Kennedy Center

Fundraising

The National Cultural Center Board of Trustees, a group President Eisenhower established on January 29, 1959, led fundraising.^[12] Fundraising efforts were not successful, with only $13,425 raised in the first three years.^[16] President John F. Kennedy was interested in bringing culture to the nation's capital, and provided leadership and support for the project.^[17] In 1961, Kennedy asked Roger L. Stevens to help develop the National Cultural Center, and serve as chairman of the board of trustees. Stevens recruited First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy as the center's honorary chairman, and former First Lady Mamie Eisenhower as co-chairman.^[18] In January 1961, Jarold A. Kieffer became the first executive director of the National Cultural Center, overseeing numerous fundraising efforts and assisting with the architectural plan.^[19] At the time of the assassination of President Kennedy, the National Cultural Center had only raised $13 million. Its board then re-envisioned the project as a "living memorial” to him, and Congress renamed it the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 1964.^[20][21]

The total cost of construction was $70 million.^[20] Congress allocated $43 million for construction costs, including $23 million as an outright grant and the other $20 million in bonds.^[17] Donations also comprised a significant portion of funding, including $5 million from the Ford Foundation, and approximately $500,000 from the Kennedy family.^[22][23] Other major donors included J. Willard Marriott, Marjorie Merriweather Post, John D. Rockefeller III, and Robert W. Woodruff, as well as many corporate donors.^[23] Foreign countries provided gifts to the Kennedy Center, including a gift of 3,700 tons of Carrara marble from Italy (worth $1.5 million) from the Italian government, which was used in the building's construction.^[24]

Construction

President Lyndon B. Johnson dug the ceremonial first shovel of earth at the groundbreaking for the Kennedy Center on December 2, 1964.^[25] However, debate continued for another year over the Foggy Bottom site, with some advocating for another location on Pennsylvania Avenue.^[22] Excavation of the site got underway on December 11, 1965, and the site was cleared by January 1967.^[26]

The first performance was September 5, 1971, with 2,200 members of the general public in attendance to see a premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass in the Opera House,^[20] while the center's official opening took place September 8, 1971, with a formal gala and premiere performance of the Bernstein Mass.^[27][28] The Concert Hall was inaugurated September 9, 1971, with a performance by the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antal Doráti.^[28] Alberto Ginastera's opera, Beatrix Cenci premiered at the Kennedy Center Opera House September 10, 1971. The Eisenhower Theater was inaugurated October 18, 1971, with a performance of A Doll's House starring Claire Bloom.^[29]

Renovations and expansion

On June 16, 1971, Congress authorized appropriations for one year to the board of trustees for operating and maintenance expenses. In the following years, the appropriations were provided to the National Park Service for operations, maintenance, security, safety, and other functions not directly related to the performing arts activities.^[30] The National Park Service and the Kennedy Center signed a cooperative agreement requiring each party to pay a portion of the operating and maintenance costs based on what proportion of time the building was to be used for performing arts functions. The agreement did not specify who was responsible for long-term capital improvement projects at the Kennedy Center, and it provided only periodic funding from Congress for one-time projects.^[31]

1990–2008

In fiscal years 1991 and 1992, Congress recommended that $27.7 million be allocated for capital improvement projects at the center, including $12 million for structural repairs to the garage and $15.7 million for structural and mechanical repairs, as well as projects for improving handicapped access.^[32] In 1994, Congress gave full responsibility to the Kennedy Center for capital improvement projects and facility management.^[33] From 1995 to 2005, over $200 million of federal funds were allocated to the Kennedy Center for long-term capital projects, repairs, and to bring the center into compliance with modern fire safety and accessibility codes.^[33] Improvements included renovation of the Concert Hall, Opera House, plaza-level public spaces, and a new fire alarm system.^[34] The renovations projects were completed 13 to 50 percent over budget, due to modifications of plans during the renovations resulting in overtime and other penalties.^[35] Renovations to the Eisenhower Theater were completed in 2008.^[36]

