Human coronavirus 229E
Species of virus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E, Alphacoronavirus chicagoense)[1] is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats.[2] It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor.[3] Along with Human coronavirus OC43 (a member of the Betacoronavirus genus), it is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold.[4][5] HCoV-229E is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Duvinacovirus.[6][7] It is also known as being the first coronavirus in humans, it was isolated at the University of Chicago.[8]
| Human coronavirus 229E | |
|---|---|
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| Transmission electron micrograph of human coronavirus 229E | |
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Nidovirales |
| Family: | Coronaviridae |
| Genus: | Alphacoronavirus |
| Subgenus: | Duvinacovirus |
| Species: | Alphacoronavirus chicagoense |
| Synonyms | |
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Transmission
Signs and symptoms
HCoV-229E is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms, ranging from the common cold to high-morbidity outcomes such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. However, such high morbidity outcomes are almost always seen in cases with co-infection with other respiratory pathogens; there is a single published and a single unpublished case to date of a 229E infection that caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in an otherwise healthy patient having no detectable co-infection with another pathogen.[10] HCoV-229E is also among the coronaviruses most frequently codetected with other respiratory viruses, particularly with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).[11][12][13]
Epidemiology
HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[14][15] However, the viruses were detected in different parts of the world at different times of the year.[16][17][18] A NCBI-study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[19]
Virology
HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[20]
History
A researcher at the University of Chicago, Dorothy Hamre, first identified 229E in 1965.[21][22]
In 2021 the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved a new system of naming viruses, by using binomial names.[23] In 2024, the species that HCoV-229E is assigned to was renamed Alphacoronavirus chicagoense.[24]
