Help:IPA/Wu Chinese

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Wu Chinese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.

More information Initial consonants, IPA ...
Initial consonants
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
b b [du˨ bi˥ za˨˩] 肚皮射
ɕ sh [bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ ŋu˨˧] 白相我
d d [ɲiɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧] 日頭
dʑ j [tsaʔ˦ dʑi˨˧] 着棋
f f [zɹ̩˨ le˥ fu˨˩] 自來火
g g [ɡa˨ se˥ βu˨˩] 茄山河
h h [kʰwən˧ loʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩] 睏落寣
ɦ gh [fɑ̃˦ ɦjɔ˨ tsɹ̩˦] 放鷂子
k k [doʔ˩ ka˨ tsʰən˨˧] 獨家村
kʰ kh [ɦja˨ kʰwa˥ dɤ˨˩] 夜快頭
l l [lɔ˨ zoŋ˦] 老蟲
m m [tɕjaʔ˧ mø˥ dɤ˨˩] 腳饅頭
n n [tsʰoʔ˥ na˨˩] 戳㑚
ŋ ng [jɪʔ˧ ŋe˥ ŋe˨˩] 一眼眼
ɲ[ii] gn [kʰe˦ koʔ˧ ɲy˦ ] 開國語
p p [liɪʔ˩ piɪʔ˨ koʔ˨˧] 立壁角
pʰ ph [tsɔ˧ pʰi˥ ke˨˩] 灶披間
s s [sən˧ kɔ˥ ɲioʔ˨˩] 笋烤肉
t t [tã˧ kʰe˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 打開司
tɕ c [tsʰo˦ mo˨ tɕjã˦] 搓麻將
tɕʰ ch [loʔ˩ tɕʰi˨ le˨˧] 䟿起來
tʰ th [ze˨ tʰu˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 饞唾水
ts ts [tʰe˧ tsɔ˥ sɹ̩˨˩] 退招勢
tsʰ tsh [tsʰaʔ˧ u˦] 拆汙
v v [ve˨ te˦] 飯單
z z [zã˨ sən˥ ku˨˩] 長生果
ʑ zh [ʑjɲ˨ ɕjã˥ mo˨˩] 尋相罵
Final consonants
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
Cons. Rhyme
-n[iii] ən en [sa˧ zən˥ kwɑ̃˨˩] 啥辰光
in in [te˥ ge˧ ɲin˨˩] 單隑人
wən[iv] uen [kwən˧ di˥ loŋ˨˩] 滾地龍
ɥn[v] yn [tɕʰi˥ ɦɥn˨˩] 牽勻
-ŋ joŋ[vi] iong [ɦjoŋ˨ dɤ˦] (嘸)用頭
oŋ ong [su˥ kʰoŋ˧ dɤ˨˩] 蘇空頭
-ʔ aʔ aq [saʔ˧ laʔ˦] 殺辣
əʔ eq [lɔ˨ kʰəʔ˥ laʔ˨˩] 老克拉
oʔ oq [loʔ˩ zã˨ sɹ̩˨˧ ] 落場勢
jaʔ[vi] iaq [hwaʔ˧ tɕjaʔ˦] 豁腳
jɪʔ[vii] iq [ɦã˨ tʰjɪʔ˥ dɤ˨˩] 杭鐵頭
joʔ[vi] ioq [da˨ ɦjoʔ˦] 汏浴
waʔ[iv] uaq [hwaʔ˧ pi˦] 豁邊
wəʔ[iv] ueq [ɦwəʔ˩ sən˨˧] 猢猻
ɥɪʔ[v] iuq [faʔ˧ ɕɥɪʔ˦ ] 發噱
Vowels
IPA Wugniu Examples[i]
a a [kʰa˥ mi˧ de˨˩] 揩面台
ã an [fã˦ ve˨ ɦoʔ˦] 放飯學
ɑ̃ aon [tɑ̃˦ bɑ̃˨˧] 打朋
e e [khuəʔ˧ pe˥ ŋa˨˩] 闊板牙
i i [ɕjaʔ˦ sɹ̩˧ pʰi˦] 削水片
ja[vi] ia [bø˨ ɦja˥ mɔ˨˩] 𨒃野貓
jã[vi] ian [ɕjã˦ bjɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧] 香鼻頭
jɔ[vi] iau [tɕjɔ˥ kwe˨˩] 交關(熱)
jɤ[vi] ieu [kʰa˥ ɦjɤ˨˩] 揩油
o o [tjɔ˦ tsʰo˥ tsɹ̩˨˩] 吊車子
ø oe [bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ kø˨˧] 白相干
