List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Indo-Scythians or Indo-Sakas were the branch of Saka empire in South Asia. Indo-Scythians were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They started expansion in South Asia from 200 to 100 BCE and established rule between 100 and 80 BCE, their rule in Indian subcontinent was lasted until 415s CE.[1]
The first Saka king of India was Maues/Moga (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in Gandhara. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western subcontinent, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms.[2] The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka. Yet the Saka continued to govern as satrapies, forming the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni.[3][4] Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern subcontinent ceased when the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha IIII was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE. Later Western Saka rulers (c. 396 to 415 CE) were conquered by Imperial Gupta Empire and it brings to end of Saka rule in Indian subcontinent.[5][6]
List of dynasties and rulers
Satraps dynasty of Gandhara (c. 85 BCE – 50 CE)
This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and Eastern Afghanistan which constituted the Gandhara region.
- List of rulers–
- Maues, (c. 85–60 BCE)
- Vonones, (c. 75–65 BCE)
- Spalahores, (c. 75–65 BCE), brother of King Vonones and probably the later King Spalirises
- Spalagadames, (c. 60–57 BCE), son of Spalahores
- Spalirises (c. 57–47 BCE), brother of King Vonones
- Azes I (c. 47–25 BCE), descended from Maues
- Azilises, (c. 25–20 BCE)
- Azes II, (c. 35-12 BCE)
- Zeionises, (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
- Kharahostes, (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
- Hajatria (c. until 40/50 CE)
Northern Satraps dynasty (c. 60 BCE – 130 CE)
.jpg)
- List of rulers–
| Ruler | Image | Title | Approx. dates | Mentions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hagamasha |  | Satrap | 1st century BCE | In the archaeological excavations of Sonkh, near Mathura, the earliest coins of the Kshatrapa levels were those of Hagamasha.[7] |
| Hagana |  | Satrap | 1st century BCE | |
| Rajuvula |  | Great Satrap | early 1st century BCE | |
| Bhadayasa |  | Satrap | 1st century CE | Possible successor of Rajuvula in Eastern Punjab |
| Sodasa | | Satrap | 1st century CE | Son of Rajuvula in Mathura |
| Kharapallana |  | Great Satrap | c. CE 130 | Great Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I |
| Vanaspara | | Satrap | c. CE 130 | Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I |
Apracha dynasty (c. 15 BCE – 50 CE)
- Family tree–
| Apracharajas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- List of rulers–
| Ruler | Image | Filiation | Approx. dates | Mentions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vijayamitra |  | 12 /15 BCE - 15 CE | Queen: Rukhana | |
| Indravasu | Son of Vijayamitra | c. 20 CE | Queen: Vasumitra | |
| Vispavarma or Visnuvarma |  | Son of Indravasu | Queen: Śiśirena | |
| Iṃdravarmo |  | Son of Vispavarma | Queen: Utara | |
| Aspo or Aspavarmo |  | Son of Indravarma | 15 - 45 CE | |
| Sasan | Contemporary of Kujula Kadphises and Mujatria.[8] |
Western Satraps dynasty (c. 50 BCE – 415 CE)
- Family tree–
Kshaharata dynasty (c. 1st century BCE to 1st century CE)
This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and beyond.
- List of rulers–
- Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
- Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka
- Yapirajaya
- Hospises
- Higaraka
- Abhiraka (Aubhirakes)
Kardamaka (Bhadramukhas) dynasty
- List of rulers–
(main founder of the Western Satraps)
- Viceroy Ushavadata
- Chastana (78–130)
, son of Ysāmotika - Jayadaman,
son of Chastana - Rudradaman I (130–150)
, son of Jayadaman - Damajadasri I (170–175)
- Jivadaman (178-181, d. 199)
- Rudrasimha I (180–188, d. 197)
- Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
- Satyadaman (197-198)
- Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
- Rudrasena I (200–222)
- Prthivisena (222)
- Samghadaman (222–223)
- Damasena (223–232)
- Damajadasri II (232–239)
with - Viradaman (234–238)
- Isvaradatta (236–239)
- Yasodaman I (239)
- Vijayasena (239–250)
- Damajadasri III (251–255)
- Rudrasena II (255–277)
- Visvasimha (277–282)
- Bhartrdaman (282–295)
- Visvasena (293–304)
.jpg){kind=small}
Rudrasimha II dynasty (c. 304 – 415 CE)
- List of rulers–
- Rudrasimha II (304–348)
, son of Lord (Svami) Jivadaman, with
- Yasodaman II (317–332)
- Rudradaman II (332–348) No coins known
- Yasodaman II (317–332)
- (Sridharavarman (339-368)
No coins known - Rudrasena III (348–380)
- Simhasena (380–384/5)
- Rudrasena IV (382–388)
- Rudrasimha III (388–415)
.jpg){kind=small}
Minor local rulers
- Bhadayasa
- Mamvadi
- Arsakes