2013–2024

Beginning in 2013, the center commenced an 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m²) expansion project on four acres (1.6 ha) in the center's South Plaza. The expansion added classroom, rehearsal, and performance space and includes three pavilions (the Welcome Pavilion, the Skylight Pavilion, and the River Pavilion), a reflecting pool, a tree grove, a sloping lawn to be used for outdoor performances, and a pedestrian bridge over Rock Creek Parkway.^[37][38] The architect is Steven Holl,^[38] with assistance from architectural firm BNIM.^[39] Edmund Hollander Landscape Architects is the landscape architect.^[40]

Plans for the expansion project began after David M. Rubenstein donated $50 million to the center.^[39] A groundbreaking ceremony took place in December 2014. Originally estimated at $100 million, the project cost grew to $175 million, and design changes and a major D.C. sewer project significantly delayed construction. The expansion, entitled the REACH, opened on September 7, 2019, with an opening arts festival.^[38][41][42] The fundraising goal for the REACH expansion grew to $250 million^[43] as the project progressed, and the target was achieved just two days before opening. Since its opening, the REACH has received several design awards, such as The Architect's Newspaper's Best of the Year Award in the Cultural category and an Honor Award in the 2020 AIA New York Design Awards.^[44][45]

Second Trump presidency

On February 10, 2025, Trump appointed Richard Grenell as interim executive director^[46][47], criticized the center's drag and LGBTQ programming, and vowed to set the performance slate.^[48][49] He dismissed the appointed board members and appointed his own,^[a] who elected him as chair on February 12.^[51][52][53] The center soon canceled the national tour of the new children's musical Finn (which contains coming-of-age themes); a Kennedy Center spokesperson called it "a purely financial decision".^[54] Actors' unions, artists, and members of the public described the move as an attack on free speech and accessibility to the performing arts.^[55] Artists began to cancel performances and otherwise disassociate themselves from the Kennedy Center. Among them are Rhiannon Giddens,^[56] Issa Rae, Renée Fleming, Shonda Rhimes, and Ben Folds.^[57]. Producers cancelled entire planned performance runs, including of the musical Hamilton and play Eureka Day.^[58]

In April, guitarist and composer Yasmin Williams emailed Grenell to express her concern about DEI rollbacks and other changes made by Trump. She wrote, "These events have caused a major negative reaction in my musical community to playing at the Kennedy Center, with lots of individuals I know ultimately canceling their shows there". Grenell replied, "Every single person who cancelled a show did so because they couldn't be in the presence of Republicans," and "I cut the DEI bullshit because we can't afford to pay people for fringe and niche programming that the public won't support".^[59] When Williams performed at the center in September, her performance was disrupted by a group of Log Cabin Republicans whose seats had been reserved by Grenell's office.^[60][61]

In May, the Kennedy Center board revised its bylaws to allow only trustees appointed by Trump to vote, thus excluding the board's 23 ex officio members from voting or constituting a quorum. Center spokesperson Roma Daravi later said the revision to the bylaws reflected "longstanding precedent" and had passed unanimously with no objections.^[62][63] That same month, Washington Performing Arts announced that it was moving its 2025–26 season events to other venues.^[64] Cast members withdrew from a June performance of Les Misérables at the center that Trump planned to attend; Grenell called them "vapid and intolerant artists".^[65] In June, Trump and his wife Melania attended the opening night of the Center's performance of Les Misérables and a fundraiser which was later held in the building to support the center.^[66][67]

In July, Republicans on the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies amended the 2026 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies spending bill to include a clause that would rename the Kennedy Center Opera House to "Melania Trump Opera House". The amendment requires approval by the entire U.S. House of Representatives.^[68][69] In October, the Washington Post reported that ticket sales at the center had fallen drastically since Trump's takeover, reaching the lowest levels since the COVID-19 pandemic.^[70]