ɔ au [gaʔ˩ nɔ˨ mã˨˧] 軋鬧猛
ɤ eu [tɕʰi˥ kən˧ tɤ˨˩] 躥跟斗
ɹ̩[ii] y [koʔ˧ tsɹ̩˦] 角子
u u [du˨ dɤ˥ moŋ˨˩] 大頭夢
wa[iv] ua [tsaʔ˧ kwa˦] (老)着乖
wã[viii] uan [ɦwã˨ sɹ̩˥ ɦwã˨˩] 橫豎横
wɑ̃[iv] uaon [ɕjɔ˦ di˨ kwɑ̃˦] 捎地光
we[iv] ue [kwe˦ ɦja˨ ɦo˦] 關夜學
wø[iv] uoe [kʰwø˥ sɹ̩˨˩] (辰光老)寛舒
y iu [ba˨ tɕy˦] 牌鬼
ɥø[v] ioe [ɲɥø˨ zoʔ˦] 軟熟
Tones
IPA Numeric
contours
[ix]		 Tonal
categories
(sequence)		 Examples[i]
Stand-alone tones
˥˨ ◌52 陰平 (◌1) [kʰe˦ hwən˥˨] 開葷
˧˦ ◌34 陰去 (◌5) [vəʔ˧ taʔ˧ ka˧˦] 勿搭界
˨˧ ◌23 陽去 (◌6) [məʔ˩ zɹ̩˨ dɤ˨˧] 物事頭
ʔ˥ ◌ʔ55 陰入 (◌7) [vəʔ˧ səʔ˥ i˨˩] 勿適意
ʔ˩˨ ◌ʔ12 陽入 (◌8) [dɤ˨ tsɹ̩˧ ɦuəʔ˩˨] 頭子活
Supplementary tonal changes
˥ ◌55 陰平 (◌1) [ɦwã˧ toŋ˥ dɔ˨˩] 橫東道
ʔ˩ ◌ʔ11 陽入 (◌8) [ɦəʔ˩ pʰoʔ˨ kʰwən˨˧] 合撲睏
˨˩ ◌21 / [kʰwən˧ səʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩] 睏失寣
˦ ◌44 / [dʑi˧ ba˨ dɤ˦] 掮牌頭
˧ ◌33 / [zu˧ dən˨ tsoŋ˦] 坐臀中
˨ ◌22 / [fɑ̃˧ tsaʔ˧ mɔ˨ dɤ˦] 放隻碼頭
ʔ˦ ◌ʔ44 / [gue˨ saʔ˦] 摜殺
ʔ˨ ◌ʔ33 / [ɲjã˨ gəʔ˧ toŋ˥ tsʰe˨] 娘個東采
ʔ˨ ◌ʔ22 / [tɑ̃˥ zaʔ˧ vəʔ˧ zaʔ˨] 當着勿着
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Notes

  1. [i]
    Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).[1]
  2. [ii]
    In sinological phonetic notation, [ɲ , ɹ̩] are represented as ⟨ȵ , ɿ⟩.
  3. [iii]
    The final consonant [-n] is pronounced as [-ɲ] by some speakers.
  4. [iv]
    The non-syllabic gliding [w] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [u], as in [ua, uã, uaʔ, uɑ̃, ue, uən, uəʔ, uø].
  5. [v]
    The non-syllabic gliding [ɥ] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [y], as in [yɪʔ, yn, yø].
  6. [vi]
    The non-syllabic gliding [j] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [i], as in [ia, iã, iaʔ, iɪʔ, ioŋ, ioʔ, iɔ, iɤ].
  7. [vii]
    [jɪʔ] is often shortened to be [ɪʔ]. Also refer to [v].
  8. [viii]
    [wã] is often merged to [wɑ̃] in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to [iv].
  9. [ix]
    The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).[2] An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).[3]

References

See also

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