Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hindi and Urdu on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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This page contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Key

More information Consonants, IPA ...

Consonants
IPA	Examples			English approximation
IPA	Hindi	Urdu	ISO 15919	English approximation
b	बीस	بیس	bīs	cabbie
bʱ	भालू	بھالو	bhālū	clubhouse
d^[1]	दाल	دال	dāl	width, Spanish andar
dʱ^[1]	धूप	دھوپ	dhūp	adhere (but dental)
dʒ	जान	جان	jān	budging
dʒʱ	झड़ना	جھڑنا	jhaṛnā	hedgehog
ɖ^[1]	डालना	ڈالنا	ḍālnā	American bird
ɖʱ^[1]	ढक्कन	ڈھکّن	ḍhakkan	American birdhouse
f^[2]	ख़िलाफ़	خلاف	k͟hilāf	fuss
ɡ	गोल	گول	gol	ago
ɡʱ	घर	گھر	ghar	loghouse
ʔ^[3]	ऐतबार, एतबार	اِعْتِبار	iʻtibār^[a]	The pause in "uh-oh!", butter (glottal stop)
ɣ^[2]	बाग़	باغ	bāġ	Similar to the French R
ɦ	हम	ہم	ham	ahead
ɦ	हुक्म	حکم	h̤ukm	ahead
j	याद	یاد	yād	yuck
k	कमज़ोर	کمزور	kamzor	scab
kʰ	खाल	کھال	khāl	cab
l	लब	لب	lab	leaf
m	मगर	مگر	magar	much
n	नहीं	نہیں	nahī̃	panther
ɳ^[5]	किरण	کرن	kiraṇ	American burn
ŋ	रंग	رن٘گ	raṅg	bang
p	पल	پل	pal	spot
pʰ	फल	پھل	phal	pot
q^[2]	क़रीब	قریب	qarīb	somewhat like caught
r^[6]	रस	رس	ras	Trilled ring
r^[6]	ज़र्रा	ذرّہ	zarra	Trilled ring
ɾ^[6]	ज़रा	ذرا	zarā	American atom
ɽ	लड़ना	لڑنا	laṛnā	American garter
ɽʱ	पढ़ाई	پڑھائی	paṛhāī	no English equivalent, a cross between a voiced retroflex flap and a breathy voiced retroflex plosive.
s	सब	سب	sab	sun
ʂ^[5]	नष्ट	نشٹ	naṣṭ	American worship
ʃ	काश	کاش	kāś	shoe
t^[1]	तालाब	تالاب	tālāb	similar to outthink, Spanish tomar
t^[1]	लतीफ़ा	لطیفہ	lat̤īfa	similar to outthink, Spanish tomar
tʰ^[1]	थैला	تھیلا	thailā	Indian English path, birth
t͡ʃ	चोर	چور	cor	catch
t͡ʃʰ	छोड़ना	چھوڑنا	choṛnā	beachhead
ʈ^[1]	टमाटर	ٹماٹر	ṭamāṭar	stub (but retroflex)
ʈʰ^[1]	ठंड	ٹھنڈ	ṭhanḍ	tub (but retroflex)
ʋ^[7]	वर्ज़िश	ورزش	varziś	vat
w^[7]	पकवान	پكوان	pakvān	well
x^[2]	ख़राब	خراب	k͟harāb	Scottish loch
z^[2]	काग़ज़	کاغذ	kāġaz	zoo
ʒ^[2]	अझ़दहा	اژدہا	aždahā	pleasure

Vowels
IPA	Examples			English approximation
IPA	Hindi	Urdu	ISO 15919	English approximation
aː	काम	کام	kām	father
eː	जेब	جیب	jēb	say
ɛ^[8]	रहना	رہنا	rêhnā	pen
ɛː	कैसा	کیسا	kaisā	fairy
ə	कल	کَل	kal	about
ɪ	जितना	جِتنا	jitnā	sit
iː	जीतना	جیتنا	jītnā	seat
oː	बोलो	بولو	bōlō	story
ɔ^[8]	बहुत	بَہُت	bôhôt	cot
ɔː	कौन	کَون	kaun	off, but long
ʊ	उन	اُن	un	foot
uː	ऊन	اُون	ūn	cool
◌̃	मैं	مَیں	maiṁ	nasal vowel faun ([ãː, õː], etc.)

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Example	Notes
ˈ◌	[ˈbaːɦər]	stress (placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː	[ˈʊtːəɾ pɾəˈdeːʃ]	long sound (placed after doubled consonant and long vowel)

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Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu

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