In November, a letter from Senator Sheldon Whitehouse said the Kennedy Center had become "a swamp for cronyism and self-dealing" under Grenell, citing contracts awarded to associates, rental-fee discounts for political allies, and luxury spending allegedly unrelated to fundraising. Grenell called the claims "partisan attacks and false accusations," while asserting that he achieved a balanced budget, cut development staff from 94 to 16, and implemented a new policy requiring events to be revenue-neutral.^[71][72] Whitehouse continued an investigation of the Kennedy Center, launched in November by the Senate environment and public works committee (EPW).^[73] Trump hosted the 2025 Kennedy Center Honors ceremony on December 7, 2025, the first time a U.S. president has hosted the event, although many have attended.^[74] The New York Times described it as Trump "putting his cultural takeover of Washington in sharp relief".^[75]

Board renaming vote and more cancellations

On December 18, 2025, the Kennedy Center board—minus the ex officio members whose votes had been nullified in May—voted to rename the center as The Donald J. Trump and The John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts, or the Trump-Kennedy Center.^[76] Federal statute holds that the center is named the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts;^[77][78] the board cited no legal authority to rename the center.^[79]

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said the vote was unanimous. But ex officio member U.S. representative Joyce Beatty said she "was muted on the call and not allowed to speak or voice [her] opposition to this move".^[80][81] House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries and Representative Rick Larsen indicated that they were not present at the meeting;^[82] Jeffries further stated, "The Kennedy Center Board has no authority to actually rename the Kennedy Center in the absence of legislative action, and we're going to make that clear."^[82] The center's website published a new logo on December 18,^[83] and workers added Trump's name to the building's façade the following day, despite federal law which explicitly prohibits the board from installing another person’s name on the building’s exterior.^[84]

Former congressman Joe Kennedy III, grandnephew of John F. Kennedy, expressed opposition to the name change, stating that the center was "named for President Kennedy by federal law. It can no sooner be renamed than can someone rename the Lincoln Memorial, no matter what anyone says."^[80]

The name change triggered a new wave of cancellations by artists and companies.^[85] In December, the American College Theatre Festival suspended its 58-year partnership with the center.^[86] Kristy Lee canceled her January 14 appearance.^[87] Musician Chuck Redd, who had been hosting the annual Christmas Eve jazz concert, canceled the event, which had run for two decades at the center.^[88][89] Richard Grenell subsequently sent Redd a letter criticizing his decision as a "political stunt" and saying he would seek $1 million in damages.^[90] On December 29, after several more artists cancelled their events, Grenell stated, "Their actions prove that the previous team was more concerned about booking far left political activists rather than artists willing to perform for everyone regardless of their political beliefs."^[91] On January 9, 2026, the Washington National Opera announced it would leave the center; artistic director Francesca Zambello said box office revenue had collapsed and donor confidence had been "shattered" since Trump's takeover.^[92] Later that month, composer Philip Glass announced he was withdrawing the scheduled world premiere of his Symphony No. 15, "Lincoln", from the venue.^[93]

In a January 16, 2026, press release, venue officials referred to the center as the Trump Kennedy Center, the Donald J. Trump and John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts, the Kennedy Center, and the Center.^[94] A satirical website using the domain name trumpkennedycenter.org was posted by Toby Morton,^[95] a television writer and producer who had anticipated the renaming and registered the domain name.^[96]

Artwork

The plaza entrance of the Kennedy Center features two tableaus by German sculptor Jürgen Weber, created between 1965 and 1971 as a gift to the Kennedy Center from the West German government. Near the north end of the plaza is a display of nude figures in scenes representing war and peace, called War or Peace. The piece, 8 ft × 50 ft × 1.5 ft (2.44 m × 15.24 m × 0.46 m), depicts five scenes showing the symbolism of war and peace: a war scene, murder, family, and creativity.^[123] At the south end is America, which represents Weber's image of America (8 × 50 × 1.5 ft.). Four scenes are depicted representing threats to liberty, technology, foreign aid and survival, and free speech.^[124]

It took the artist four years to sculpt the two reliefs in plaster, creating 200 castings, and another two years for the foundry in Berlin to cast the pieces. In 1994, the Smithsonian Institution's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program surveyed War or Peace and America and described them as being well maintained.^[123][124] Another sculpture, Don Quixote by Aurelio Teno, occupies a site near the northeast corner of the building. King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia of Spain gave the sculpture to the United States for its Bicentennial, June 3, 1976.^[125]

