (SDS) Sigma-Aldrich SDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkYX markN ?)
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Production and properties

Although it is the salt formed by neutralizing guanidine with nitric acid, guanidine nitrate is produced industrially by the reaction of dicyandiamide (or calcium salt) and ammonium nitrate.[4]

It has been used as a monopropellant in the Jetex engine for model airplanes. It is attractive because it has a high gas output and low flame temperature. It has a relatively high monopropellant specific impulse of 177 seconds (1.7 kN·s/kg).[citation needed]

Guanidine nitrate's explosive decomposition is given by the following equation:[citation needed]

[C(NH2)3]NO3 (s) → 3 H2O (g) + 2 N2 (g) + C (s)

Uses

Guanidine nitrate is used as the gas generator in automobile airbags.[5] It is less toxic than the mixture used in older airbags of sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silica (NaN3, KNO3, and SiO2), and it is less explosive and sensitive to moisture compared to the very cheap ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).[6]

Safety

The compound is a hazardous substance, and is both a fuel and oxidizer. It is also harmful to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.[4]

References

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