Kėdainiai

The city has been known by other names: Kiejdany in Polish, Keidan (קיידאן) in Yiddish,^[7][8] and Kedahnen in German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms include Kidan, Kaidan, Keidany, Keydan, Kiedamjzeÿ ^[9] ("j" /e/), Kuidany, and Kidainiai.^[10]

The area was the site of several battles during "The Deluge", the 17th century war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. In 1655 a short-lived treaty with Sweden, the Union of Kėdainiai, was signed by two members of Radziwiłł family in their Kėdainiai castle. While little remains of the Radziwiłł castle, the crypt of the Calvinist church (1631) houses the family mausoleum, including the tombs of Krzysztof Radziwiłł and his son Janusz.

Scottish Protestants arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries, encouraged by the conversion of Anna Radziwill; the community exerted considerable influence in the city and persisted until the mid-19th century.^[11] The grouping of the buildings around the town square still include the imposing homes of merchants known as the "Scottish Houses". These include; the George Anderson House, the John Arnot House, the George Bennet House, the James Gray House, the Steel Property, and the surviving basement of the Alexander Gordon house.^[12]

A local custom called on all visitors to bring a stone to be used in the town's construction.^[5]

The 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town in 1790.^[13]

World War II

In 1940, the town was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa, Kėdainiai was occupied by the German Army in the summer of 1941. On August 28, 1941, the entire Jewish community of Kėdainiai, a community which had inhabited the area for 500 years, were killed under the direction of German Special Police Battalions, with the aid of the local Lithuanian population. The Jewish population prior to the Holocaust was 3000.^[14]

Soviet occupation

During the Cold War, it was home to Kėdainiai air base, a major Soviet military airlift facility.

For many years, Kėdainiai was known for its chemical and food processing industries. The Kėdainiai chemical plant, Lifosa, began operations in January 1963. Publicized as a milestone in the industrialization of Lithuania, it emitted significant quantities of sulfuric acid and was the subject of ecological protests in the 1980s.^[15][16]

Kėdainiai is accessed by Via Baltica highway from Kaunas and Panevėžys, and by rail from Vilnius, Klaipėda and Šiauliai. It is also served by Kaunas International Airport, the second largest airport in Lithuania, located in Karmėlava.

The Kėdainiai Regional Museum, established in 1922, now operates four branches: a Multicultural Centre, the mausoleum of the Dukes Radziwill, the house of Juozas Paukštelis, and the Museum of Wooden Sculptures of V.Ulevičius.^[18]

Since the city is known as the cucumber capital of Lithuania, it sponsors an annual cucumber festival.^[17]

In 2013, the band Bastille shot a music video for their single "Things We Lost in the Fire" in Kėdainiai.^[19]

A small Polish minority of 329 (0,61%)^[20] people live in Kėdainiai district municipality, but only 30 people participate in Stowarzyszenie Polaków Kiejdan (The Kėdainiai Polish Association), the elder people; their cultural activities involve public celebrations of Polish Day of Independence and Day of the Constitution of Third of May, as well as organizing a festival of Polish culture. Since 1994, the Kėdainiai Polish Language School operates here.^[21][22]

• Jonušas Radvila College (Kėdainių Jonušo Radvilos studijų centras)
• Kėdainiai Atžalynas gymnasium
• Kėdainiai Šviesioji gymnasium

Basketball club BC Nevėžis, which participate in Lithuanian basketball league. Football club FK Nevėžis, named after the nearby river plays in second-tier league I Lyga. Other football teams include FK Lifosa and FK Nevėžis-2, the reserve team of Nevėžis.

• Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655) - Polish-Lithuanian nobleman, magnate
• Antanas Mackevičius, a priest and a leader of the 1863 uprising
• Czesław Miłosz, Polish writer, Nobel Prize winner. Born in Šeteniai village
• Mikalojus Daukša, Lithuanian writer, translator
• Martin (Moshe) Kagan, a leader of the anti-Nazi resistance group HaShomer HaTzair
• Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen, rabbi and prolific author
• Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan (1890–1924), prominent Orthodox rabbi.
• Moshe Leib Lilienblum, Jewish scholar and author
• Viktoras Muntianas, Lithuanian politician, former Speaker of the Seimas
• Juozas Paukštelis, author
• Juozas Urbšys, Lithuanian diplomat. Born in Šeteniai village
• Shlomo Zalman Zoref, re-established the Ashkenazi community in the Old City of Jerusalem in 1811
• Bernard G Richards (b. March 9, 1877 Dov-Gershon Rabinovich in Keidan, Lithuania - d. 25 June 1971 in the US) author and Jewish leader.

Kėdainiai is twinned with:^[23]

• 
  City Hall and Monument of Janusz Radziwiłł
• 
  Kranto II street in the old town
• 
  Senoji Street in the old town
• 
  Kėdainiai Old Town
• 
  Kėdainiai Old Town
• 
  Didžioji street
• 
  Nevėžis river in city center
• 
  Kėdainiai new synagogue
• 
  Holy Transfiguration Church

• Kėdainiai railway station