Concert Hall

The Concert Hall, located at the south end of the center, seats 2,465^[126] including chorister seats and stage boxes, and has a seating arrangement similar to that used in many European halls such as Musikverein in Vienna. The Concert Hall is the largest performance space in the Kennedy Center and is the home of the National Symphony Orchestra. A 1997 renovation brought a high-tech acoustical canopy, handicap-accessible locations on every level, and new seating sections (onstage boxes, chorister seats, and parterre seats). The Hadeland crystal chandeliers, given by the Norwegian government, were repositioned to provide a clearer view.^[24] Canadian organbuilder Casavant Frères constructed and installed a new pipe organ in 2012.^[127]

Opera House

The Opera House, in the middle, has approximately 2,347 seats.^[126] Its interior features include walls covered in red velvet, a distinctive red and gold silk curtain, given by the Japanese government, and a Lobmeyr crystal chandelier with matching pendants, a gift from the government of Austria.^[24] It is the major opera, ballet, and large-scale musical venue of the center,^[128] and is the home of the annual Kennedy Center Honors and the former home of the Washington National Opera.^[129] The Opera House closed during the 2003/2004 season for extensive renovations which provided a revised seating arrangement and redesigned entrances at the orchestra level.

Eisenhower Theater

The Eisenhower Theater, on the north side, seats about 1,161^[126] and is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who signed the National Cultural Center Act into law on September 2, 1958. It primarily hosts plays and musicals, smaller-scale operas, ballet, and contemporary dance. The theater contains an orchestra pit for up to 35 musicians that can be converted into a forestage or additional seating space. The venue reopened in October 2008, following a 16-month renovation that altered the color scheme and seating arrangements.

Other performance venues

Other performance venues in the center include:

• Justice Forum is a 144-seat^[126] lecture hall located at the REACH. Intended for film screenings, presentations, and ensembles, this space is equipped with projection screens, and the seats have a table arm for note-taking,
• Millennium Stage, with 235 seats. Part of the concept of "Performing Arts for Everyone" launched by Chairman James Johnson in the winter of 1997, the Millennium Stage provides free performances at 6:00 pm Wednesday through Saturday on two specially created stages at either end of the Grand Foyer. A Millennium Stage film is shown at 3:00 pm on Sundays. A broad range of art forms are featured on the Millennium Stage. These include performing artists and groups from all 50 states and an Artist-in-Residence program featuring artists performing several evenings in a month. Every show on the Millennium Stage is available as a simulcast of the live show at 6:00 pm, and is archived for later viewing via the Kennedy Center's website.
• River Pavilion is a 268 capacity^[130] flexible interior space located at the REACH. Complete with a cafe this space offers brilliant views of the Potomac River. A wall of windows allows for natural sunlight and views of the reflecting pools and the Presidential Grove of ginkgo trees.
• Room PT-109 is a meeting space at the REACH with a capacity of 85.^[130] The space hosts meetings, dinners and conference breakout sessions. It overlooks the reflecting pool.
• Skylight Pavilion Located at the REACH and with capacity for 425,^[130] this vaulted ceiling space offers expansive views of the river and hosts events, receptions and dinners under multiple glass skylights.
• Studio F is a large multipurpose rehearsal room located at the REACH. It is larger than Studio J with a capacity of 164.^[130] Equipped with ballet barres and mirrors this space can be a green room, rehearsal space, breakout room or used for a reception or dinner.
• Studio J is a multipurpose rehearsal room located at the REACH with a capacity of 50. It contains ballet barres mirrors, and is suitable for a green room, meeting space, reception, or dinner.^[130]
• Studio K is the largest multipurpose room at the REACH, with a capacity of 350.^[130] This space contains a viewing balcony and can be used for a variety of events, performances, theater, or breakout sessions. It is now home to the Kennedy Center Jazz Club.
• The Family Theater, with 320^[130] seats, opened December 9, 2005. It replaced the former American Film Institute Theater located adjacent to the Hall of States. Designed by the architectural firm Richter Cornbrooks Gribble, Inc. of Baltimore, the new theater incorporates a computerized rigging system and a digital video projection system.
• The Terrace Gallery. On March 12, 2003, the space formerly known as the Education Resource Center was officially designated the Terrace Gallery.
• The Terrace Theater, with 490^[126] seats, was constructed on the roof terrace level in the late 1970s as a Bicentennial gift from the people of Japan to the United States. It is used for chamber music, ballet and contemporary dance, and theater. The theater was renovated between 2015 and 2019 to update finishes and systems and make the venue ADA compliant.^[131]
• The Theater Lab, with 399 seats, currently houses the whodunit Shear Madness, which has been playing continuously since August 1987.

