Help:IPA/Lombard

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Lombard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Lombard language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Words are listed for the two major varieties of the language: Western and Eastern Lombard. Neither is preferred at Wikipedia unless a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant. See the respective articles to learn more.

There exist several proposed orthographies, none of which is comprehensive enough to represent the whole dialectal span of the language, and a final agreement to select common written standard of Lombard has yet to be reached. Classical Milanese orthography is here used for Western Lombard and Eastern Unified Orthography for Eastern Lombard. When a word is spelled the same in both orthographies, it is given only once.

More information Consonants, IPA ...
Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
b (WL) biott, dubbi, (EL) biót, döbe bud
d (WL) lader, drizz, (EL) làder, drécc day
dz (WL) mezzaluna, ruzzà, mezz metter[1][2][3] cods
(WL) veggia, gent, giovin, resgiô, lecc grand, (EL) ègia, regiùr[1][4] juice
f (WL) boffà, oeuv, (EL) bofà, öf[1] fit
ɡ (WL) gatt, bagaj, (EL) gat, bagài good
h (EL) presidènt, sùra, dés, sich, sènt, pesàda, sigóla, pès[3][5] ham
k (WL) can, marches, foeugh, (EL) cà, marchés, föch[1] sky
l lacc, caròtola, (WL) ballon, vioeula, (EL) balù, viöla, pedriöl[6] lock
m (WL) mes'cià, (EL) mes-cià, campiù[7][8] maid
ɱ (EL) banfà, convegnì[7][8] triumph
n nòcc, (WL) danee, (EL) danér, cantù, sen[7][8] den
ŋ (EL) ànga, mànche[7][8] long
ɲ (WL) gnucca, legn, (EL) gnöca, lègn, àzegn[8] opinion
p (WL) piasè, goeubb, (EL) piasér, gòp[1] spite
r (WL) roeuda, porscell, corr, caròtola, vioeula, (EL) röda, porsèl, cór[6] trilled r
s (WL) pressident, sora, dis, zuccher, lenzoeu, cazzoeula, mezz, dersett, scova, (EL) presidènt, sùra, dés, sich, sènt, pesàda, sigóla, pès, scùa[1][2][3] same
ʃ (WL) pesciada, scigolla, pesg, scenna, scova, (EL) scéna[1][9] shame
t (WL) todesch, giald, (EL) todèsch, zalt[1] stay
ts (WL) zuccher, lenzoeu, cazzoeula, mezz, dersett, (EL) söcher, lensöl, casöla, mès, dersèt[1][2][3] pets
(WL) mas'c, vegg, ciocca, cinch, cent, tucc trii, (EL) mascc, ècc, ciòca, lesiù[1][5] chain
ʋ (WL) violin, el vent, cavej, on pò de vent, (EL) viulì, ol vènt[1][10] between wet and vet
z desmentegà, (WL) basell, s'gionf, mezzaluna, ruzzà, mezz metter, (EL) bazèl, sgiónf, mezalüna, rözà, mès méter, zét, zùen, rezùr[1][2][3][4] zone
ʒ (WL) resgiô, desmentegà[1][4] vision
Non-native consonants
ʎ (WL) botteglia, (EL) butìglia million
Semivowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
j (WL) piatt, tajà, mej, lezion, (EL) piàt, taià, mèi, cc grant, töcc tré[1] yes
w (WL) aqua, sguerc, s'ciao, (EL) àqua, sguèrs way
Vowels[11]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
Short vowels
a abità, (WL) mamma, Bressa, perchè, semper,[12] (EL) mama, Brèsa, cantù, pader, lombard, nacc, ach, italià[13] manner (Scotland)
e pelà, perchè, (WL) semper, cortellin, elencà, elettrega, vedemm, besògn,[12] (EL) envéren, méter, sèmper, elencà, elètrega, edóm, bezògn, öle, vendedùr, dét, prensépe, isé, prém, mel, dré, seré, décc, énte[14] bay, but shorter
ɛ (WL) regn, adess, invern, metter, savè, domènega, (EL) règn, adès, pelà, perchè, sèmper, elencà, elètrega, edóm, bezògn, öle, vendedùr, prensépe, setèmber[14] bed
i (WL) inscì, primm, Milan, elettrega, vedemm, besògn,[12] (EL) curtilì, saì, dümìnica, Milà, simpàtech, finìcc, cunusìcc, mìa, giardì beet, but shorter
o (EL) s-ciào, Cóm, cólda, ólter, ólta, póch, conós, óst, modéren, colùr, popolasiù, compàgn, piemontés, ciót, faró, alóra, próa, segónt[15] story, but shorter
ɔ (WL) nòmm, anmò, Còmm, oeuli, vòlta, pocch, cognoss, (EL) nòm, amò, mama, Brèsa[13][15] off
ø (WL) oeugg,[16] (EL) öcc, öle, töarà, cöcömer, pröa, töcc, piö, löster, cöntà, encö, zöga, löna, scör, cönt, öndes[15] bird (RP), but shorter
u (WL) agost, modern, pocch, cognoss, sô, color, popolazion, comun, tovarà, cocumer, (EL) sul, culùr, pupulasiù, piemuntés, cumpuzisiù, alùra, amùr, put, nasiù cool, but shorter
y (WL) tucc, pussee, luster, comunicazion, busecca, (EL) lüna, scür, cümü, büzèca foot (Scotland)
Short nasal vowels[8]
ã (WL) banfà, campion, canton sang (Scotland)
(WL) sentì, asen, venditor sang (Southern U.S.)
ĩ (WL) prinzipi, simpategh ring
ũ (WL) compagn, piemontes, composizion, convegnì no English equivalent; nasalized /u/
(WL) cun no English equivalent; nasalized /y/
Long vowels
(WL) pader, lombard, andaa, calda, alter[17] father
(WL) mel, dree bay
(WL) dii, prinzipi, finii beet
(WL) calda, alter, oeuli, vòlta[15] story
(WL) ciod, faroo, alora, amor cool
øː (WL) proeuva, incoeu, oeuli, vòlta[15] bird (RP)
(WL) giuga, luna, scur, cuu, cognossuu few (Scotland)
Long nasal vowels[8]
ãː (WL) vanga, manchi, anca, italian sang (Scotland)
ẽː (WL) settember, seren sang (Southern U.S.)
ĩː (WL) dinc, vint, minga, giardin no English equivalent; nasalized /iː/
ũː (WL) segond, pont, nazion no English equivalent; nasalized /uː/
ỹː (WL) cunt, vundes, comun no English equivalent; nasalized /yː/
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesExplanation
ˈ (WL) insemma [ĩˈsɛma], (EL) enma [ɛnˈsɛma] primary stress
ˌ (WL) tirabuscion [ˌti(ː)rabyˈʃũː], (EL) tirabosù [ˌtiraboˈsu] secondary stress
. (WL) sciador [ʃi.aˈduːr], (EL) sciadùr [ʃi.aˈdur] syllable break
ː (WL) tròpp dolz [ˌtrɔ‿ˈdːul(t)s], (EL) tròp dóls [ˌtrɔ‿ˈdːols][3] geminated consonant
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Notes

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