Help:IPA/Mongolian

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Mongolian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mongolian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The dialect used in this chart is Khalkha Mongolian. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

More information Consonants, IPA ...
Consonants
IPACyrillicTraditional Example English approximation
f ф[a] ᠹ фильм [fʲiɮʲm] five
kʰ к[a] ᠻ код [kʰɔ̙t] cot
k г[b] ᠭ гэр [ke̘r̥] skip
q гаа [qa̙ː] Multicultural London scuttle
ɣ г[c] ᠭ гэгээн [ke̘ɣé̘ɴ] Scouse grass
ʁ агаар [a̙ʁá̙r̥], тусгаар [tʰʊ̙sʁá̙r̥] French rouge
ʲ ь[d][e] ᠢ минь [mʲinʲ] Russian пять
ɮ л[f] ᠯ жолоо [t͡ɕɔ̙ɮɔ̙́] between leak and beige
ɬʰ лх[g] ᡀ Лхас [ɬʰa̙s] between leak and shirt
m м ᠮ Монгол [mɔ̙́ɴɢɔ̙̆ɮ] mother
n н ᠨ нар [na̙r̥] north
ɴ Монгол [mɔ̙́ɴɢɔ̙̆ɮ], хаан [χa̙ːɴ] song (deeper in the throat)
p б ᠪ болд [pɔ̙ɮt] spend
pʰ п[h] ᠫ паспорт [pʰá̙spʰɔ̙̆r̥t] pen
r р[i] ᠷ араа [a̙rá̙] Scottish curd
s с ᠰ соёл [sɔ̙́jɔ̙̆ɮ] seven
ɕ ш ᠰ шинэ [ɕin] sheet
щ[a]
t д ᠳ дуу [tʊ̙ː] stand
tʰ т ᠲ талх [tʰa̙ɬχ] tan
t͡s з ᠵ зан [t͡sa̙ɴ] cats
t͡sʰ ц ᠴ цуу [t͡sʰʊ̙ː] let's have
t͡ɕ ж ᠵ жил [t͡ɕiɮ] exchange
t͡ɕʰ ч ᠴ чүү [t͡ɕʰu̘ː] change
w в[j] ᠸ товч [tʰɔ̙w̜t͡ɕʰ] win; Japanese watashi
β ван [β̞a̙ɴ] Spanish lava
x х[k] ᠬ хэл [xe̘ɮ], зоригт [t͡sɞ̙rʲĭxt] Scottish loch
χ хаан [χa̙ːɴ], багш [pa̙χɕ] Scouse clock; Welsh Amlwch
ъ[h][l] мандуулъя [ma̙ntʊ̙́ɮʲ.jă̙]
Vowels
IPACyrillicTraditional Example English approximation
Monophthongs
a а ᠠ багш [pa̙χɕ] California hat
aː аа ᠠ, ᠠᠭᠠ хаан [χa̙ːɴ] East Anglian bra
ɛ а[m] ᠠ(ᠢ) амь [ɛ̙mʲ] bed
e э ᠡ эх [e̘x] New Zealand bed
eː ээ ᠡ, ᠡᠭᠡ дээр [te̘ːr̥] South Asian day
i и[n] ᠢ жин [t͡ɕiɴ] happy
iː ий,[n][o] ы[p] ᠶᠢ, ᠤ᠋ илжгийг [iɮt͡ɕɣʲík], модны [mɔ̙tní] please
ɔ о ᠣ хор [χɔ̙r̥] story
ɔː оо[q] ᠣ хороо [χɔ̙rɔ̙́] thaw
ɞ о[m] ᠣ(ᠢ) морь [mɞ̙r̥ʲ] Irish munch
ɵ ө ᠥ мөр [mo̘r̥] South African put
oː өө ᠥ, ᠥᠭᠡ өөлд [o̘ːɮt] New Zealand bird
u ү ᠦ үр [u̘r̥] fruition
uː үү ᠦ, ᠦᠭᠦ үүрэг [ú̘ːrĕ̘k] cool
ʊ у ᠤ тус [tʰʊ̙s] pull
ʊː уу ᠤᠤ, ᠠᠭᠤ уулзалт [ʊ̙́ːɮt͡să̙ɬt] Scottish go
iotated vowels
ja я ᠶᠠ явах [já̙β̞ă̙χ] between yam and yahoo
jɵ е ᠶᠡ ер [jo̘r̥] yurt
jɔ ё ᠶᠣ ёс [jɔ̙s] yonder
ju ю[r] ᠶᠦ юм [ju̘m] yule
jʊ ᠶᠤ юань [jʊ̙́.ă̙nʲ] yolk
Diphthongs
ae̯ ай[s] ᠠᠶᠢ байна [pɛ̙e̯n] Australian face
ee̯ эй[s] ᠡᠢ эмэгтэй [e̘mĕ̘xtʰé̘e̯] Scottish vain
ɔe̯ ой[s] ᠣᠢ оймс [ɞ̙e̯m̥s] choice
ue̯ үй[s] ᠦᠢ үйлдвэр [ú̘e̯ɮtβ̞ĕ̘r̥] booyah; Gruyère
ʊe̯ уй[s] ᠣᠢ дугуй [tʊ̙ʁʊ̙́e̯] weary; Uyghur
Close

Notes

  1. [a]
    Used only in loanwords.
  2. [b]
    [k] and [q] are contrastive in the Ulaanbaatar dialect, but are allophones of the single phoneme /k/ in other dialects.
  3. [c]
    [ɣ] and [ʁ] are allophones of /k/; the latter appearing in back-vowel contexts.
  4. [d]
    Always follows another consonant, and usually modifies the sound with iotation (unless used before е, in which case it is unpronounced).
  5. [e]
    Occasionally used before е to indicate that its pronunciation should not be blended with the consonant before it (as its sound is iotated).
  6. [f]
    Devoiced to [ɬ] at the end of a syllable or before a voiceless consonant.
  7. [g]
    Uncommon, and only found in loanwords of Tibetan origin, but occurs in some high-frequency words such as лхагва 'Wednesday'.
  8. [h]
    Uncommon and more often found in loanwords.
  9. [i]
    Devoiced to [r̥] at the end of a syllable or before a voiceless consonant.
  10. [j]
    [β] occurs at the beginning of words, as well as in the middle of words before vowel sounds; [w] occurs at the end of a word after a vowel or in the middle of a word before a consonant.
  11. [k]
    [x] is the front-vowel allophone of /x/, and [χ] is the back-vowel allophone of /x/.
  12. [l]
    Used before я and ё to indicate that its pronunciation should not be blended with the consonant before it (as its sound is iotated).
  13. [m]
    /a/ and /ɔ/ are fronted to [ɛ] and [ɞ] before a palatalized consonant.
  14. [n]
    Also palatalizes any consonant immediately before it.
  15. [o]
    Resembles a diphthong, but is phonetically and phonemically a long monophthong; ии is not used.
  16. [p]
    The only long vowel represented by a single letter. Although pronounced with the same vowel sound as ий, it does not palatalize the preceding consonant. Other than loanwords, it is only found in inflectional suffixes.
  17. [q]
    Mainly used as the rounded back vowel harmonic form of аа in suffixes.
  18. [r]
    Generally, /ju/ in words containing э, ө, ү, е; /jʊ/ in words containing а, о, у, я, ё. (See Mongolian vowel harmony.)
  19. [s]
    The diphthongs /aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, ʊɪ, uɪ/ are phonetically [ɛe̯, ee̯, ɞe̯, ɵe̯, ʉe̯] in Khalkha Mongolian.[1]

References

See also

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