River and rooftop terraces

The Kennedy Center offers one of the few open-air rooftop terraces in Washington, D.C.; it is free of charge to the public from 10:00 am until midnight each day, except when closed for private events. The wide terrace provides views in all four directions overlooking the Rosslyn skyline in Arlington County, Virginia, to the west; the Potomac River and National Airport to the south; the Washington Harbor and the Watergate complex to the north; and the Lincoln Memorial, Department of State buildings, George Washington University and the Saudi embassy to the east.

Kennedy Center Honors

Since 1978, the Kennedy Center Honors have been awarded annually by the center's board of trustees. Each year, five artists or groups are honored for their lifetime contributions to American culture and the performing arts, including dance, music, theater, opera, film, and television.^[132] In 2025, the event was hosted by Donald Trump, a first for a sitting or former U.S. president. Trump said he was "about 98 percent involved" in selecting the honorees.^[133]

Mark Twain Prize for American Humor

The Kennedy Center has awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor annually since 1998. Named after the 19th-century humorist Mark Twain, it is presented to individuals who have "had an impact on American society in ways similar to" Twain.^[134]

Artists-in-residence and artistic advisors

The Kennedy Center hosts residencies for artists to work with the center's performing ensembles, programmers, and community initiatives. The Education Artist-in-Residence program was established in 2019. Mo Willems, author and illustrator of the Pigeon series of children's books, was the inaugural holder of the position, serving a two-year residency beginning in July 2019. Author Jacqueline Woodson succeeded Willems in the role beginning in January 2022. During her tenure, several of her books were adapted as stage productions at the center, among them The Other Side and The Day You Begin.^[135][136]

The 'Composer-in-Residence is a multi-year appointment in which a composer creates and presents new works in collaboration with the center's resident ensembles. Carlos Simon was appointed to the role beginning in the 2021–2022 season, composing works for the National Symphony Orchestra and Washington National Opera, writing the theme music for the Kennedy Center Honors, and producing a total of 19 works programmed at the center, of which nine were commissions. His residency was extended beyond its initial three-year term.^[137]

Culture artist-in-residence positions have been held by hip-hop group the Roots and pianist Robert Glasper, both of whom served extended residencies at the center's REACH campus.^[138]

In 2016, the center appointed three Artistic Advisors as part of a broader initiative tied to the centennial of President Kennedy's birth. Cellist Yo-Yo Ma and soprano Renée Fleming were each appointed Artistic Advisor at Large.^[139] Fleming and Ma both resigned in February 2025 following President Trump's takeover of the center.^[140]

Singer-songwriter Ben Folds was appointed the first Artistic Advisor to the National Symphony Orchestra in 2017, curating collaborations between popular artists and the orchestra. He resigned in February 2025.^[140]

Violinist Jennifer Koh was appointed Artistic Director of the Fortas Chamber Music Concerts in December 2022, succeeding Joseph Kalichstein, who had led the series since 1997. The Fortas series, founded in the 1980s, presents chamber music concerts at the center each season.^[141]

Pianist Billy Taylor served as the center's first Artistic Director for Jazz from 1994 until his death in December 2010. Pianist and composer Jason Moran was appointed his successor in 2011 and resigned in June 2025.^[142][143]

