History of Baghdad (1831–1917)
History of Baghdad from 1831 until 1917
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1831 to 1917 began with the fall of the Mamluk state of Iraq in 1831 after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city.[1] It ended with the Fall of Baghdad on 11 March 1917 after the British Empire occupied the city during the First World War. Ali Rıza Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Khalil Pasha was the last.[2]
Timeline
- 1832 – The uprising of Abdul Ghani Al-Jameel against Ottoman Governor Ali Reza Pasha failed.[3]
- 1845 – A plague was spreading in Baghdad .[4]
- 1853 – Baháʼu'lláh and his family arrived in Baghdad coming from Iran on 8 April, where he stayed for 10 years.[5]
- 1854 – The Islamic scholar Mahmud al-Alusi dies.[6]
- 1864 – An earthquake happened in Baghdad on 7 December.[4]
- 1869 – Midhat Pasha is now in power .[7]
- 1870
- Municipal council established.[7]
- City walls demolished.
- 1871 – Population: 65,000.[8]
- 1879 – Many Kurds come to Baghdad after a major famine had spread in the Kurdistan region, and this year people from Baghdad knew it would be Bersima year for the city.[a]
- 1895
- 1897 – The Governor of Baghdad Atteallah Pasha Kawakeby opened the Al-Khar Bridge (Al-Hamidiyah)[10]
- 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).[11]
- 1909 – Cinema built.[12]
- 1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
- 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).[13]
- 1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.[7]
- 1915
- Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.
- Al Rasheed Street laid out.
- Cholera epidemic.[7]
- 1917
- March: Fall of Baghdad (1917); British in power.[14][15]
- Cinema opens.[7]
Ottoman walis (1831–1917)
| Person[16] | Time as governor |
|---|---|
| Ali Reza Pasha | 1831–1842 |
| Najeb Pasha | 1842–1849 |
| Abdul-Karim Pasha | 1849–1850 |
| Mohamed Wajeh Pasha | 1850–1851 |
| Mehmed Namık Pasha[17] | 1851–1852 |
| Rashid Pasha | 1852–1857 |
| Omar Pasha | 1858–1859 |
| Mustafa Nuri Pasha | 1859–1861 |
| Ahmed Tawfiq Pasha | 1861 |
| Mehmed Namık Pasha | 1862–1867 |
| Taqialden Pasha | 1867–1869 |
| Midhat Pasha[18] | 1869–1872 |
| Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha | 1872–1873 |
| Radif Pasha | 1873–1875 |
| Abdel Rahman Pasha | 1875–1877 |
| Akif Pasha | 1877–1878 |
| Qadri Pasha | 1878 |
| AbdelRahman Pasha | 1879–1880 |
| Taqialden Pasha | 1880–1887 |
| Mustafa Asim Pasha | 1887–1889 |
| Sırrı Pasha | 1890–1891 |
| Hassan Pasha | 1891–1896 |
| Atteallah Pasha Kawakeby | 1896–1899 |
| Namık Pasha | 1899–1902 |
| Ahmed Fayzi Pasha | 1902–1904 |
| Abdulwahab Pasha | 1904–1905 |
| Abdulmajeed Pasha | 1905–1906 |
| Abu Bakir Hazem Pasha | 1907–1908 |
| Nadim I Pasha | 1908 |
| Najemaldeen Beg | 1908–1909 |
| Mohamed Fadil Pasha | 1909 |
| Shawket Pasha | 1909–1910 |
| Hussain Nadim Pasha | 1910–1911 |
| Youssef Agah Pasha | 1911 |
| Djemal Pasha | 1911–1912 |
| Ali Redha Pasha | 1912 |
| Mohamed Zaki Pasha | 1912–1913 |
| Mohamed Fadil Pasha | 1913–1914 |
| Süleyman Nazif Pasha | 1914–1915 |
| Nurialdeen Pasha | 1915 |
| Khalil Pasha | 1916–1917 |