Law enforcement in China

The judiciary of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is organized under the principle of unified state power of the National People's Congress (NPC) and is represented by its two primary judicial organs, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. These organs are constitutionally inferior and accountable to the NPC as the supreme state organ of power, and implement its political will.

The Ministry of Public Security (MPS; Chinese: 公安部; pinyin: Gōng'ānbù)^[a] is the primary law enforcement agency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). A constituent department of the State Council, the ministry oversees more than 1.9 million of the country's law enforcement officers and as such the vast majority of the People's Police. While the MPS is a nationwide police force, conducting counterintelligence and maintaining the political security of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are also core functions.

The People's Armed Police Force^[2], abbreviated PAP,^[b] is a Chinese gendarmerie organization^[3]: 121 primarily responsible for internal security, riot control, counter-terrorism, disaster response, law enforcement and maritime rights protection^[4] as well as providing support to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime.^[5]: 87

Chengguan (城管; 'Urban management', short for 城市管理执法; ''Urban Management and Law Enforcement'') is an administrative practice of city-level local governments in the People's Republic of China to oversee and manage city appearance and public environments according to the region's bylaws. Chengguan are non-sworn civil agencies and are not entitled police powers.^[6][7][8]