Dance

Dance has been a component of Kennedy Center programming since the center opened in 1971. The center presents ballet and contemporary dance across its stages, with the Opera House serving as the primary venue for visiting companies. ^[144]The center sponsors two annual dance residency programs for young people: Exploring Ballet with Suzanne Farrell and the Dance Theatre of Harlem Residency Program, both now in their second decade. The center is known for its annual production of the ballet The Nutcracker, which has been performed by various companies. The Kansas City Ballet performed The Nutcracker at the Kennedy Center in November 2022.^[145]

Education

The Kennedy Center American College Theatre Festival (KCACTF) is a national theater program dedicated to improving collegiate theater in the United States. It was founded in the 1960s by Roger L. Stevens, the Kennedy Center's founding chairman, and grew to involve more than 18,000 students annually from over 600 colleges and universities in all 50 states. The national festival was held annually at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. for 58 years.^[146] In December 2025, following President Trump's takeover of the center and the board's vote to rename it, the KCACTF announced it was suspending its 58-year partnership with the Kennedy Center, stating that decisions made by the center's new leadership "do not align with our organization's values."^[147]

The Kennedy Center's Changing Education Through the Arts creates professional development opportunities for teachers and school administrators. Each year, over 700 teachers participate in approximately 60 courses focused on integrating the arts into their teaching.^[148] The program partners with sixteen schools in the Washington, D.C. Metro area to develop a long-range plan for arts integration at their school.^[149]

Exploring Ballet with Suzanne Farrell was a three-week summer ballet intensive for international pre-professional ballerinas ages 14–18 since 1993.^[150][151]

Turnaround Arts is a national education program of the Kennedy Center targeting elementary and middle schools in low-income communities. It was founded in 2011 by the President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities under the leadership of First Lady Michelle Obama, beginning with eight pilot schools.^[152] In May 2016, Obama announced that management of the program would transfer to the Kennedy Center.^[153]

VSA is an international organization on arts, education, and disability, founded in 1974 by Jean Kennedy Smith as an affiliate of the Kennedy Center. Originally named the National Committee – Arts for the Handicapped, it was renamed Very Special Arts in 1985 and VSA in 2010. In 2011, VSA merged with the Kennedy Center's Office on Accessibility to become the Department of VSA and Accessibility at the center.^[154][155]

Festivals

The Kennedy Center has presented large-scale international festivals celebrating the arts and culture of specific regions or nations. Early international initiatives included African Odyssey (1997–2000), a four-year program dedicated to the arts and artists of Africa, and AmericArtes (2001–2004), a multi-year Latin American festival. The center's Festival of China was, at the time of its presentation, the largest celebration of Chinese arts and culture in American history.^[156]

Subsequent festivals have included JAPAN! culture + hyperculture (February 2008); ARABESQUE: Arts of the Arab World (February–March 2009); Maximum India (February–March 2011); and Nordic Cool 2013 (February–March 2013).^[157][158]

In 2023, the Kennedy Center announced a decade-long commitment to environment-themed programming, including biennial international festivals aligned with United Nations environmental goals for 2030. The inaugural festival, RiverRun: arts nature impact, ran from World Water Day (March 22) to Earth Day (April 22, 2023). The second installment, REACH to FOREST, took place in February 2024, followed by Earth to Space in 2025.^[159][160]

Hip Hop and Contemporary Music

The Kennedy Center began incorporating hip hop into its programming incrementally, with early appearances by artists including Mos Def in 2008 as part of jazz programming. In 2014, the center presented One Mic: Hip Hop Culture Worldwide, a festival that included Nas performing his debut album Illmatic in its entirety with the National Symphony Orchestra, marking the album's 20th anniversary. The performance was later broadcast on PBS's Great Performances and is available on Netflix. In 2015, Kendrick Lamar performed his album To Pimp a Butterfly with the NSO Pops.^[161]

