Help:IPA/Vietnamese

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Vietnamese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

There are two major standards: one of Hanoi (table below: "H") and one of Ho Chi Minh City (table below: "S" (for Saigon)). Each makes distinctions that the other does not; neither standard is preferred over the other at Wikipedia. The central dialects (table below: "C"), which make the distinctions of both, are generally represented in articles here, except if a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant.

See Vietnamese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.

More information Initial consonants, H ...
Initial consonants
HCSExamplesEnglish approximation
ʔ anh [ʔɐjn] (unwritten, occurs before initial vowels) uh-oh; informal British button
ɓ ba bee with a gulp
ɗ đi day with a gulp
f ph fight, photo
ɣ ga; ghế Spanish: amigo
h hàng high
k cô, kem[1] scan, kid
w quanh quick (Northern dialect)
wow (Southern dialect)
x khô loch (Northern dialect)
cat (Southern dialect)
l là low
m mai my
n nam no
ɲ nhà canyon

Spanish: señorita, Portuguese: nhoque

ŋ ngâm; nghe singer
p pin[2] sport
s s xa so
ʂ sáu show, but with tongue curled
t tây stop
thầy top, get him
t͡ɕ ~ c t͡ɕ ~ c chè change
ʈ ~ ʈ͡ʂ tra trend, but with tongue curled
v v~j v[3] victory
z/ ʑ/ ʝ j j già, giết yes
z da, danh zero
r ra, rồi similar to red; variably pronounced as a fricative, flap or trill
Medial glide
ʷ oanh; quốc; Nguyễn, tuy[4] quick
Final consonants
j i, tay[5][6], tui[7] boy
m thêm pom
n ŋ ban pin
ŋ trứng long
n n n,n (after i, ê)[8] hen
ŋ̟ nh[8][5] onion (various pronunciations)
n ŋm bốn[9], bún (after u, ô) pen
ŋm chúng (after u, ô, o)[10] like long, but with an 'm' after the 'ng'
tiếp clasp, but the p almost-pronounced (lip closed)
t k xuất pit
k ác pick
t t chít (after i, ê)[8] hit
ch[8][5] technical (various pronunciations)
t kp một (after u, ô) cut
kp học (after u, ô, o)[10] backpack
w tao, triệu[10],đau how
Monophthongs
IPA ExamplesEnglish approximation
a ăn, may; cau RP cut
ba, mai, cao father (Australian English)
e v, cây day, said (monophthongal)
ɛː xe fairy
ɤ̆ or ʌ ân balance
ɤ bơ RP hurt
i khi; tuy[4] seat
ɯ tư similar to glasses; Russian ты
o cô, sâu story
ɔː có, xoong[11] off
u ru, tui[7] rule
Diphthongs
vn, bia beer
ɯə xương, chưa
uống, mua influence
Tones
IPA Vietnamese name Description Diacritical mark Examples Hanoi Hue Saigon
ā ə̄ thanh ngang mid level no mark a [˧] [˧˥] [˧]
à ə̀ thanh huyền low falling (breathy) grave accent à [˨˩] [˧] [˨˩]
ǎ ə̌ thanh sắc mid rising, tense acute accent á, ấc[12] [˧˥] [˩˧̰] [˧˥]
â ə̂ thanh hỏi mid falling(-rising), emphasis hook above [13] [˧˩] [˧˩˨] [˧˩˧]
ǎˀ ə̌ˀ thanh ngã mid rising, glottalized tilde ã [˧ˀ˥] [˧˩˨] [˧˩˧]
âˀ ə̂ˀ thanh nặng mid falling, glottalized, heavy dot below ạ, ậc[12] [˧ˀ˩] [˨̰] [˨˧]
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