In 2016, the Kennedy Center appointed rapper, producer, and DJ Q-Tip as its first Artistic Director of Hip Hop Culture. Simone Eccleston was subsequently appointed the first Director of Hip Hop Culture and Contemporary Music. In 2017, LL Cool J became the first hip hop artist to receive a Kennedy Center Honors. In 2018, the center announced the formation of the Hip Hop Culture Council, an advisory body chaired by Q-Tip whose founding members include Questlove, Black Thought, Common, LL Cool J, Robert Glasper, MC Lyte, Fab 5 Freddy, Grandmaster Caz, 9th Wonder, Pharoahe Monch, and others.^[162][163]

Jazz

In 1994, the Kennedy Center appointed Billy Taylor as Artistic Advisor for Jazz, and his first installation was his own radio show, Billy Taylor's Jazz at the Kennedy Center.^{[citation needed]}

Since 2003, the center's jazz programs have been regularly broadcast on NPR's JazzSet with Dee Dee Bridgewater. In March 2007, the center hosted a celebration, Jazz in Our Time, which bestowed its Living Jazz Legend Award on more than 30 artists. In 2015, Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett performed there as part of their Cheek to Cheek Tour.^[164]

Pianist and composer Jason Moran was appointed Taylor's successor in November 2011. Under Moran, the center continued the Mary Lou Williams Women in Jazz Festival and Betty Carter's Jazz Ahead, and added the annual NEA Jazz Masters Tribute Concert, in which the National Endowment for the Arts awards its Jazz Masters fellowships.^[165][166]

Millennium Stage

The Millennium Stage is a free performance series held every evening every day of the year. Created as part of the center's "Performing Arts for Everyone" initiative, the series presents artists from across all genres. Performances are also livestreamed online. The Millennium Stage was established in the 1990s under Kennedy Center president Lawrence Wilker.^[167][168]

National Symphony Orchestra (NSO)

The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) is an American symphony orchestra founded in 1931 by cellist Hans Kindler, originally based at Constitution Hall. It has been housed at the Kennedy Center since the venue opened in 1971 and became a formal artistic affiliate in 1986.^[169] The NSO has performed the annual televised PBS broadcasts A Capitol Fourth and the National Memorial Day Concert.^[170]

NSO Pops

The National Symphony Orchestra Pops (NSO Pops) is a programming strand of the National Symphony Orchestra presenting popular music, film scores, Broadway, and crossover programming in the Kennedy Center Concert Hall. Steven Reineke has served as Principal Pops Conductor since 2011, leading the orchestra in collaborations with artists spanning hip hop, R&B, rock, pop, and Broadway. Artists who have performed with the NSO Pops include Kendrick Lamar, Nas, Maxwell, Common, Ne-Yo, Cynthia Erivo, Sutton Foster, and Ben Folds, among many others.^[171]

Annual NSO Pops programming includes a Holiday Pops concert series each December and summer Pops programming on the Concert Hall stage. The series has also presented film scores performed live to picture, including scores by composers such as Michael Giacchino. Reineke has been featured in nationally broadcast PBS appearances with the NSO, including leading the orchestra in the Nas Illmatic concert and the Ben Folds DECLASSIFIED special on Next at the Kennedy Center.^[172]

Social impact

The Kennedy Center established a formal Social Impact program under the leadership of Marc Bamuthi Joseph, who served as Vice President and Artistic Director of Social Impact. The center outlined an eight-channel framework for social impact activity woven throughout the institution, with major support from the Ford Foundation.^[173]

In March 2025, following President Trump's takeover of the Kennedy Center, the center dismantled the Social Impact program, laying off seven of the team's employees. Bamuthi Joseph was also let go. ^[174]

Theater

The center has co-produced more than 300 new works of theater, including Tony-winning shows ranging from Annie in 1977 to A Few Good Men, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, The King and I, Titanic, and the American premiere of Les Misérables. The center also produced the Sondheim Celebration (six Stephen Sondheim musicals) in 2002, Tennessee Williams Explored (three of Tennessee Williams' classic plays) in 2004, Mame starring Christine Baranski in 2006, Carnival! in 2007, August Wilson's Pittsburgh Cycle (Wilson's complete ten-play cycle performed as fully staged readings) and Broadway: Three Generations both in 2008, and a new production of Ragtime in 2009. The Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays has provided critical support in the development of 135 new theatrical works. In 2011, a new production of Follies starring Bernadette Peters opened at the Eisenhower Theater, and transferred to Broadway that fall.^[175]

Washington National Opera

The Washington National Opera (WNO) was a resident company of the Kennedy Center from 1971 until 2026. It was founded in 1956 as the Opera Society of Washington by music critic Day Thorpe of the Washington Star, with Paul Callaway, organist and choirmaster of Washington Cathedral, as its first music director. The company gave its first performances in January 1957. It was renamed The Washington Opera in 1977 and designated by Congress as the national opera company in 2000, when it became the Washington National Opera.^[184]

Following the 2008 financial crisis, WNO faced near-bankruptcy. In 2011, it signed an affiliation agreement with the Kennedy Center that transferred its assets, liabilities, and employees to the center while the company retained its own corporate charter, board of trustees, and fundraising operations. Francesca Zambello was appointed artistic director in 2012, and a second affiliation agreement was signed in 2024.^[185]

After President Trump's takeover of the Kennedy Center in February 2025, ticket sales collapsed and donor confidence fell sharply. On January 9, 2026, WNO announced it was ending its 15-year affiliation with the center and relocating its performances to other Washington venues. ^[186]

Art and Ideals: President John F. Kennedy

Opened in September 2022, Art and Ideals: President John F. Kennedy is a permanent exhibit dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's relationship with art.^[187] The exhibit has four sections, each explaining the role art played in culture, democracy, social change, and the White House during Kennedy's presidency.^[188][189] The exhibit was designed by architectural firm KieranTimberlake, curator Ileen Gallagher, and a committee of five U.S. historians.^[190]

Other events

The Kennedy Center regularly hosts special Inauguration Day events and galas during the start of each presidential term.^{[citation needed]} During the United States Bicentennial, the Kennedy Center hosted numerous special events throughout 1976, including six commissioned plays.^[191] The center hosted free performances by groups from each state.^[192] In December 1976, Mikhail Baryshnikov's version of The Nutcracker played for two weeks.^[193]

In 1977, the Opera House hosted George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra with Rex Harrison and Elizabeth Ashley.^[194] The American Ballet Theatre has also frequently performed at the Kennedy Center.^[195] The troupe's 2004 production of Swan Lake, choreographed by Kevin McKenzie, was taped there, shown on PBS in June 2005, and released on DVD shortly after. Productions of The Lion King and Trevor Nunn's production of My Fair Lady (choreographed by Matthew Bourne) were presented in the 2007–2008 season.^[36] The Kennedy Center at 50, a concert to celebrate the center's 50th anniversary, was held on September 14, 2021, and aired on PBS on October 1, 2021. Audra McDonald hosted, and first lady Jill Biden gave opening remarks.^{[196][197][198]} The Kennedy Center hosted the draw for the 2026 FIFA World Cup on December 5, 2025.^[199]

Local performing arts organizations

Many local arts organizations have presented their work at the Kennedy Center. Some of these include:

Funding and finances

Authorized by the National Cultural Center Act of 1958,^[114] which requires that its programming be sustained through private funds, the center represents a public–private partnership. Its activities have included educational and outreach initiatives almost entirely funded through ticket sales and gifts from individuals, corporations, and private foundations. The center receives annual federal funding to cover building maintenance and operations.^[213]

Board of trustees

The center's board, formally known as the Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, maintains and administers the center and its site. The honorary chairs of the board are the first lady and her living predecessors. Members of the board are specified by U.S. Code Title 20 Chapter 3 subchapter V §76h and include ex officio members such as the secretary of health and human services, the librarian of Congress, the secretary of state (substituting for the director of the United States Information Agency after that agency was abolished), the chairman of the Commission of Fine Arts, the mayor of the District of Columbia, the superintendent of schools of the District of Columbia, the director of the National Park Service, the secretary of education and the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and several members of Congress, as well as 36 general trustees appointed by the president of the United States for six-year terms.^[214]